RESUMEN
Chlorine is a common disinfectant used in water treatment. However, its reaction with organic matter can lead to the formation of harmful byproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which are potentially carcinogenic. To address this issue, the aim of this work was to enhance a colorimetric method capable of quantifying THMs in drinking water through UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, using cost-effective equipment, and validate this methodology for the first time according to established validation protocols. The method's innovation involved replacing the solvent pentane with the more common hexane, along with adjusting the heating ramp, elucidating the mechanisms involved in the process. This method involves the reaction between THMs, pyridine, and NaOH to produce a colored compound, which is then monitored through molecular absorption spectroscopy in the visible region. The method was thoroughly validated, achieving a limit of detection of 13.41 µg L-1 and a limit of quantification of 40.65 µg L-1. Recovery assays ranged from 86.1 % to 90.7 %, demonstrating high accuracy. The quality of the linear fit for the analytical curve exceeded R2 > 0.98. The method was applied to real samples, revealing concentrations ranging from 13.58 to 55.46 µg L-1, all way below the legal limit in Brazil (Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) = 100 µg L-1). This cost-effective and straightforward method is suitable for integration into water treatment plant laboratories.
Asunto(s)
Agua Potable , Trihalometanos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Trihalometanos/análisis , Agua Potable/análisis , Agua Potable/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Límite de Detección , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Colorimetría/métodosRESUMEN
Aim: This study aimed to enhance the aqueous dissolution of SRPK inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide (SRPIN340).Materials & Methods: A complex with p-sulfonic calix[6]arene (Host) and SRPIN340 (Guest) was prepared, studied via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and theoretical calculations and biologically evaluated on cancer cell lines.Results & conclusion: The 1:1 host (H)/guest (G) complex significantly enhanced the aqueous dissolution of SRPIN340, achieving 64.8% water solubility as determined by 1H NMR quantification analysis. The H/G complex reduced cell viability by 75% for HL60, â¼50% for Nalm6 and Jurkat, and â¼30% for B16F10 cells. It exhibited greater cytotoxicity than free SRPIN340 against Jurkat and B16F10 cells. Theoretical studies indicated hydrogen bond stabilization of the complex, suggesting broader applicability of SRPIN340 across diverse biological systems.
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Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Calixarenos , Supervivencia Celular , Calixarenos/química , Calixarenos/farmacología , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Ratones , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Animales , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácidos Sulfónicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estructura Molecular , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Because of its precision and accuracy, Pb-Fire assay is the most employed method for gold analysis in geological materials. At the second stage of the method, namely cupellation, lead is oxidized to PbO which is absorbed by the cupel, leading to metallic gold as a tiny bend at the bottom of the recipient. After cupellation, cupel becomes highly contaminated with lead, making its disposal a serious risk of environmental contamination. In the present work, a leaching process for removing lead from cupel waste is proposed, which allowed for removing 96% of PbO by weight. After a precipitation step, 92.0% of lead was recovered from leachates in the form of PbSO4. Lead in the solid wastes left by the extraction was above the limit established by Brazilian legislation and these were classified as non-hazardous. Finally, secondary effluents generated after the precipitation step presented lead content more than twenty times lower than that of leachates from cupel waste. Tons of cupel waste are annually generated from gold analysis by Pb-Fire assay. Thus, the proposed method can contribute to prevent the discharge of high amounts of lead into the environment. Also, recovery of lead can help to partially meet the industrial demand for lead compounds.