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Based on a recently developed model of creative cognition, we tested in two studies, the relationships between creative potential, self-evaluations, metacognitive feelings, and growth and fixed mindsets in creative action. In both studies, participants (N = 491, mean = 21.57, SD = 2.78 and N = 280, 94% between the ages of 18 and 25 years, respectively, for studies 1 and 2) first completed a divergent thinking task, followed by an assessment of metacognitive feelings, self-evaluations of the creativity of the ideas generated (only in study 2), and creative mindsets while knowing that a second divergent thinking task was coming. Results showed that creative mindsets were sensitive to variations in creative potential, self-evaluations, and metacognitive feelings when examined in creative action. Specifically, studies 1 and 2 showed positive relationships between metacognitive feelings and growth mindsets. Results from study 2 showed positive relationships between self-evaluations of the idea generated and growth mindsets. For fixed mindsets, the creative potential of task 1 had a negative relationship in study 1 and a negative relationship between fixed mindsets and the creative potential of task 2 in study 2. The implications for creative metacognition were explored.

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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the indirect influence of recalling the consumption of types of gifts, experiential and material, on gratitude by increasing autonomy support. In addition, we tested the conditional influence of the presumed motives of gift-givers from the perspective of gift recipients based on the postulates of Self-Determination Theory. First, participants were randomly to assigned to one of the following conditions: Consumption-of-experiential gift or consumption-of-material gift conditions. After, participants filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing autonomy support and gratitude. Results showed that the consumption of experiential gifts was construed as more autonomy supportive than the consumption of their material counterparts, which then had a positive relationship with gratitude. In experiment two, we tested the proposed mediator, autonomy support, by asking participants to either recall the consumption of the gift that was consistent with their true values or the consumption of an ordinary gift and completed a set of questions assessing autonomy support and gratitude. Results showed that recalling a gift consistent with consumers' true values led to higher levels of autonomy support than recalling an ordinary gift, which was then positively correlated with gratitude. In the third experiment, we conducted a conceptual replication of experiment one and added the examination of the presumed motives of gift-givers as a potential moderator. Results replicated the significant mediation effect found in study 1 and showed that the conditional indirect effect was stronger when gift recipients attributed integrated motives to the gift-givers. The findings were discussed.

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Abstract Introduction: While social enterprises meet human needs and create social value, they need to focus on value creation, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, as they can facilitate the generation of long-term relationships with the social enterprise and its survival. Objective: This research explores the effect of life purpose on customer value creation and its influence on satisfaction and loyalty among customers of social firms operating in the service sector in two Mexican cities, Puebla and Jalapa, both located in the Centre-East of Mexico. Materials and methods: An explanatory and cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 392 active customers. Structural equation modelling was used treating all variables as latent. Results: It was found that purpose in life was a significant and positive antecedent of customer value creation. In addition, customer value creation had a substantial effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Conclusions: The findings have implications for understanding the complexity of value creation in social firms focused on the delivery of services and the nature and dimensionality of customer value creation for social enterprises and its positive impact on customer retention. The results can help academics and social enterprises to develop better strategies to meet the needs of consumers belonging to vulnerable groups.

Resumen Introducción: Si bien las empresas sociales satisfacen las necesidades humanas y crean valor social, necesitan enfocarse en la creación de valor, la satisfacción y la lealtad del cliente, ya que pueden facilitar la generación de relaciones a largo plazo con la empresa social y su supervivencia. Objetivo: Esta investigación explora la influencia del propósito de vida en la creación de valor para el cliente y su influencia en la satisfacción y lealtad de los clientes de empresas sociales que operan en el sector de servicios en dos ciudades mexicanas, Puebla y Jalapa, ambas ubicadas en el centro-este de México. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación explicativa y transversal con 392 clientes activos. Se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales tratando todas las variables como latentes. Resultados: Se descubrió que el propósito en la vida era un antecedente positivo y significativo de la creación de valor para el cliente. Además, la creación de valor para el cliente tuvo una influencia significativa en la satisfacción y lealtad del cliente. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para comprender la complejidad de la creación de valor en las firmas sociales enfocadas en la provisión de servicios y la naturaleza y dimensionalidad de la creación de valor para el cliente para empresas sociales y su impacto positivo en la retención de clientes. Los resultados pueden ayudar a académicos y empresas sociales a desarrollar mejores estrategias para la atención de las necesidades de compradores pertenecientes a grupos vulnerables.

Resumo Introdução: Embora as empresas sociais atendam às necessidades humanas e criem valor social, elas precisam concentrar-se na criação de valor, na satisfação do cliente e na lealdade, pois podem facilitar a geração de relacionamentos de longo prazo com a empresa social e sua sobrevivência. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa explora a influência do propósito de vida na criação de valor para o cliente e sua influência na satisfação e lealdade de clientes de empresas sociais que operam no setor de serviços em duas cidades mexicanas, Puebla e Jalapa, ambas localizadas no centro-leste do México. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma investigação explicativa e transversal com 392 clientes ativos. Foi utilizado um modelo de equações estruturais, tratando todas as variáveis como latentes. Resultados: O propósito de vida foi considerado um antecedente positivo e significativo para a criação de valor para o cliente. Além disso, esta última variável teve uma influência significativa na satisfação e lealdade do cliente. Conclusões: Os resultados têm implicações para a compreensão da complexidade da criação de valor em empresas sociais que operam no setor de serviços e a natureza e dimensionalidade da criação de valor para o cliente para empresas sociais e seu impacto positivo na retenção de clientes. Os resultados podem ajudar acadêmicos e empresas sociais a desenvolver melhores estratégias para pertencentes a grupos vulneráveis.

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Resumen El engaño en la publicidad es una práctica que ha ido en aumento para lograr la venta de productos y servicios e implica un asunto ético. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar la relación del escepticismo en la publicidad del "Buen Fin" y la percepción de engaño en dicha publicidad y su efecto en la actitud hacia la misma, la credibilidad en los anuncios y la intención de compra de los millennials. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, explicativa y transversal a 392 millennials radicados en la Ciudad de México. Los resultados mostraron que, efectivamente, el escepticismo en la publicidad del "Buen Fin" incrementará la percepción de engaño en la misma y ambos parámetros influirán negativamente en forma indirecta en la intención de compra, ya que la confiabilidad en el producto queda en duda.

Abstract Deception in advertising is a practice that has been increasing to achieve the sale of products and services and involves an ethical issue. The objective of this work was to examine the relationship of skepticism and the perception of deception in the advertising of "Buen Fin" and its effect on the attitude, credibility on advertisements, and purchase intention of millennials. A quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional research was conducted on 392 millennials living in Mexico City. The results showed that, indeed, skepticism on "Buen Fin" advertising will increase deception perception and both parameters will negatively influence indirectly purchase intention, since the reliability of the product is in doubt.

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Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19, los beneficios y las barreras percibidas de la vacunación, y la actitud hacia la vacunación sobre la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en la población de 40 años en adelante en México. Métodos Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y explicativa. Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica a 703 personas de 40 años en adelante que residen en México. El análisis de resultados se realizó a través de la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales por medio del método de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Resultados Las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19 influyen positivamente sobre los beneficios percibidos de la vacuna y disminuyen las barreras percibidas. Además, los beneficios percibidos influyen positivamente sobre la actitud hacia la vacunación de COVID-19; sin embargo, las barreras no afectan la actitud. Adicionalmente, esta última influye en la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 e, indirectamente, las fuentes de información y los beneficios percibidos influyen sobre la intención a vacunarse mediados por la actitud.

Objective To evaluate the effect of information sources on COVID-19, the benefits and perceived barriers of vaccination, and the attitude towards vaccination on the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the population aged 40 and over in Mexico. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional and explanatory investigation was developed. An electronic survey was applied to 703 people aged 40 and over who reside in Mexico. The analysis of results was carried out through the technique of structural equations by means of the method of partial least squares. Results The sources of information on COVID-19 positively influence the perceived benefits of the vaccine and reduce the perceived barriers. Furthermore, the perceived benefits positively influence the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination; however, barriers do not affect attitude. Additionally, the latter influences the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and indirectly the sources of information and the perceived benefits influence the intention to be vaccinated mediated by the attitude.

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In one experiment, we tested the influence of bringing to mind the memory of a special moment versus an ordinary moment from high school on gratitude and the relationship between gratitude and optimism. Participants were first asked to report how the current pandemic has affected their lives. After, participants were randomly assigned to either recalling a special moment from their high school years or recalling an ordinary event from the same life period. Participants then completed a battery of questionnaires assessing gratitude, optimism and some demographics. Results showed a positive influence of bringing to mind the memory of a special moment on gratitude. Gratitude was then positively related to optimism. Hence, the positive relationship between recalling a special event and optimism was mediated by gratitude. Our results showed that brief interventions might help individuals see a brighter future under the current difficult conditions of prolonged lockdowns.

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In four studies, we tested the influence of type of purchase on autonomy support and the relationships between autonomy support, gratitude, and ease of justification. In each of the three studies, participants were randomly assigned to either the experiential purchase condition or the material purchase condition. In our fourth and last study, participants were assigned to an either autonomy supportive purchase condition or ordinary purchase condition. Results from study 1 showed a positive direct influence of experiential purchases on autonomy support and a direct and indirect significant relationship with gratitude. Results from study 2 with a sample of older consumers showed a positive influence of experiential purchases on autonomy support and a direct and indirect positive relationship with gratitude. In study 3, consumers who brought to mind an expensive experiential purchase reported higher autonomy support than participants who brought to mind an expensive material purchase and this experimental effect had an indirect positive relationship with gratitude and ease of justification. Last, consumers who brought to mind a purchase that truly reflected who they were reported higher levels of autonomy support than consumers who reported an ordinary purchase and this elicited autonomy had a positive relationship with gratitude. The implications of the results were discussed.

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In two experiments, we tested the influence of bringing to mind a memory of a special moment versus an ordinary moment on nostalgia and whether this elicited nostalgia was related directly to gratitude and the satisfaction of need for relatedness and indirectly to optimism and vitality. Participants from Mexico were first asked to state how the pandemic of COVID-19 has affected their lives. After, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Memory of special moment versus memory of ordinary recent moment (study 1) or memory of special moment versus or memory of ordinary moment from the same life period as the special moment (study 2). After, participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing nostalgia, gratitude and optimism (study 1) or nostalgia, satisfaction of need for relatedness, and vitality (study 2). Results from study 1 showed a positive influence of bringing to mind a special moment on nostalgia. Nostalgia was positively related to gratitude, which was then related positively to optimism. Similarly, results from study 2 showed a positive influence of bringing to mind a special moment on nostalgia. Nostalgia was positively related to satisfaction of need for relatedness, which then had a positive relationship with vitality. In both studies, the indirect sequential effect of bringing to mind a special moment on optimism and vitality was significant.

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BACKGROUND: The characteristics of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus increased the need to implement prevention measures, in order to avoid its spread; therefore, there is an interest in the risk perception and an intention in people to adopt protective measures against COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To show the causal factors that contribute to a high/low perception of risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quantitative, analytical and explanatory exploratory study was carried out with a crosssectional design. To collect data, a self-access survey was designed, using the Dimensional Assessment of Perceived Risk procedure, based on the psychometric paradigm. For data analysis, the classification tree method was utilized. RESULTS: The descriptive analysis indicated that the surveyed population had a concern about the pandemic of 3.8 on a scale ranging from 1 to 5, which shows a medium-high perception of COVID-19 risk; however, respondents underestimated their personal risk (vulnerability) in relation to that of others. The classification tree analysis showed that the independent variables that contribute directly to the global perception of risk are the severity of the pandemic, vulnerability and catastrophic power. CONCLUSIONS: It was found a positive effect: The greater perception of severity, and susceptibility to acquiring the virus, the more taking of preventive measures.

INTRODUCCIÓN: las características de transmisión del virus SARS-CoV-2 incrementaron la necesidad de implementar medidas de prevención a fin de evitar su propagación; por lo tanto, hay un interés en la percepción de riesgo y una intención de la población para adoptar las medidas de protección frente a la COVID-19. OBJETIVO: evidenciar los factores causales que contribuyen a una percepción alta/baja del riesgo de la pandemia de COVID-19. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se hizo una investigación exploratoria cuantitativa, analítica y explicativa con diseño transversal. Se diseñó una encuesta de autoacceso con el procedimiento de Evaluación Dimensional del Riesgo Percibido, basado en el paradigma psicométrico. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica árboles de clasificación. RESULTADOS: el análisis descriptivo indicó que los encuestados tienen una preocupación por la pandemia de 3.8 en una escala de 1 a 5, que evidencia una percepción media-alta del riesgo de la pandemia de COVID-19; sin embargo, subestiman su riesgo personal (vulnerabilidad) en relación con el de los demás. Del análisis con árboles de clasificación, seobtuvo que las variables independientes que contribuyen directamente a la percepción global de riesgo son la gravedad de la pandemia, la vulnerabilidad y el poder catastrófico. CONCLUSIONES: se encontró un efecto positivo: cuanto mayor es la percepción de severidad del virus y la susceptibilidad de contraerlo, hay una mayor toma de medidas preventivas.

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Introducción: las características de transmisión del virus SARS-CoV-2 incrementaron la necesidad de implementar medidas de prevención a fin de evitar su propagación; por lo tanto, hay un interés en la percepción de riesgo y una intención de la población para adoptar las medidas de protección frente a la COVID-19. Objetivo: evidenciar los factores causales que contribuyen a una percepción alta/baja del riesgo de la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y métodos: se hizo una investigación exploratoria cuantitativa, analítica y explicativa con diseño transversal. Se diseñó una encuesta de autoacceso con el procedimiento de Evaluación Dimensional del Riesgo Percibido, basado en el paradigma psicométrico. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica árboles de clasificación. Resultados: el análisis descriptivo indicó que los encuestados tienen una preocupación por la pandemia de 3.8 en una escala de 1 a 5, que evidencia una percepción media-alta del riesgo de la pandemia de COVID-19; sin embargo, subestiman su riesgo personal (vulnerabilidad) en relación con el de los demás. Del análisis con árboles de clasificación, se obtuvo que las variables independientes que contribuyen directamente a la percepción global de riesgo son la gravedad de la pandemia, la vulnerabilidad y el poder catastrófico. Conclusiones: se encontró un efecto positivo: cuanto mayor es la percepción de severidad del virus y la susceptibilidad de contraerlo, hay una mayor toma de medidas preventivas.

Background: The characteristics of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus increased the need to implement prevention measures, in order to avoid its spread; therefore, there is an interest in the risk perception and an intention in people to adopt protective measures against COVID-19. Objective: To show the causal factors that contribute to a high/low perception of risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: A quantitative, analytical and explanatory exploratory study was carried out with a cross-sectional design. To collect data, a self-access survey was designed, using the Dimensional Assessment of Perceived Risk procedure, based on the psychometric paradigm. For data analysis, the classification tree method was utilized. Results: The descriptive analysis indicated that the surveyed population had a concern about the pandemic of 3.8 on a scale ranging from 1 to 5, which shows a medium-high perception of COVID-19 risk; however, respondents underestimated their personal risk (vulnerability) in relation to that of others. The classification tree analysis showed that the independent variables that contribute directly to the global perception of risk are the severity of the pandemic, vulnerability and catastrophic power. Conclusions: It was found a positive effect: The greater perception of severity, and susceptibility to acquiring the virus, the more taking of preventive measures.

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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with different illnesses and emotional disorders such as stress. Traditional fermented foods that are rich in probiotics suggest modulation of dysbiosis, which protects against stress-induced disorders. The academic stress was evaluated in medical students using the SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress before and after ingestion of an aguamiel-based beverage fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus brevis (n = 27) and a control group (n = 18). In addition, microbial phyla in feces were quantified by qPCR. The results showed that the consumption of 100 mL of a beverage fermented with lactic acid bacteria (3 × 108 cfu/mL) for 8 weeks significantly reduced academic stress (p = 0.001), while the control group (placebo intervention) had no significant changes in the perception of academic stress (p = 0.607). Significant change (p = 0.001) was shown in the scores for environmental demands, and physical and psychological factors. Consumption of the fermented beverage significantly increased the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes but not Gammaproteobacteria. No significant changes were found in the control group, except for a slight increase in the phylum Firmicutes. The intake of this fermented beverage suggest a modulation of gut microbiota and possible reduction in stress-related symptoms in university students, without changing their lifestyle or diet.

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Resumen Introducción. En un entorno cada vez más competitivo las organizaciones necesitan identificar variables clave que pueden influir en la decisión y el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores. Objetivo. de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia de la religiosidad y la orientación política sobre el valor utilitario, emocional y social percibidos atribuidos por los consumidores a los productos y servicios ofrecidos por empresas socialmente responsables. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa aplicándose una encuesta personal a 528 consumidores. Resultados. Se encontró que el nivel de religiosidad influye en las tres dimensiones del valor percibido, donde, a mayor nivel de religiosidad de los consumidores, mayor el valor percibido atribuido a los productos y servicios en cuestión. Sin embargo, el nivel de religiosidad influye en las tres dimensiones del valor percibido. Sin embargo, la orientación política influye solamente en el valor emocional, tanto en consumidores autodefinidos como de izquierda como de derecha. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos pueden ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones de marketing de las empresas a saber que el nivel de religiosidad y la orientación política de sus consumidores, tanto potenciales como actuales, pueden, de hecho, tener un impacto en el valor percibido de los consumidores sobre sus ofertas y deben tenerse en cuenta en la creación de sus estrategias, campañas y mensajes.

Abstract Introduction. In an increasingly competitive environment organizations need to identify key variables that can influence the decision and buying behavior of consumers. Objective. was to analyze the influence of religiosity and political orientation on the perceived utilitarian, emotional and social value attributed by consumers to the products and services offered by socially responsible companies. Materials and methods. A quantitative investigation was carried out applying a personal survey to 528 consumers. Results. It was found that the level of religiosity of the participants influences all three dimensions of perceived value, that is, at a higher level of religiosity the consumers perceive greater perceived value in sustainable products and services. However, political orientation only has an influence on the emotional value in consumers, whether they self-identified as right-wing or left-wing. Conclusions. The findings can help the decision makers of the marketing aspects of the firms know that the level of religiosity and the political orientation of their consumers, both potential or current, can, in fact, have an impact on the perceived value of consumers about their offerings and it should be considered in the creation of their strategies, campaigns and messaging.

Resumo Introdução. Em um ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações precisam identificar variáveis-chave que possam influenciar a decisão e o comportamento de compra dos consumidores. Objetivo. Portanto, esta pesquisa analisou a influência da religiosidade e da orientação política no valor utilitário, emocional e social percebido atribuído pelos consumidores aos produtos e serviços de empresas socialmente responsáveis. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizada uma investigação quantitativa a 528 consumidores. Resultados. Verificou-se que o nível de religiosidade influencia as três dimensões do valor percebido, ou seja, em um nível mais alto de religiosidade, os consumidores percebem maior valor percebido em produtos e serviços. No entanto, a orientação política influencia apenas o valor emocional, tanto em consumidores auto-definidos quanto na esquerda e na direita. Conclusões. As descobertas podem ajudar os tomadores de decisão de marketing das empresas a saberem que o nível de religiosidade e orientação política de seus consumidores, tanto potencial quanto atuais, podem, de fato, ter um impacto na percepção do valor dos consumidores sobre suas ofertas e devem ser levados em consideração ao criar suas estratégias, campanhas e mensagens.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del riesgo y las normas sociales percibidos sobre la COVID-19 y sobre la intención de vacunarse si se contara con una vacuna para prevenir la infección. Métodos Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, explicativa y con diseño transversal. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado aplicado de manera electrónica a habitantes de más de 18 años de edad en el estado de Puebla, en México. Se utilizó un análisis con ecuaciones estructurales para identificar los efectos entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados Tanto la severidad como la susceptibilidad percibidas al contraer COVID-19 tuvieron un efecto positivo sobre las normas sociales percibidas sobre el virus. Mientras la severidad percibida tuvo un efecto positivo sobre la intención de vacunarse, la susceptibilidad percibida resultó no significativa sobre la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19. Conclusiones La intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 es afectada por la severidad y las normas sociales percibidas por contraer la infección. Sin embargo, la susceptibilidad percibida ante el virus no tiene un efecto sobre la intención de vacunarse.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of perceived risk and social norms on COVID-19 and on the intention to be vaccinated if a vaccine were available to prevent infection. Methods A quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional research was developed. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire applied electronically to inhabitants over 18 years of age in the state of Puebla in Mexico. An analysis with structural equations was used to identify the effects among the constructs studied. Results The results showed that both the perceived severity and susceptibility of contracting COVID-19 had a positive effect on the perceived social norms about the virus. Also, while the perceived severity had a positive effect on the intention to vaccinate, the perceived susceptibility was not significant on the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Conclusion Intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is affected by the severity and perceived social norms of contracting the infection. However, the perceived susceptibility to the virus does not have an effect on the intention to be vaccinated.(AU)

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This investigation examined the role of mindsets in team trust after a major loss. It is proposed that individuals can believe that personal characteristics are fixed and that there is not much one can do about it (a fixed mindset) or that personal characteristics are malleable and that one can improve (a growth mindset). The participants, self-identified football fans, were shown a picture of a major loss experienced by the Mexican national team and then answered questions that assessed the participants' team trust, intention to provide future support, and mindsets. We conceptualised mindsets as latent variables and classes to test our hypotheses. The results from the latent variable model showed a significant, positive influence of a growth mindset on team trust. Similarly, the results from the latent class model showed that the class characterised by high levels of a growth mindset was more likely to trust the national team. Regarding intentions to provide future support to the national team, a growth mindset had an indirect, positive effect through its influence on team trust. Similarly, the class with high levels of a growth mindset was more likely to support the national team in the future. The implications for social psychology and consumer behaviour are discussed.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of perceived risk and social norms on COVID-19 and on the intention to be vaccinated if a vaccine were available to prevent infection. METHODS: A quantitative, explanatory and cross-sectional research was developed. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire applied electronically to inhabitants over 18 years of age in the state of Puebla in Mexico. An analysis with structural equations was used to identify the effects among the constructs studied. RESULTS: The results showed that both the perceived severity and susceptibility of contracting COVID-19 had a positive effect on the perceived social norms about the virus. Also, while the perceived severity had a positive effect on the intention to vaccinate, the perceived susceptibility was not significant on the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is affected by the severity and perceived social norms of contracting the infection. However, the perceived susceptibility to the virus does not have an effect on the intention to be vaccinated.

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In 2 studies, we tested what we considered to be the core of Procter and Gamble™ (P&G™) latest branding strategy: making the association between its corporate brand and its product brands explicit. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the conditions: explicit association between P&G™ and one of its product brands and a control condition. Results from Study 1 showed a positive influence of the corporate brand on judgements of brand quality for Crest™. Similarly, results from Study 2 showed a positive influence of the corporate brand on judgements of brand quality and trust for Oral-B™. From a multidisciplinary perspective, we discussed the theoretical and applied implications of our results.

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Objetivo: Analizar el autoconcepto físico y general, la preocupación por la apariencia física y la obesidad, así como los hábitos alimentarios en el contexto escolar, en niños entre 9 y 13 años de edad de dos contextos con alta marginación en México. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación de tipo mixto, no experimental, descriptiva y transversal en dos etapas: en la primera se utilizó el método de encuesta y en la segunda se usaron evidencias fotográficas y la opinión de una experta en biotecnología alimentaria. Participaron 490 estudiantes de 5º y 6º grado de Educación Primaria. Resultados: Se encontraron autoconceptos general y físico positivos en los niños, con muy pocas diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas. Aunque los niños de ambos sexos presentan pesos y estaturas normales para su edad, existe marcada preocupación e interés por la obesidad, pero también una dinámica de consumo alimentario en el contexto escolar con alto contenido calórico, pobre en nutrientes y que promueve estilos de vida obesogénicos. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la complejidad en la percepción subjetiva de los alumnos respecto a su autoconcepto y sus hábitos alimentarios. Se enfatiza la necesidad de diseñar estrategias educativas de manera transversal, a fin de transformar ideas equivocadas en los niños sobre la imagen personal, la de los otros y de hábitos alimentarios saludables.

Objective: To analyze physical and general self-concept, concern about physical appearance and obesity as well as eating habits in the school context, in children between 9 and 13 years old in two highly marginalized contexts in Mexico. Materials and Methods: Mixed, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation in two stages: in the first stage a survey technique was used and the in the second stage photographic evidence and the opinion of an expert in food biotechnology were used. A total of 490 fifth and sixth grade elementary school students participated. Results: Positive general and physical self-concept in children was found, with very few significant differences between boys and girls. Although children of both sexes have normal weights and heights according to their age, there is a great concern and interest in obesity, but also food consumption dynamic in the school context with high caloric content, poor in nutrients and that promotes obesogenic lifestyles. Conclusions: Complexity in the perception of the students regarding their self-concept and eating habits is evident. The need to design educational strategies in a cross-curricular manner to transform children’s wrong ideas about the self image, that of others and healthy eating habits, is emphasized.

Objetivo: Analisar o autoconceito físico e geral, a preocupação pela aparência física e a obesidades, assim como os hábitos alimentarias no contexto escolar, em crianças entre 9 e 13 anos de idade de dois contextos com alta marginação em México. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa de tipo misto, não experimental, descritiva e transversal em duas etapas: na primeira se utilizou o método de enquete e na segunda se usaram evidencias fotográficas e a opinião de uma experta em biotecnologia alimentaria. Com participação de 490 estudantes de 5º e 6º grado de Educação Primaria. Resultados: Encontraram se autoconceitos geral e físico positivos nas crianças, com muito poucas diferencias significativas entre meninos e meninas. Porém as crianças dos dois sexos apresentam pesos e estaturas normais para sua idade, existe marcada preocupação e interesse pela obesidade, mas também uma dinâmica de consumo de alimentos no contexto escolar com alto conteúdo calórico, pobre em nutrientes e que promove estilos de vida obesogênicos. Conclusões: Evidencia se a complexidade na percepção subjetiva dos alunos respeito a seu autoconceito e seus hábitos alimentares. Enfatiza se a necessidade de desenhar estratégias educativas de maneira transversal, a fim de transformar idéias equivocadas nas crianças sobre a imagem pessoal, dos outros e de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.

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In Mexico, regular participation in mammography screening is low, despite higher survival rates. The objective of our research is to highlight healthcare procedures to be optimized and target areas to encourage investment and to raise awareness about the benefits of early diagnosis. Those socio-ecological factors (community, interpersonal and individual) were collected through a review of literature and based on the spatial interaction model of mammography use developed by Mobley et al. The opinion of diverse groups of experts on the importance of those factors was collected by survey. The Fuzzy Delphi Method helped to solve the inherent uncertainty of the survey process. Our findings suggest that population health behaviors, proximity-density to facilities/ physicians and predisposing factors are needed to increase the screening rate. Variations in expert group size could affect the accuracy of the conclusions. However, the application of the enhanced aggregation method provided a group consensus that is less susceptible to misinterpretation and that weighs the opinion of each expert according to their clinical experience in mammography research.

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Analizar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las normas subjetivas como predictores de la intención de realizar comportamientos preventivos en hijos de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en dos ciudades del estado de Hidalgo, México. Métodos: Se trata de um estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de naturaleza analítica y transversal. A través de uma muestra probabilística de dos etapas, 246 hijos (entre 15 y 59 años de edad) de pacientes apuntados en un programa de diabetes en el servicio de seguridad social fueron encuestados de manera personal. Resultados: Se observó que la reducción del riesgo de contraer diabetes afecta la intención de desarrollar comportamientos preventivos mediada por la actitud hacia la prevención (p=0,000) que es el predictor más importante de tal intención (p=0,000). Las normas subjetivas también tienen un impacto significativo en la intención del comportamiento preventivo (p=0,000), aunque la actitud hacia la prevención no es afectada por las creencias sobre la obtención (p=0,095) y la gravedad de la enfermedad (p=0,056). Conclusión: La aplicación del modelo permitió identificar aspectos relevantes para apoyar la promoción de la salud orientada a influir en los procesos de cambio de comportamiento social en uma población con el riesgo de contraer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en México...

Analisar os conhecimentos, atitudes e normas subjetivas como preditores da intenção de realizar comportamentos preventivos em filhos de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em duas cidades do estado de Hidalgo, México. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, não experimental, de natureza analítica e transversal. Através de um tipo de amostragem probabilística de duas etapas, 246 filhos (entre 15 e 59 anos) de pacientes inscritos em um programa de diabetes no serviço de segurança social foram entrevistados de maneira pessoal. Resultados: Observou-se que a redução do risco de contrair diabetes afeta a intenção de desenvolver comportamentos preventivos mediados pela atitude para a prevenção (p=0,000), que é o preditor mais importante da intenção (p=0,000). As normas subjetivas também têm um impacto significativo na intenção do comportamento preventivo (p=0,000), embora a atitude de prevenção não seja afetada por teorias sobre a obtenção (p=0,095) e gravidade da doença (p=0,056). Conclusão: A aplicação do modelo permitiu identificar aspectos relevantes para apoiar a promoção da saúde, orientada a influir nos processos de mudança do comportamento social em uma população com o risco de contrair Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 no México...

To analyze beliefs, attitudes and subjective norms as predictors of preventive behavioral intention in offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two cities in the state of Hidaldo, Mexico. Methods: This is a quantitative, nonexperimental, explanatory and cross-sectional study. Through a two-stage probabilistic sample, 246 subjects (between 15 and 59 years old) whose parents were enrolled in a diabetes program in the social security service were interviewed in a personal manner. Results: It was observed that the reduction in the risk of developing diabetes affects the intent of developing preventive behaviors mediated by attitude toward prevention (p=0.000), which is the most important predictor of that intention (p=0.000). Subjective norms also have a significant impact on the preventive behavioral intention (p=0.000), although the preventive attitude is not affected by beliefs regarding the development (p=0.095) and severity of the disease (p=0.056). Conclusion: The application of the model allowed the identification of relevant aspects to support health promotion, oriented to influence the processes of change in social behavior, in a population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico...

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