RESUMEN
Context can enhance or hinder public participation (PP) in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). This study aimed to investigate and discuss how PP-related contextual attributes influence the quality of PP in Thai EIA processes. The study adopted the qualitative approach and interviewed 20 key informants with insightful PP-associated experience in Thai EIAs. The results showed that four major groups of contextual attributes are believed to influence PP in Thai EIAs: the legal and political frameworks, the capacities of key actors, environmental awareness and the right to participate in decision-making processes, and cultural context. The greatest strength of PP in Thai EIAs is that PP is mandated by law, followed by increased environmental awareness and the right to participate in the decision-making process. Different key actors such as project owners, consultants, non-governmental organizations, and reviewing agencies encounter difficulties in discharging their prescribed functions, which affects the quality of PP. The authoritarian culture of Thai society also prevents PP in EIAs. The study offers certain recommendations, including public communication about how civic inputs can influence decision-making processes, the employment of social sector specialists to facilitate PP in EIA, and the application of appropriate participation techniques associated with the prevailing culture.
RESUMEN
The microbial community in a garbage-decomposing system was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on the basis of 16S rDNA. The system treated 1 kg of garbage everyday for two months at ambient temperature with almost constant decomposition efficiency, although a transient pH increase occurred. Succession of the banding pattern of the DGGE profile suggested that the bacterial community was not directly affected by the continuous addition of non-sterilized garbage into the open system, but changed with the fluctuation of pH. These resistance and resilience characteristics of the community structure may be effective to keep the decomposition efficiency stable. The analyses of the DNA sequences from the DGGE bands suggested the existence of uncultured or novel bacteria as well as Lactobacillus sp., Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus sp. A specific PCR detection was performed to evaluate the existence of Escherichia coli within the community. E. coli 16S rDNAs were not detected from the decomposing system.