RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health care technologies are now offering accountability, quality, robustness, and accuracy in disease surveillance and health care delivery programmes. With the advent of mobile hand-held devices, these technologies have become more accessible and adaptable for use by field staff working in remote areas. The Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project started collection of data and conduct of routine operations using paper-based reporting systems. Observing the need for a robust and quality digital mobile application, a comprehensive mobile application tool was developed that allowed the project to conduct disease surveillance, workforce management and supply chain management. METHODS: In June 2017, the project conceptualized a comprehensive mobile application tool in the local language (Hindi) for disease surveillance, human resources management, and supply chain management. The tool is also available in English. Solution for Community Health-workers (SOCH) mobile app is an android native application developed using android SDK and web-based tool using MVC.net framework. Construction of the application started in November 2017 and rolled out its pilot in April 2018, followed by pan-district roll out in July 2018. The application uses self-validation tools to ensure high level of data quality and integrity. RESULTS: The software is available in android based hand-held devices and web-screens with built-in data analytical capabilities. Using SOCH, the project has now successfully digitized its routine surveillance, attendance, tour plans, supply chain management components. The project has documented a reduction in 91% indigenous cases in the district, 60% improvement in stock accountability, and 99.6% accuracy in data collected through the mobile application. CONCLUSION: SOCH is an excellent and user-friendly tool, which can be customized for any public health management programme. The system ensures accountability and data robustness, which is needed for malaria elimination efforts throughout the country. The mobile application can be adapted for English or any other Indian or international language for use for malaria or any other disease surveillance and control programme. Another expansion feature of this mobile application is incorporation of indicators for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), and minor engineering by the residents of community under surveillance. The authors believe that it would be highly desirable and appropriate for an international organization, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), to conduct an independent comparison of all available mobile e-surveillance tools, so that a high-performing and globally suitable system can be selected for use in malaria elimination programmes. The Foundation of Disease Elimination and Controlof India has decided to make the SOCH mobile application available to anyone who would like to use it for disease surveillance and health care programmes.
Asunto(s)
Erradicación de la Enfermedad/métodos , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Malaria/prevención & control , Aplicaciones Móviles , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Recursos Humanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , IndiaRESUMEN
The direct superior approach is a modification of the minimally invasive posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty which preserves the iliotibial band and external rotators except for the piriformis or conjoint tendon. This review explores the existing scientific evidence on clinical, functional and radiological outcomes in total hip arthroplasty performed using the direct superior approach. The direct superior approach reduces iatrogenic periarticular soft tissue injury compared to the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty. The learning curve for the direct superior approach is 40 operative cases with operative times comparable to those of conventional approaches for total hip arthroplasty after surgical proficiency has been achieved. The direct superior approach provides improvements in pain and short-term functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty as assessed using the Harris Hip Score. The minimally invasive posterior approach provides comparable pain scores and improved University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale functional scores to the direct superior approach at 1-year follow up. Existing studies using plain radiographs have shown that the direct superior approach enables accurate femoral and acetabular implant positioning.