RESUMEN
In this article, the GEITDAH -the Spanish abbreviation of the Special Interest Group on Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder (ADHD)- presents a consensus reached by experts in the management of ADHD from all over Spain. The consensus concerns fundamental aspects that should be the starting point for future local or regional consensus guides. Another aim of this consensus is also to reduce the amount of variability that occurs in the health care offered to patients with ADHD in our country, as well as to act as a stimulus in educational matters. That fact that it is not very long will make it more popular among greater numbers of people and this will allow these goals to be reached more effectively. The conclusions in the consensus guide have been constructed around an introduction dealing with basic aspects and recommendations for diagnosis, treatment (both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic), patient flow and organisational aspects.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Consenso , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/terapia , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Psicoterapia , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The importance of cultural and adverse family-environment variables as risk factors for Disruptive Behaviour Disorder has been repeatedly shown, and hence a variation in rates and risk factors between cultures could be expected. Lower rates should be found in countries with strong and stable family ties, such as Spain. OBJECTIVE: Prevalence rate, severity and comorbidity of Disruptive Behaviour Disorder, as well as risk factors and help-seeking behaviour relating to this disorder, were studied in a general population random sample of 387 10 year-old children living in Valencia (Spain). METHODS: DSM-III-R diagnosis was established by means of the KIDDY-SADS (Kiddy Schedule for affective diseases and Schizophrenia (epidemiological version)) interview and severity of the disorder was evaluated with the General Assessment Functioning (GAF) Scale. Other variables measured were: sex, number of siblings, parental occupation, single-parent home, school failure, socioeconomic level, chronic somatic ailments and use of mental health services. RESULTS: Prevalence and severity parameters were low (for GAF70, prevalence = 11.1; for GAF60, prevalence = 4.9), albeit falling within the range reported in other countries. Morbidity profile and use of services did not substantially depart from the findings reported in other cultures. Different risk factors were associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, thus confirming the validity of considering them as separate dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings did not support the hypothesis of lower rates and different risk factors and morbidity patterns in the Spanish sample studied.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/economía , Comorbilidad , Trastorno de la Conducta/epidemiología , Demografía , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Riesgo , Muestreo , Distribución por Sexo , Padres Solteros , Factores Socioeconómicos , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The point prevalence of Attentional Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity is estimated in a random sample of 387 10-year-old children selected from the municipal census of the city of Valencia (Spain). A number of associated factors are described, along with the utilization of public health services. Diagnosis was established according to DSM-III-R criteria. The instruments used were: K-SADS-E; GAF Scale; Raven Progressive Matrices Test and Sociodemographic, Health and Services Use Information Questionnaire. Prevalence was estimated at 8.01 +/- 2.7% (mild 3.9%; moderate 3.9%; severe 0.3%). The male/female ratio was 2:1. Attentional Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity was significantly associated with low academic performance and the condition of living with only one parent. These children made use of the psychological support services with significantly greater frequency than non hyperactive children, regardless of the degree of severity or academic performance.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Adolescente , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incidencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A 2-stage survey was carried out to establish the point-prevalence of mental disorders and help-seeking behaviour in children aged 8, 11 and 15 living in the city of Valencia. Global prevalence rates, rates by age and rates by sex, as well as rates of specific diagnosis according to DSM-III-R criteria are described. Help-seeking behaviour was found to be related to an interaction between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and sex.