RESUMEN
Patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS) and complete locked-in syndrome (CLIS) own a fully functional brain restricted within a non-functional body. In order to help LIS patients stay connected with their surroundings, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and related technologies have emerged. BCIs translate brain activity into actions that can be performed by external devices enabling LIS patients to communicate, leading to an increase in their quality of life. The past decade has seen the rapid development of BCIs that have the potential to be used for patients with locked-in syndrome, from which a great deal is tested only on healthy subjects and not on actual patients. This study aims to (1) provide the readers with a comprehensive study that contributes to this growing area of research by exploring the performance of BCIs tested specifically on LIS and CLIS patients, (2) give an overview of different modalities and paradigms used in different stages of the locked-in syndrome, and (3) discuss the contributions and limitations of BCIs introduced for the LIS and CLIS patients in the state-of-the-art and lay a groundwork for researchers interested in this field.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Meperidine is known as the gold standard drug for shivering after spinal anesthesia (SA). This drug has been used widely and safely during the Cesarean Section (CS). CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents an anaphylaxis reaction to a single intravenous dose of 25 mg meperidine, aiming to control shivering during CS under SA a few minutes after surgical incision. CONCLUSIONS: The condition was well managed with timely intervention. This rare fetal reaction to meperidine is worthy of reporting to make the medical team aware of the potential risks of anaphylaxis due to many routine safe drugs.