RESUMEN
The present study addresses the microbiome of the first whale fall (YOKO 16) that has been described in the deep sea in the southern Atlantic Ocean (São Paulo Plateau; 4204â¯m depth), in terms of its metabolic uniqueness. Sets of ten thousand protein sequences from YOKO 16 and 29 public domain metagenomes (SRA and GenBank databases) that represent various marine, terrestrial and gut-associated microbial communities were analyzed. The determination of protein functionality, based on the KAAS server, indicated that the YOKO 16 microbiome has industrially-relevant proteins, such as proteases and lipases, that have low similarity (~50%) with previously-described enzymes. The amino acid usage in the YOKO 16 protein sequences (based on blastp and Clustal analysis) revealed a pattern of preference similar to that of extremophiles, with an increased usage of polar, charged and acidic amino acids and a decreased usage of nonpolar residues. We concluded that the targeted microbiome is of potential biotechnological use, which justifies the allocation of resources for the discovery of enzymes in deep-sea whale fall communities.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Metagenoma , Microbiota , Selección Genética , Ballenas/microbiología , Animales , Océano Atlántico , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Here we present the synthesis of the dinuclear complex [Cu(II)2(L)Cl3] (1), where L is the deprotonated form of the 3-[(4,7-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde ligand. The complex was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, potentiometric titration, mass spectrometry, electrochemical and magnetic measurements, EPR, UV-Vis and IR. Complex 1 is able to increase the hydrolysis rate of the diester bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate (2,4-BDNPP) by a factor of 2700, and also to promote the plasmidial DNA cleavage at pH 6 and to inhibit the formazan chromophore formation in redox processes at pH 7. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4741) as a eukaryotic cellular model, we observed that 1 presents reduced cytotoxicity. In addition, treatment of wild-type and mutant cells lacking Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1) and cytoplasmic catalase (Ctt1) with 1 promotes increased survival after H2O2 or menadione (O2Ë(-) generator) stress, indicating that 1 might act as a Sod1 and Ctt1 mimetic. Considered together, these results support considerations regarding the dynamic behaviour of an unsymmetrical dinuclear copper(II) complex in solid state and in aqueous pH-dependent solution.
Asunto(s)
Complejos de Coordinación/química , Cobre/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Materiales Biomiméticos/síntesis química , Materiales Biomiméticos/metabolismo , Materiales Biomiméticos/farmacología , Catálisis , Complejos de Coordinación/metabolismo , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , ADN/química , ADN/metabolismo , División del ADN , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Ligandos , Magnetismo , Conformación Molecular , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Cellulase is a group of enzymes (endoglucanase, exoglucanase and beta-glucosidase) required for cellulosic feedstock hydrolysis during bioethanol production. The use of recombinant cellulase is a strategy to reduce the enzyme cost. In this context, the present work describes the construction of a cellulase expression vector (pEglABglA), which allowed constitutive co-expression of endoglucanase A (EglA) from an endophytic Bacillus pumilus and the hyperthermophilic beta-glucosidase A (BglA) from Fervidobacterium sp. in Escherichia coli. When compared to the non-modified strain DH5 alpha, the recombinant Escherichia coli DH5 alpha (pEglABglA) reduced fivefold the viscosity of the carboxymethylcellulose medium (CMC-M). Also, it presented almost 30-fold increase in reducing sugar released from CMC-M, enabling the recombinant strain to grow using CMC as the sole carbon and energy source. When cultivated in rich media, specific growth rates of recombinant E. coli strains BL21, JM101 and Top10 were higher than those of DH5 alpha and DH10B strains. The constructed plasmid (pEglABglA) can be used as backbone for further cellulase gene addition, which may enhance even more E. coli cellulolytic capacity and growth rate.