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The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of synchronous upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) tumors within oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and to specify distinct risk groups who benefit from panendoscopy. Definite clinical and pathohistological characteristics, as well as overall and recurrence-free survival (OAS and RFS, respectively) of OSCC patients with and without synchronous second UAT tumors, carcinomas in situ, or higher-grade dysplasia/metaplasia, were evaluated based on a retrospective population-based cohort study, including alignment with cancer registry data. Out of 727 included OSCC patients, 465 cases (64.0%) received panendoscopy. Among these, 18 UAT tumors were detected, all of which were linked to patients with a positive history of nicotine abuse. Every synchronous UAT tumor was revealed by panendoscopy, which, analyzed as an independent staging procedure, was accompanied by a low complication rate (1.7%). When illuminating the impact of a second UAT tumor in OSCC patients, survival analysis revealed reduced 5-year OAS (63.9% vs 43.5%, p = 0.010) and RFS (57.1% vs 32.4%, p = 0.016) for patients with a second oncology diagnosis of the UAT. Within the limitations of the study, it seems that panendoscopy should be performed in the majority of patients suffering from OSCC, because most of them have a history of smoking and drinking, which correlates with an increased risk of developing synchronous UAT tumors.

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is considered an important contributor of low back pain, a major age-related disease. Interestingly, an unprecedented high number of senescent cells has been reported in aged and degenerated IVDs, most probably affecting tissue homeostasis. In previous studies classical markers of cellular senescence have been used, such as SA-ß-gal staining or p16Ink4a expression. Aim of the presented study was a re-evaluation of the number of senescent IVD cells by using a newly established staining procedure for lipofuscin, based on a Sudan Black-B analogue (GL13), which can be used in fresh, as well as in fixed and embedded tissues. In cultures of senescent rat and human IVD cells both SA-ß-gal and GL13 gave similar percentages of senescent cells. Similarly, in fresh tissues from old rats the ratios of senescent cells were high with both detection procedures. Finally, in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from humans, a significant increased number of GL13-positive cells was found in herniated tissues, as compared to apparently normal ones, while similar numbers of p16Ink4a-positive cells were observed. These data confirm the significantly enhanced number of senescent cells in aged and degenerated IVDs, most probably contributing to the degeneration of this tissue.

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PURPOSE: Assessment of in vitro efficacy of three different nonsurgical implant surface decontamination methods in three peri-implant bone defect simulation models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 implants were allocated to differently angulated (30, 60, and 90 degrees) peri-implant bone defect resin models, each covered by a mucosa mask. All implants were stained with indelible red color and assigned to one of the three defect models. In each simulated bone defect group, 20 implants were decontaminated for 2 minutes with a curette (CUR), sonic scaler (SOSC), or air-powder abrasion device (APA) with glycine powder. Photos were taken from both sides of each implant to measure the percentage of uncleaned implant surface area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the implant surface for morphologic damage. RESULTS: Among the three defect angulations, a significantly different cleaning efficacy (P < .001) for each treatment method was found (30 degrees: CUR [67.33%], SOSC [62.70%], APA [39.33%]; 60 degrees: CUR [61.59%], SOSC [54.31%], APA [23.91%]; 90 degrees: CUR [66.82%], SOSC [55.77%], APA [28.03%]). SEM did not show any considerable surface damage after APA treatment in comparison with after CUR or SOSC. CONCLUSION: Air-powder abrasion proved to be the most efficient nonsurgical treatment device for each type of defect in this in vitro model with the least noticeable surface change. No decontamination method resulted in complete cleaning of the color remnants on the implant surface.

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The classical presentation of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We present a rare case of a ruptured posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysm presented solely with massive intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in a 53-year-old female. The aneurysm was coiled successfully and the outcome of the patient was excellent.

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X-rays and ventriculograms were the first imaging modalities used to localize intracranial lesions including brain tumors as far back as the 1880s. Subsequent advances in preoperative radiological localization included computed tomography (CT; 1971) and MRI (1977). Since then, other imaging modalities have been developed for clinical application although none as pivotal as CT and MRI. Intraoperative technological advances include the microscope, which has allowed precise surgery under magnification and improved lighting, and the endoscope, which has improved the treatment of hydrocephalus and allowed biopsy and complete resection of intraventricular, pituitary and pineal region tumors through a minimally invasive approach. Neuronavigation, intraoperative MRI, CT and ultrasound have increased the ability of the neurosurgeon to perform safe and maximal tumor resection. This may be facilitated by the use of fluorescing agents, which help define the tumor margin, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, which helps identify and protect eloquent brain.

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Mild traumatic brain injury is common in elderly patients, many of whom are on anticoagulant. The common practice is to discharge these patients from the emergency room if the computed tomography (CT) of the brain is normal. However, a very small proportion of these patients may develop a life threatening intracranial haematoma in the following days. We present here a case of a 66-year-old male on anticoagulant therapy that developed a subdural haematoma 48 hours after a mild head injury, with a normal initial CT scan of the brain. The patient underwent a craniotomy with evacuation of a large subdural clot. Postoperatively he had progressively improved and six months later has a Glasgow Outcome Score of three. This case is characterized by the delayed onset of a subdural haematoma in a patient on anticoagulation and we discuss here the possible pathogenesis related to this phenomenon. We also briefly review the pertinent literature and the current guidelines for the management of this type of head injuries.

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INTRODUCTION: Peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is more often seen in premature neonates and can lead to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, characterized by high mortality rate and neurodevelopmental delay. CASE REPORT: We report a case of in utero PIVH in a full-term neonate, which led to hydrocephalus. The infant developed at 8 months of gestational age intracerebral/intraventricular hemorrhage at the regions of the left basal ganglia and thalamus with significant intraventricular extension and ventriculomegaly, which was diagnosed with fetal MR scan, and progressed post partum to active multiloculated hydrocephalus. At the age of 3 months, the infant was operated on with endoscopic fenestration of the ventricular septations at the left side and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion at the right side. A follow-up MR scan after 4 months showed improvement of the ventriculomegaly and the multiloculated hydrocephalus. Up to a period of 6 months follow up, there have been no shunt-related problems. DISCUSSION: The complications of a grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage are well documented in premature infants. It is difficult to know to what extent these apply equally to full-term infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Ventricular hemorrhage is very rarely reported in full-term neonates, and even more rarely in the intrauterine period.

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Lacosamide is a new antiepileptic drug that has been successfully used for the treatment of partial seizures. We report three neurosurgical cases of simple partial status epilepticus refractory to multiple antiepileptic medications. The addition of oral lacosamide in doses of 200-400 mg in combination with the existing treatment had successfully controlled the seizures within four days.

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Acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) constitutes one of the most critical emergencies in neurosurgery. There are only several reports that show the rapid disappearance of ASDH without surgical intervention. We report a case of a 64-year-old alcoholic man who had a traumatic subdural haematoma after a fall from a height of about eight meters on level ground. The computed tomography (CT) of the brain on admission demonstrated a left parietooccipital ASDH. A follow-up CT scan after 8 hours showed resolution of the hematoma. The patient was discharged 9 days later with no neurological deficit. We discuss the possible mechanisms of the rapid resolution of the ASDH.

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