RESUMEN

Early isolation of patients possibly colonized by multi-resistant microorganisms can minimize their spread, reducing cases of hospital infection and the related costs. This study aimed to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria for isolation of patients admitted to a specialized cancer hospital. Cross-sectional study with a population of 61 patients coming from other hospitals who were admitted to the hospital between March 1st and August 31th, 2009. At the moment of admission, a data collection instrument was filled out and nasal and anal swabs were collected for microbiological culture. Of the 56 patients who met the isolation criteria, 30 (49.2 percent) presented positive cultures for multi-resistant microorganisms and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently identified microorganism. Most patients colonized by multi-resistant microorganisms were isolated at the moment of admission. The sensitivity of the isolation criteria was 90 percent and the specificity was 6.5 percent.

O isolamento precoce de pacientes, possivelmente colonizados por microrganismos multirresistentes, pode minimizar sua disseminação, reduzindo os casos de infecção hospitalar e os custos associados. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos critérios para isolamento de pacientes admitidos num hospital especializado em oncologia. Como método, usou-se o estudo transversal. A população foi composta por 61 pacientes, admitidos no período de 1º março a 31 de agosto de 2009, e procedentes de outros hospitais. Foi preenchido instrumento de coleta de dados no momento da admissão e colhidas amostras da região nasal e anal para cultura microbiológica. Os resultados mostraram que, dos 56 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de isolamento, 30 (49,2 por cento) tiveram culturas positivas para microrganismos multirresistentes e o Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina foi o mais frequentemente identificado. A maioria dos pacientes colonizados foi isolada no momento da admissão. Conclui-se que a sensibilidade dos critérios para isolamento foi de 90 por cento e a especificidade de 6,5 por cento.

El aislamiento precoz de pacientes posiblemente colonizados por microorganismos multirresistentes puede minimizar su diseminación, reduciendo los casos de infección hospitalaria y los costos asociados. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la sensibilidad y especificidad de los criterios para aislamiento de pacientes admitidos en un hospital especializado en oncología. Se trata de un estudio transversal cuya población fue compuesta por 61 pacientes admitidos en el período de 01 marzo a 31 de agosto de 2009 y procedentes de otros hospitales. Fue llenado un instrumento de recolección de datos en el momento de la admisión y recogidas muestras de la región nasal y anal para cultura microbiológica. De los 56 pacientes que llenaron los criterios de aislamiento, 30(49,2 por ciento) tuvieron culturas positivas para microorganismos multirresistentes y el Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la oxacilina fue el más frecuentemente identificado. La mayoría de los pacientes colonizados fue aislada en el momento de la admisión. La sensibilidad de los criterios para aislamiento fue de 90 por ciento y la especificidad de 6,5 por ciento.

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RESUMEN

Surgical-site infection (SSI) is the most prevalent type of hospital infection in surgical patients and is associated with an increase in hospital stay, costs and morbidity/lethality. The knowledge of the main risk factors for this type of infection is important for the establishment of prevention measures regarding modifiable risks factors. The objective of the preset study was to assess the occurrence of SSI and study the risk factors in oncologic surgeries of the digestive system at Hospital de Câncer in Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil. Individuals undergoing oncologic surgeries of the digestive system in the period of 08/01/2007 to 08/10/2008 were prospectively followed for 30 days after surgery. Possible risk factors related to the patient and to the surgical procedure were also studied. A total of 210 surgeries were analyzed, with a global SSI incidence of 23.8%. The following variables were independently associated with SSI: time and type of surgery, radiotherapy before surgery and surgeon's years of experience. The risk factors found in this study have been described by other authors and are not amenable to intervention for SSI prevention. Further studies are recommended with the objective of investigating interventions that could reduce the risk for SSI in this type of surgery.

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RESUMEN

Surgical-site infection (SSI) is the most prevalent type of hospital infection in surgical patients and is associated with an increase in hospital stay, costs and morbidity/lethality. The knowledge of the main risk factors for this type of infection is important for the establishment of prevention measures regarding modifiable risks factors. The objective of the preset study was to assess the occurrence of SSI and study the risk factors in oncologic surgeries of the digestive system at Hospital de Câncer in Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil. Individuals undergoing oncologic surgeries of the digestive system in the period of 08/01/2007 to 08/10/2008 were prospectively followed for 30 days after surgery. Possible risk factors related to the patient and to the surgical procedure were also studied. A total of 210 surgeries were analyzed, with a global SSI incidence of 23.8 percent. The following variables were independently associated with SSI: time and type of surgery, radiotherapy before surgery and surgeon's years of experience. The risk factors found in this study have been described by other authors and are not amenable to intervention for SSI prevention. Further studies are recommended with the objective of investigating interventions that could reduce the risk for SSI in this type of surgery.

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RESUMEN

Desde a descriçäo inicial do primeiro cateterismo venoso da veia subclávia, efetuada por Aubaniac, em 1952, e especialmente com a explosäo de seu uso após o advento da nutriçäo parenteral, escrita por Dudrick et al., em 1968, várias complicaçöes têm sido descritas, causadas pelo cateterismo venoso, central, percutâneo. Dentre as mais variadas complicaçöes atribuídas a esta técnica, uma das mais importantes é, sem dúvida, a sepse primária, relacionada ao cateter venoso central, devido ao aumento considerável da morbimortalidade do paciente crítico. No entanto, algumas vezes, torna-se complicado efetuar, o diagnóstico de sepse primária, relacionada ao cateter venoso central. A razäo disso é a dificuldade na diferenciaçäo entre os cateteres que estäo realmente causando infecçäo e aqueles que estäo apenas colonizados, mostrando apenas uma cultura positiva. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisäo atualizada dos principais critérios diagnósticos, clínicos e microbiológicos de sepse primária, relacionada ao cateter venoso central.

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