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Introduction: Human semen analysis must be performed after the liquefaction of the ejaculate. This takes place about 30min after ejaculation and samples must be maintained in the lab during this time. The temperatures for this incubation and the final analysis of motility are crucial but seldom taken into account. This study aims to examine the effect of these temperatures on various sperm parameters both manually (sperm count, motility, morphology, viability, chromatin condensation and maturation and DNA fragmentation) and CASA (kinematics and morphometrics, using an ISAS®v1 CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph systems, respectively) analyzed. Methods: Seminal samples from thirteen donors were incubated for 10min at 37°C followed by additional 20min at either room temperature (RT, 23°C) or 37°C and then examined following WHO 2010 criteria. Results: The data obtained show that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the subjective sperm quality parameters with incubation temperature. On the other hand, the head sperm morphometric parameters were significantly higher after room temperature incubation showing, in addition, lower ellipticity (P<0.05). Furthermore, kinematic parameters were evaluated both at RT and 37°C for the two incubation temperatures. In general, the four temperature combinations showed that kinematic parameters followed this order: RT-RT Conclusions: Our results showed that temperature control during both incubation and analysis is needed for accurate semen analysis, recommending the use of 37°C during the entire process. (AU)

Introducción: El análisis de semen humano debe realizarse después de la licuefacción del eyaculado. Esto ocurre aproximadamente a los 30minutos después de la eyaculación. Las temperaturas para esta incubación y el análisis final de la motilidad son cruciales, pero rara vez se tienen en cuenta. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar el efecto de estas temperaturas en varios parámetros de los espermatozoides tanto de forma manual (recuento de espermatozoides, motilidad, morfología, viabilidad, condensación y maduración de la cromatina y fragmentación del ADN) como CASA (cinemática y morfometría, utilizando un CASA-Mot ISAS®v1 y Sistemas CASA-Morph, respectivamente) analizados. Métodos: Las muestras seminales de 13 donantes se incubaron durante 10minutos a 37°C, seguidas de 20minutos adicionales a temperatura ambiente (TA, 23°C) o a 37°C y luego se examinaron siguiendo los criterios de la OMS 2010. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos muestran que no hubo diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en los parámetros subjetivos de calidad del esperma con la temperatura de incubación. Por otro lado, los parámetros morfométricos de la cabeza de los espermatozoides fueron significativamente más altos después de la incubación a temperatura ambiente, mostrando, además, una elipticidad más baja (p<0,05). Además, los parámetros cinemáticos se evaluaron tanto a temperatura ambiente como a 37°C para las dos temperaturas de incubación. En general, las cuatro combinaciones de temperatura mostraron que los parámetros cinemáticos siguieron este orden: RT-RT < RT-37 < 37-37 < 37-RT (temperaturas de incubación y análisis, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados mostraron que el control de la temperatura durante la incubación y el análisis es necesario para un análisis de semen preciso, recomendando el uso de 37°C durante todo el proceso. (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Human semen analysis must be performed after the liquefaction of the ejaculate. This takes place about 30min after ejaculation and samples must be maintained in the lab during this time. The temperatures for this incubation and the final analysis of motility are crucial but seldom taken into account. This study aims to examine the effect of these temperatures on various sperm parameters both manually (sperm count, motility, morphology, viability, chromatin condensation and maturation and DNA fragmentation) and CASA (kinematics and morphometrics, using an ISAS®v1 CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph systems, respectively) analyzed. METHODS: Seminal samples from thirteen donors were incubated for 10min at 37°C followed by additional 20min at either room temperature (RT, 23°C) or 37°C and then examined following WHO 2010 criteria. RESULTS: The data obtained show that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the subjective sperm quality parameters with incubation temperature. On the other hand, the head sperm morphometric parameters were significantly higher after room temperature incubation showing, in addition, lower ellipticity (P<0.05). Furthermore, kinematic parameters were evaluated both at RT and 37°C for the two incubation temperatures. In general, the four temperature combinations showed that kinematic parameters followed this order: RT-RT

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BACKGROUND: Wind musicians suffer injuries resulting from muscle overuse and poor postural habits, often due to the lack of required physical fitness. For this reason, it is important to study and analyze the characteristics of their activity in order to select appropriate preventive exercises. METHODS: 10 clarinetists, who were experiencing joint pain due to instrumental practice, followed a specific program of physical activity, 3 times a week for 2 months. To assess postural changes after its implementation, the Langlade test and muscle pain scale were used at the beginning and the end of the program. RESULTS: The results show a significant decrease in perceived pain (p<0.001) and changes in the dorsal spine (p=0.001). Given the relationship between the improvement in the Langlade item, which refers to the correct position of the shoulder blades, and muscle pain, with a correlation level of 0.582, it can be said that a change in the shoulder girdle position leads to a decrease of pain in that area. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of 10 clarinetists, a regular program of physical activity for 9 weeks led to an observable change in posture and a reduction in pain using self-report measures.

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