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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre a qualidade do sono e a presença de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e hábitos parafuncionais em estudantes e profissionais de Odontologia durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Cirurgiões-dentistas, docentes e estudantes brasileiros de graduação e pós-graduação em Odontologia responderam a um questionário virtual composto pelos seguintes instrumentos: Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Lista de Verificação de Comportamentos Orais, Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca e questões socioeconômicas e demográficas. Os questionários foram disponibilizados online de agosto a novembro de 2020. A associação entre as variáveis preditoras e cada desfecho foi avaliada por meio da regressão de Poisson. A amostra foi composta por 449 participantes, sendo que 259 (59,5%) relataramdistúrbios do sono, 352 (78,4%) apresentavam DTM e 311 (69,3%) realizavam hábitos orais parafuncionais. Os distúrbios do sono foram associados à maior prevalência de hábitos orais parafuncionais (RP 1,61; IC 95% 1,36-1,91) e DTM (RP 1,16; IC 95% 1,04-1,29). Além disso, as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de DTM em relação aos homens, assim como indivíduos cuja renda era menor. Desta forma, os distúrbios do sono foram associados a hábitos orais parafuncionais e DTM em estudantes e profissionais de Odontologia durante a quarentena da COVID-19 (AU).

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño y la presencia de disfunción temporomandibular (DTM) y hábitos parafuncionales en estudiantes y profesionales de Odontología durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Odontólogos, profesores y estudiantes brasileños de pregrado y posgrado en Odontología respondieron un cuestionario virtual compuesto por los siguientes instrumentos: Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh, Lista de Verificación de Comportamiento Oral, Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca y preguntas socioeconómicas y demográficas. Los cuestionarios estuvieron disponibles virtualmente de agosto a noviembre de 2020. La asociación entre las variables predictoras y cada resultado se evaluó mediante regresión de Poisson. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 449 participantes, de los cuales 259 (59,5%) refirieron trastornos del sueño, 352 (78,4%) DTM y 311 (69,3%) hábitos orales parafuncionales. Los trastornos del sueño se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales (RP 1,61; IC 95% 1,36-1,91) y DTM (RP 1,16; IC 95% 1,04-1,29). Además, las mujeres tenían una mayor prevalencia de DTM que los hombres, así como las personas con ingresos más bajos. Así, los trastornos del sueño se asociaron con hábitos orales parafuncionales y DTM en estudiantes y profesionales de odontología durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 (AU).

This study aimed to assess the association between sleep quality and the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and parafunctional habits in dental students and professionals during the COVID-19 quarantine. Brazilian dentists, professors, and dental undergraduate and graduate students answered a virtual questionnaire composed of the following instruments: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Oral Behaviors Checklist, Fonseca Anamnestic Index, and socioeconomic and demographic questions. Questionnaires were available on-line from August to November 2020. The association between the predictor variables and each outcome were assessed using Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 449 participants, 259 (59.5%) of whom had sleep disorders, 352 (78.4%) had TMD, and 311 (69.3%) had parafunctional oral habits. Sleep disorders were associated with higher prevalence of parafunctional oral habits (PR 1.61; 95%CI 1.36-1.91) and TMD (PR 1.16; 95%CI 1.04-1.29). Furthermore, women showed a higher prevalence of TMD in comparison to men, as well as individuals with lower income. Sleep disorders were associated with parafunctional oral habits and TMD in dental students and professionals during COVID-19 quarantine (AU).

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the color stability of Filtek Z350 XT, Filtek Z250 XT, Z100 resin composites and Transbond XT orthodontic resin, all used in orthodontic attachments, when immersed in popular beverages. METHODS: Thirty disk-shaped specimens of each resin composite (2 x 5mm) were manufactured and randomly divided into six groups according to immersion solutions: coffee, red wine, white wine, regular beer, dark beer and deionized water (control). The specimens were fully immersed in each of the solutions for six days at 37°C, representing approximately six months of consumption. The color measurements were evaluated by a reflection spectrophotometer, at baseline (before immersion) and after staining. L*a*b* coordinates were measured and the color change (ΔE00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The resin composites immersed in white wine and regular beer showed either imperceptible or clinically acceptable ΔE00, and no difference from the control group (p= 0.4449 and p= 0.467 respectively). Immersion in coffee and red wine were considered clinically unacceptable and were significantly different from the control group (p= 0.0028 and p= 0.0475 respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, the consumption of coffee and red wine may cause color change of the resin composite attachments above the visual acceptability threshold, and impair aesthetics during treatment.

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INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic mini-implants (MI) are a reliable alternative to provide temporary orthodontic anchorage. Prior to miniscrew insertion, the best approach would be to evaluate each possible insertion site and measure the cortical bone thickness, and verify whether it would provide adequate primary stability. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in cortical bone thickness in areas of mini-implants insertion in patients of different ages, by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The sample of this retrospective study was composed of 123 CBCT scans, which were used to measure cortical bone thickness in the buccal and palatal inter-radicular space in the mesial region of the first permanent molars. These measures were compared by using the Student's t-test, ANOVA/Tukey tests, and Linear regression between male and female subjects, from 12 to 30 years old. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in cortical bone thickness between sex, race and sagittal facial patterns. Significantly higher measurement values were observed in patients older than 12 years of age at all sites evaluated. The coefficient ß at the adjusted linear regression analysis showed that at each increment in age, mean cortical thickness values increased by 0.06mm in the mandible, 0.03mm in the buccal region and 0.02mm in the palatal region of the maxilla. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in cortical bone thickness was positively associated with age; that is, the more advanced the patient's age was, the less chance there was of failure due to primary stability.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic mini-implants (MI) are a reliable alternative to provide temporary orthodontic anchorage. Prior to miniscrew insertion, the best approach would be to evaluate each possible insertion site and measure the cortical bone thickness, and verify whether it would provide adequate primary stability. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in cortical bone thickness in areas of mini-implants insertion in patients of different ages, by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The sample of this retrospective study was composed of 123 CBCT scans, which were used to measure cortical bone thickness in the buccal and palatal inter-radicular space in the mesial region of the first permanent molars. These measures were compared by using the Student's t-test, ANOVA/Tukey tests, and Linear regression between male and female subjects, from 12 to 30 years old. Results: No significant difference was found in cortical bone thickness between sex, race and sagittal facial patterns. Significantly higher measurement values were observed in patients older than 12 years of age at all sites evaluated. The coefficient β at the adjusted linear regression analysis showed that at each increment in age, mean cortical thickness values increased by 0.06mm in the mandible, 0.03mm in the buccal region and 0.02mm in the palatal region of the maxilla. Conclusions: The increase in cortical bone thickness was positively associated with age; that is, the more advanced the patient's age was, the less chance there was of failure due to primary stability.

RESUMO Introdução: Os mini-implantes ortodônticos (MI) são uma alternativa confiável para fornecer ancoragem esquelética temporária. Antes da inserção do mini-implante, a melhor abordagem seria avaliar cada local de inserção possível, medir a espessura do osso cortical e verificar se proporcionaria uma adequada estabilidade primária. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diferença na espessura do osso cortical em áreas de inserção dos mini-implantes em pacientes de diferentes idades, por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Métodos: A amostra desse estudo retrospectivo foi composta por 123 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico, que foram utilizadas para medir a espessura do osso cortical nos espaços inter-radiculares vestibular e palatino na região mesial dos primeiros molares permanentes. Essas medidas foram comparadas por meio dos testes t de Student, ANOVA/Tukey e regressão linear entre os sexos masculino e feminino, de 12 a 30 anos. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na espessura cortical, quando comparados sexo, cor da pele e padrão facial sagital. Foram verificadas medidas significativamente maiores em pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos em todos os sítios avaliados. O coeficiente β da análise de regressão linear ajustada mostrou que, a cada incremento da idade, os valores médios da espessura cortical aumentaram 0,06 mm na mandíbula, 0,03 mm na região vestibular e 0,02 mm na região palatina da maxila. Conclusão: O aumento da espessura do osso cortical teve associação positiva com a idade, ou seja, quanto mais avançada a idade do paciente, menor a chance de falha, devido à estabilidade primária.

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INTRODUCTION: The search for more aesthetic and comfortable orthodontic devices has led to an increase in the use of clear aligners. OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge on biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement using Invisalign aligners. METHODS: This study included 11 patients with a mean age of 23.6 ± 4.8 years. Cases planning included alignment and leveling of lower incisors using Invisalign aligners. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the lower incisors on the day of delivery of aligner number 1 (T0) and after 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d), and 21 (T21d) days. During the observation period of the study, the patients used only the aligner number 1. Levels of nine cytokines were quantified using Luminex's multi-analysis technology. Non-parametric tests were used for comparisons between cytokine expression levels over time. RESULTS: Cytokine expression levels remained constant after 21 days of orthodontic activation, except those of MIP-1ß, which presented a statistical difference between T24h and T21d with a decrease in the concentration levels. IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1ß, MIP-1ß, and TNF-α showed the highest concentrations over time. CONCLUSIONS: The different behavior in the levels of the investigated cytokines indicates a role of these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling induced by Invisalign.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The search for more aesthetic and comfortable orthodontic devices has led to an increase in the use of clear aligners. Objective: To increase knowledge on biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement using Invisalign aligners. Methods: This study included 11 patients with a mean age of 23.6 ± 4.8 years. Cases planning included alignment and leveling of lower incisors using Invisalign aligners. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the lower incisors on the day of delivery of aligner number 1 (T0) and after 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d), and 21 (T21d) days. During the observation period of the study, the patients used only the aligner number 1. Levels of nine cytokines were quantified using Luminex's multi-analysis technology. Non-parametric tests were used for comparisons between cytokine expression levels over time. Results: Cytokine expression levels remained constant after 21 days of orthodontic activation, except those of MIP-1β, which presented a statistical difference between T24h and T21d with a decrease in the concentration levels. IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, MIP-1β, and TNF-α showed the highest concentrations over time. Conclusions: The different behavior in the levels of the investigated cytokines indicates a role of these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling induced by Invisalign.

RESUMO Introdução: a busca por dispositivos ortodônticos mais estéticos e confortáveis gerou um aumento no uso de alinhadores transparentes. Objetivo: ampliar o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos biológicos associados ao movimento dentário ortodôntico promovido por alinhadores Invisalign®. Métodos: a amostra foi constituída por 11 pacientes, com idade média de 23,6 ± 4,8 anos. O planejamento dos casos incluiu alinhamento e nivelamento de incisivos inferiores usando os alinhadores. O fluido gengival crevicular foi coletado na superfície vestibular de incisivos inferiores no dia da entrega do alinhador número 1 (T0) e após 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d) e 21 (T21d) dias. Durante o período de observação do estudo, os pacientes utilizaram apenas o alinhador número 1. Os níveis de nove citocinas foram quantificados por meio do sistema Luminex de multianálise. Testes não paramétricos foram realizados para comparações entre os níveis de expressão de citocinas ao longo do tempo. Resultados: a concentração das citocinas manteve-se constante após 21 dias de ativação ortodôntica, exceto a MIP-1β, que apresentou uma redução estatisticamente significativa entre os tempos T24h e T21d. As IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, MIP-1β e TNF-α apresentaram as maiores concentrações ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: a constância na expressão dos níveis das citocinas parece estar compatível com o estímulo mecânico induzido por alinhadores.

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