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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a crucial function for most autonomous systems, allowing them to both navigate through and create maps of unfamiliar surroundings. Traditional Visual SLAM, also commonly known as VSLAM, relies on frame-based cameras and structured processing pipelines, which face challenges in dynamic or low-light environments. However, recent advancements in event camera technology and neuromorphic processing offer promising opportunities to overcome these limitations. Event cameras inspired by biological vision systems capture the scenes asynchronously, consuming minimal power but with higher temporal resolution. Neuromorphic processors, which are designed to mimic the parallel processing capabilities of the human brain, offer efficient computation for real-time data processing of event-based data streams. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent research efforts in integrating event cameras and neuromorphic processors into VSLAM systems. It discusses the principles behind event cameras and neuromorphic processors, highlighting their advantages over traditional sensing and processing methods. Furthermore, an in-depth survey was conducted on state-of-the-art approaches in event-based SLAM, including feature extraction, motion estimation, and map reconstruction techniques. Additionally, the integration of event cameras with neuromorphic processors, focusing on their synergistic benefits in terms of energy efficiency, robustness, and real-time performance, was explored. The paper also discusses the challenges and open research questions in this emerging field, such as sensor calibration, data fusion, and algorithmic development. Finally, the potential applications and future directions for event-based SLAM systems are outlined, ranging from robotics and autonomous vehicles to augmented reality.

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Classification of human actions is an ongoing research problem in computer vision. This review is aimed to scope current literature on data fusion and action recognition techniques and to identify gaps and future research direction. Success in producing cost-effective and portable vision-based sensors has dramatically increased the number and size of datasets. The increase in the number of action recognition datasets intersects with advances in deep learning architectures and computational support, both of which offer significant research opportunities. Naturally, each action-data modality-such as RGB, depth, skeleton, and infrared (IR)-has distinct characteristics; therefore, it is important to exploit the value of each modality for better action recognition. In this paper, we focus solely on data fusion and recognition techniques in the context of vision with an RGB-D perspective. We conclude by discussing research challenges, emerging trends, and possible future research directions.

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A Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (HSWS) has been proven to be a reliable tool for the quantitative analysis of human ocular aberrations. In an active adaptive optics (AO) system, it has the role to monitor wave aberrations. To ensure the exclusive retrieval of Zernike coefficients for the measured ocular wavefronts, we first nullify the AO system's aberrations. This is of particular importance in our setup with a twisted-nematic (TN) liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) chip as the wavefront manipulator due to its strong unwanted zero-order diffractive beam. We characterize the AO system's performance-before and after ocular corrections-by means of different parameters, including experimental and simulated point spread functions (PSFs). An iterative closed-loop algorithm reduces the residual wavefront error to typical values of 0.1 mum. This system constitutes a wavefront corrector that can possibly be used for high resolution retinal imaging purposes or for visual psychophysical experiments.

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This paper presents a study of three important issues of the color pixel classification approach to skin segmentation: color representation, color quantization, and classification algorithm. Our analysis of several representative color spaces using the Bayesian classifier with the histogram technique shows that skin segmentation based on color pixel classification is largely unaffected by the choice of the color space. However, segmentation performance degrades when only chrominance channels are used in classification. Furthermore, we find that color quantization can be as low as 64 bins per channel, although higher histogram sizes give better segmentation performance. The Bayesian classifier with the histogram technique and the multilayer perceptron classifier are found to perform better compared to other tested classifiers, including three piecewise linear classifiers, three unimodal Gaussian classifiers, and a Gaussian mixture classifier.

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