RESUMEN
Cereals such as triticale may contain high levels of xylans and arabinoxylans, limiting its use in diets since they act as anti-nutritional factors. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the enzyme xylanase included in triticale-based diets on productive performance, digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality in growing-finishing rabbits. Eighty rabbits (New Zealand X California breed), 35 days old, with an average initial live weight of 821 ± 26 g, were used. Twenty animals for treatment were used in each one of the fourth experimental treatments: 0, 4000, 8000 and 12,000 XU/kg of xylanase inclusion (XilaBlend 6X). The rabbits were fed ad libitum and fecal excretion was collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, the rabbits were slaughtered and carcass characteristics and meat quality were measured. A higher (P < 0.05) live weight was observed in rabbits fed diets with the addition of xylanase enzyme on days 4 and 7 of the experimental period. On the other hand, in the average total tract digestibility of organic matter, no significant difference was observed, similar to what occurred in the carcass traits and nutritional quality of the meat. The inclusion of 8000 XU/kg of xylanase enzyme provided the best values of apparent digestibility of total tract protein and dry matter on the finished stage of rabbits.
Asunto(s)
Triticale , Animales , Conejos , Fitomejoramiento , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , CarneRESUMEN
The absorption of lysine is facilitated by leucine, but there is no information regarding the effect of crude protein, lysine and leucine levels on the expression of cationic amino acid transporters in pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with 20 pigs (14.9 +/- 0.62 kg initial body weight) to evaluate the effect of two protein levels, and the content of lysine, threonine, methionine and leucine in low crude protein diets on the expression of b(0,+) and CAT-1 mRNA in jejunum, Longissimus dorsi and Semitendinosus muscles and serum concentration of amino acids. Treatments were as follows: (i) wheat-soybean meal diet, 20% crude protein (Control); (ii) wheat diet deficient in lysine, threonine and methionine (Basal diet); (iii) Basal diet plus 0.70% L-lysine, 0.27% L-threonine, 0.10% DL-methionine (Diet LTM); (iv) Diet LTM plus 0.80% L-leucine (Diet LTM + Leu). Despite the Basal diet, all diets were formulated to meet the requirements of lysine, threonine and methionine; Diet LTM + Leu supplied 60% excess of leucine. The addition of lysine, threonine and methionine in Diet LTM increased the expression of b(0,+) in jejunum and CAT-1 in the Semitendinosus and Longissiums muscles and decreased CAT-1 in jejunum; the serum concentration of lysine was also increased (p < 0.01). Further addition of L-leucine (Diet LTM + Leu) decreased the b(0,+) expression in jejunum and CAT-1 in the Longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), increased the serum concentration ofleucine and arginine and decreased the concentration of isoleucine (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the Control diet expressed less b(0,+) in jejunum, and CAT-1 in the Semitendinosus and Longissiums muscles expressed more CAT-1 in jejunum (p < 0.05) and had lower serum concentration ofisoleucine, leucine and valine (p < 0.05), but higher lysine concentrations (p < 0.01) than those fed Diet LTM. These results indicated that both, the level and the source of dietary amino acids, affect the expression of cationic amino acid transporters in pigs fed wheat-based diets.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos Básicos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos/sangre , Porcinos/metabolismo , Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos Básicos/genética , Aminoácidos/sangre , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Se realizaron cuatro experimentos con 136 cerdos cruzados (Landrace-Hampshire-Duroc) para determinar el orden de los tres primeros aminóacidos limitantes (AAL) en trigo para cerdos en crecimiento y finalización. Los tratamientos consistieron en adiciones de lisina, treonina y/o metionina a dietas base y una dieta testigo. En el Exp. 1. lisina incrementó la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), consumo de alimento (CDA), lisina (CDL), treonina (CDT) y metionina (CDM), y mejoró la conversión alimenticia (C/G). La adición de treonina incrementó GDP y CDT, y mejoró C/G. Metionina incrementó el CDM, pero no afectó GDP o C/G. En el Exp. 2, treonina incrementó GDP y CDT, e incrementó C/G. La inclusión de metionina tendió a reducir GDP y a deprimir C/G. No hubo diferencias en GDP, CDA o C/G entre los cerdos bajo dieta base con lisina y treonina o dieta testigo; aunque los testigos tuvieron mayor CDT y CDM. En el Exp. 3, treonina sola no afectó GDP o C/G, pero combinada con metionina incrementó GDP y mejoró C/G. No hubo diferencias en GDP y C/G entre las dietas testigos y la adicionada con lisina y tronina. En el Exp. 4, treonina tendió a incrementar GDP y a mejorar C/G, mientras que metionina redujo GDP. La adición de treonina y metionina incrementó GDP, pero no afectó CDA ni C/G. Estos datos indican que, en trigo, lisina, y treonina son el primero y segundo AAL para cerdos en crecimiento y finalización. Metionina sola no limita el crecimiento de cerdos en dietas con base trigo, pero parece potenciar la respuesta de treonina en cerdos de finalización. Lisina y treonina pueden sustituir la pasta de soya en dietas con base trigo para cerdos en crecimiento y finalización.