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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship and effect of alcohol use on Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV). METHOD: Cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach, carried out through online data collection using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in 318 high school adolescents from southern Mexico. RESULTS: Moderate and significant relationships were found between alcohol use and verbal (rs = 0.408, p = 0.001) and economic violence against the mother (rs = 0.445, p = 0.001). A similar situation is presented in physical (rs = 0.473, p = 0.001), verbal (rs = 0.236, p = 0.001) and economic (rs = 0.477, p = 0.001) violence directed to the father. CONCLUSION: The relation among the variables was supported by Multiple Linear Regression models, with alcohol consumption in adolescents being a predictor of violence against mothers and fathers.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship and effect of alcohol use on Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV). Method: Cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach, carried out through online data collection using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in 318 high school adolescents from southern Mexico. Results: Moderate and significant relationships were found between alcohol use and verbal (rs = 0.408, p = 0.001) and economic violence against the mother (rs = 0.445, p = 0.001). A similar situation is presented in physical (rs = 0.473, p = 0.001), verbal (rs = 0.236, p = 0.001) and economic (rs = 0.477, p = 0.001) violence directed to the father. Conclusion: The relation among the variables was supported by Multiple Linear Regression models, with alcohol consumption in adolescents being a predictor of violence against mothers and fathers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação e o efeito do uso de álcool na Violência Filioparental (VFP). Método: Estudo observacional transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de coleta de dados online usando a Escala Tática de Conflito (CTS2) e o Teste de Identificação de Transtornos por Uso de Álcool (AUDIT) em 318 adolescentes do ensino médio do sul do México. Resultados: Foram encontradas relações moderadas e significativas entre uso de álcool e violência verbal (rs = 0,408, p = 0,001) e econômica cometida em relação à mãe (rs = 0,445, p = 0,001). Uma situação semelhante é apresentada na violência física (rs = 0,473, p = 0,001), verbal (rs = 0,236, p = 0,001) e econômica (rs = 0,477, p = 0,001) direcionada ao pai. Conclusão: A relação entre as variáveis foi apoiada por modelos de Regressão Linear Múltipla, sendo o consumo de álcool em adolescentes um preditor de violência contra mães e pais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación y efecto del uso de alcohol sobre la Violencia Filio-Parental (VFP). Método: Estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado mediante recolección de datos en línea utilizando la Escala Táctica de Conflicto (CTS2) y la Prueba de Identificación de Desordenes por Uso de Alcohol (AUDIT) en 318 adolescentes de preparatoria del sur de México. Resultados: Se encontraron relaciones moderadas y significativas entre el uso de alcohol y la violencia verbal (rs = .408, p = .001) y económica ejercida hacia la madre (rs = .445, p = .001). Situación similar se presentó en la violencia física (rs = .473, p = .001), verbal (rs = .236, p = .001) y económica (rs = .477, p = .001) dirigida al padre. Conclusión: La relación entre las variables fue respaldada por modelos de Regresión Lineal Múltiple, siendo el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes predictor de la violencia ejercida a las madres como a los padres.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: los adolescentes experimentan varios cambios que pudieran determinar la presencia de conductas de riesgo, uno de los aspectos es la sexualidad responsable principalmente ante la prevención de VIH/SIDA. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre el conocimiento sobre VIH/SIDA y la disposición a realizarse la prueba del VIH en adolescentes escolarizados de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo-correlacional llevado a cabo en 241 adolescentes que decidieron participar de manera voluntaria en la investigación, se utilizó la escala de Conocimientos hacia el VIH/SIDA y la Escala de Pros y Contras hacia la prueba de VIH, los datos fueron capturados y analizados en el programa estadístico SPSS V23. RESULTADOS: 18,7% de los adolescentes manifestó una vida sexualmente activa, 1,7% señalo haberse realizado la prueba de VIH anteriormente. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p= <0,05) por sexo, donde los conocimientos hacia el VIH/SIDA y pros hacia la prueba de VIH fueron mayores en las mujeres, además se identificó una relación positiva y significativa de los conocimientos de los adolescentes hacia el VIH/SIDA y los pros hacia la prueba de VIH (rs= 0,213, p= 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: durante la adolescencia se conciben los conocimientos, pros y contras ante la detección del VIH/SIDA, lo que pudiera ser un punto de partida para una sexualidad responsable este grupo etario.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents experience various changes that could determine the presence of risk behaviors, one of the aspects is sexuality responsible mainly for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the willingness to undergo an HIV test in school adolescents from Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive correlational study carried out in 241 adolescents who decided to voluntarily participate in the research, the Knowledge scale towards HIV/AIDS and the Scale of Pros and Cons towards the HIV test were used, the data were captured and analyzed in the statistical program SPSS V23. RESULTS: 18.7% of students manifested to have a sexually active life, whereas 1.7% of students indicated having previously an HIV test. Significant differences were obtained (p=<0.05) by sex where knowledge towards HIV and pros towards HIV testing were higher in women, furthermore, a positive and meaningful relationship of knowledge of adolescents towards HIV/AIDS and pros towards HIV testing were identified (rs=0.213, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: During adolescence, the knowledge, pros and cons of detecting HIV/AIDS are conceived, which could be a starting point for responsible sexuality in this age group.

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Resumen Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones realizadas al cuidador familiar del niño con discapacidad intelectual. Materiales y métodos: Revisión integradora en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, BVS y Scielo, considerando los criterios de inclusión: antigüedad ≤ 10 años, en idioma inglés, español y portugués, que la intervención estuviera dirigida al cuidador familiar (madres o padres). Se utilizaron los descriptores intervention, caregiver, intelectual disability, child y el operador booleano AND. Se identificaron 233 artículos, 210 fueron discriminados porque las intervenciones estuvieron dirigidas a los niños, quedando 23 artículos y de estos se eliminaron 17 por no cumplir su totalidad los criterios de inclusión, solo quedó una muestra de 6. Resultados: Las intervenciones identificadas fueron psicosocial, psicoeducativa, musicoterapia y terapia ocupacional, logrando disminuir síntomas como depresión, ansiedad, tristeza y estrés, así como niveles de sobrecarga e indiferencia. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones impactan positivamente en la salud del cuidador familiar del niño con discapacidad intelectual. El profesional de enfermería debe encaminarse en el diseño e implementación de intervenciones dirigidas al cuidador familia para su cuidado integral.

Abstract Objective: To describe the interventions carried out on the family caregiver of a child with intellectual disability. Material and methods: Integrative review in the PubMed, LILACS, VHL and Scielo databases, considering the inclusion criteria: seniority ≤ 10 years, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, that the intervention was aimed at the family caregiver (mothers or fathers). The descriptors intervention, caregiver, intellectual disability, child and the boolean operator AND were used. 233 articles were identified, 210 were discriminated against because the interventions were aimed at children, leaving 23 articles and of these 17 were eliminated because they did not fully meet the inclusion criteria, only a sample of 6 remained. Results: The identified interventions were psychosocial, psychoeducational, music therapy and occupational therapy, managing to reduce symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sadness and stress, as well as levels of overload and indifference. Conclusions: The interventions have a positive impact on the health of the family caregiver of the child with intellectual disability. The nursing professional should be guided in the design and implementation of interventions aimed at the family caregiver for her comprehensive care.

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Resumen Objetivo: Conocer el consumo de tabaco, mariguana y cocaína en adolescentes mexicanos en tiempos de la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado con 265 adolescentes mexicanos entre 12 y 19 años de edad, elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. La recolección de la información se llevó a cabo mediante la plataforma digital SurveyMonkey, los datos fueron procesados en el programa estadístico SPSS 23.0. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para obtener frecuencias, proporciones, medidas de tendencia central y de variabilidad. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 17.8 años, el inicio de consumo de alcohol fue a los 16.7 años, tabaco a los 16.8 años, marihuana a los 17 años y cocaína a los 17.3 años. El promedio de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas en un día típico fue de 3.3, la media de cigarrillos consumidos en un día típico fue de 2.2, la media del consumo marihuana fue de 1.2 y la de cocaína de 2.5. El 66.8 % de los participantes han consumido alcohol alguna vez en la vida, 49.9% ha consumido alcohol en el último año. El 18.5% han consumido cigarrillos al menos una vez en la vida y solo el 13.6% lo consumió en el último año. El 7.2% del adolescente han consumido marihuana alguna vez en la vida y solo el 3.8% consumió en el último año. El 3.4% ha consumido cocaína alguna vez en la vida y 1.9% en el último año. Conclusiones: Las prevalencias del consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas denotan un incremento significativo, lo cual es preocupante, debido que durante la adolescencia cualquier cantidad consumida es riesgosa y dañina para la salud física y mental.

Abstract Objective: To know the consumption of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine in Mexican adolescents in times of COVID-19. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out with 265 Mexican adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age, chosen through a non-probabilistic sampling. The information was collected using the SurveyMonkey digital platform, the data was processed in the SPSS 23.0 statistical program. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain frequencies, proportions, measures of central tendency and variability. Results: The average age was 17.8 years, the start of alcohol consumption was at 16.7 years, tobacco at 16.8 years, marijuana at 17 years and cocaine at 17.3 years. The average number of alcoholic beverages consumed on a typical day was 3.3, the average number of cigarettes consumed on a typical day was 2.2, the average use of marijuana was 1.2, and that of cocaine was 2.5. 66.8% of the participants have consumed alcohol at some time in their life, 49.9% have consumed alcohol in the last year. 18.5% have consumed cigarettes at least once in their life and only 13.6% consumed it in the last year. 7.2% of adolescents have used marijuana at some time in their life and only 3.8% used it in the last year. 3.4% have used cocaine at some time in their life and 1.9% in the last year. Conclusions: The prevalence of licit and illicit drug use shows a significant increase, which is worrying, since during adolescence any amount consumed is risky and harmful to physical and mental health.

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Resumen Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la confiabilidad y consistencia interna del Test de Dependencia de Videojuegos [TDV] (Chóliz & Marco, 2011), con el propósito de obtener evidencia sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en el contexto mexicano. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue de corte transversal (tipo psicométrico, validación de un instrumento). La muestra estuvo conformada por 581 adolescentes de entre los 11 y 16 años (281 hombres y 300 mujeres). Para la validación del instrumento se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de componentes principales Varimax y un análisis de consistencia interna. Resultados: Se obtuvo una estructura factorial similar a la versión original española, se encontraron cuatro factores a) Abstinencia, b) Abuso y tolerancia, c) Problemas ocasionados por los videojuegos y d) Dificultad para el control. La escala mostró una consistencia interna aceptable (a=0.94) es decir, que esta mide de forma consistente el concepto. Conclusiones: El TDV es un instrumento confiable y de fácil aplicación para medir, diagnosticar e intervenir sobre el fenómeno en adolescentes mexicanos.

Abstract Objective: To assess the reliability and the internal consistency of the video games dependence test [TDV] in order to obtain evidence of its psychometric properties in Mexican context. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study (psychometric type, instrument validation).581 teenagers among 11 and 16 years old were part of the sample (281 men and 300 women). An exploratory factor analysis, a principal component analysis Varimax and an analysis of internal consistency were carried out for validation. Results: A similar factorial structure to the Spanish original version was obtained and there were found four factors. A) abstinence, B) abuse and tolerance, C) problems caused by videogames and D) difficulty to stay in control. An acceptable internal consistency was showed by the scale (a=0.94) that is to say, the concept is measured consistently. Conclusions: TDV is a reliable instrument and easy to apply in order to measure, diagnose and focus on Mexican teenagers' phenomenon.

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Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la presencia de incertidumbre sexual en estudiantes de una escuela preparatoria del sureste de México. Material y Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, la población de interés estuvo conformada por 190 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años de una escuela preparatoria en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, preguntas sobre conducta de riesgo sexual y si han recibido información sobre sexualidad, Infecciones de transmisión sexual y sobre el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, se aplicó la Escala de Incertidumbre sexual. Resultados: La mayor parte de los estudiantes, han recibido información sobre sexualidad; poco más de la mitad de los estudiantes ha recibido información sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y sobre el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. En prevención de conductas de riesgo, cerca del 4% de los alumnos se han realizado la prueba rápida para detectar el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Respecto a la práctica de relaciones sexuales; el 31.1% respondieron que han tenido relaciones sexuales. El resultado de la diferencia de medias en incertidumbre sexual fue más elevado en los hombres (X ̅= 17.72, DE = 6.03). En relación a la conducta sexual de riesgo los hombres mostraron una diferencia significativa en comparación con la mujer con un promedio de (X ̅= 19,25, DE = 21,94). Conclusiones: Se determina que la incertidumbre sexual es un factor que ejerce influencia en la conducta de una persona y la condiciona a tomar o no medidas protectoras para su salud, como es el de evitar las conductas sexuales de riesgo, los adolescentes que tienen menos incertidumbre sexual son quienes tienen menos probabilidad de incidir en este tipo de conductas.

Abstract Objective: to identify the presence of students' sexual uncertainty attending a senior high school in southeastern Mexico. Material and Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study whose target population consisted of 190 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, attending a senior high school in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. We applied a sociodemographic data with questions about sexual risk behavior and whether they have received information about sexuality, sexually transmitted infections, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The Sexual Uncertainty Scale was applied. Results: most of the students have received information about sexuality; just over half of the students have information about sexually transmitted infections, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In prevention of risk behavior, about 4% of the students have taken the rapid test for detection of human immunodeficiency virus. Regarding the sexual activity, 31.1% responded that they have had sexual intercourse. The result of the difference of the overage in sexual uncertainty was higher in men (X ̅= 17.72, SD = 6.03). In relation to risky sexual behavior, men showed a significant difference compared to women with an average of (X ̅ = 19,25, SD = 21,94). Conclusions: it is determined that sexual uncertainty is a factor that influences a person's behavior and determines whether to take health protective measures, such as avoiding risky sexual behavior. Adolescents, whose sexual uncertainty is less, are less likely to engage in this type of behavior.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a presença de incerteza sexual em estudantes de uma escola preparatória no sudeste do México. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, cuja população de interesse foi composta por 190 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos de idade de uma escola preparatória em Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Um cartão de dados sociodemográficos, perguntas sobre comportamento sexual de risco e se eles receberam informações sobre sexualidade, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e sobre o vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida foram aplicados, a Escala de Incerteza Sexual foi aplicada. Resultados: a maioria dos estudantes recebeu informações sobre sexualidade; pouco mais da metade dos estudantes recebeu informações sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e sobre o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Na prevenção de comportamentos de risco, cerca de 4% dos estudantes fizeram o teste rápido para detectar o vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Quanto à prática de relações sexuais; 31,1% responderam que tiveram relações sexuais. O resultado da diferença de médias na incerteza sexual foi maior nos homens (X ̅ = 17,72, DP = 6,03). Em relação ao comportamento sexual de risco, os homens apresentaram uma diferença significativa em comparação às mulheres com uma média de (X ̅ = 19,25, DP = 21,94). Conclusões: determina-se que a incerteza sexual é um fator que influencia o comportamento de uma pessoa e determina se deve ou não tomar medidas protetoras para sua saúde, como evitar comportamentos sexuais de risco, adolescentes que têm menos incerteza sexual são aqueles com menor probabilidade de influenciar esse tipo de comportamento.

Résumé Objectif : identifier la présence d'incertitude sexuelle chez les élèves d'un lycée dans le sud-est du Mexique. Matériel et méthodes : L'étude est descriptive et transversale. L'échantillon a été conformé par 190 adolescents de 15 à 18 ans, élèves d'un lycée de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Une fiche de données sociodémographiques a été utilisée, ainsi qu'un questionnaire sur les comportements sexuels à risque et sur la réception d'informations sur la sexualité, les infections sexuellement transmissibles, et en particulier sur le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise. De plus, l'Échelle d'Incertitude Sexuelle a été appliquée. Résultats : La plupart des élèves ont reçu des informations sur la sexualité ; un peu plus de la moitié des élèves ont reçu des informations sur les infections sexuellement transmissibles et en particulier sur le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise. En matière de prévention de comportements à risque, environ 4 % des élèves ont passé le test rapide de dépistage du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine. 31,1% ont répondu qu'ils avaient eu des relations sexuelles. La moyenne d'incertitude sexuelle était plus élevée chez les hommes (X ̅= 17,72, DE = 6,03). En ce qui concerne le comportement sexuel à risque, les hommes ont montré une différence significative par rapport aux femmes avec une moyenne de (X ̅= 19,25, DE = 21,94). Conclusions : Il s'avère que l'incertitude sexuelle est un facteur qui influence le comportement d'une personne et l'amène à prendre ou non des mesures de protection pour sa santé, comme par exemple éviter les comportements sexuels à risque. Les adolescents qui ont moins d'incertitude sexuelle sont ceux qui sont le moins susceptibles d'adopter ce type de comportement.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la historia familiar del consumo de alcohol y el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 191 adolescentes de una institución pública de educación básica de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, para lo cual se utilizó el Inventario de Historia Familiar de Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: El 57.6% de los adolescente manifestó que alguna de las personas con las que vive consume bebidas alcohólicas; el padre es el principal consumidor con un 24.6%, seguido de ambos padres (13.1%), y llegan a consumir hasta 12.6 bebidas alcohólicas por ocasión de consumo. Los resultados muestran una relación positiva y significativa entre los antecedentes familiares y el número de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas en un día típico por los adolescentes (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusiones: La familia juega un papel primordial en la adquisición de conductas de los adolescentes, dado que la adolescencia representa una etapa de vulnerabilidad en la que se definen aspectos biopsicosociales de la edad adulta. De ahí la importancia de fomentar estilos de vida saludables dentro del núcleo familiar que repercutirán en la salud integral de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between family history of alcohol and alcohol consumption among adolescents. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive correlational study in 191 adolescents from a public institution of basic education Ciudad of Carmen Campeche; Inventory Family History Alcohol was used. Results: The 57.6% of adolescents said that some of the people living with them consume alcoholic beverages, the father being the main consuming with 24.6%, followed by both parents (13.1%); reaching up to 12.6 consume alcoholic drinks per drinking occasion. The results show a positive and significant relationship between family history and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on a typical day by teens (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The family plays a major role in the acquisition of behaviors of adolescents, as adolescence is a vulnerable period where biopsychosocial aspects of adulthood are defined, hence the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles within the family that will affect the overall health of adolescents.

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Introducción: La diabetes como enfermedad crónica es un evento catastrófico que origina comportamientos negativos hacia la adherencia terapéutica, lo que hace necesario usar teorías cognoscitivas y sociales para reorientar los cuidados de enfermería. Objetivo: Dar respuesta a las preguntas orientadoras de la investigación: ¿cuál es la representación social que la mujer tiene sobre la diabetes tipo 2? ¿Qué elementos integran el núcleo central y los sistemas periféricos de la representación social? Método: Revisión integrativa utilizando como guía el método prisma, de artículos cuyos descriptores primarios fueran "representaciones sociales", "diabetes tipo 2" y "mujeres" y secundarios "pacientes con diabetes tipo 2". La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos informatizadas: Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Bireme y CUIDEN. Resultados: Los hallazgos señalan que el fenómeno de la diabetes dio origen a una representación social irreversible. Este sistema de informaciones, actitudes y creencias se organizan y estructuran alrededor del padecimiento, alimentación, ejercicio y medicación, lo que dificulta la identidad social y, probablemente, la adherencia terapéutica a la enfermedad. Conclusión: El identificar la estructura de la representación social y elementos que integran el núcleo central les permite a los profesionales de la salud planear intervenciones que favorezcan la identidad social y la adherencia terapéutica de las mujeres en la diabetes tipo 2.

Introduction: As a chronic disease, diabetes is a disastrous event bringing about negative behaviors regarding the treatment adherence, which makes necessary the use of cognitive and social theories in order to redirect the nursing care. Objective: To answer the guiding research questions: What is the social representation that women have about Diabetes Type 2? What elements form the central core and the peripheral systems of the social representation? Method: This is a comprehensive review using the Prism Method as a guide. It includes articles whose primary descriptors are "social representations", "Diabetes Type 2" and "women"; and the secondary descriptor "type 2 diabetes patients". The search was carried out in systematized databases: Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Bireme, and CUIDEN. Results: The findings indicate that diabetes phenomenon gave rise to an irreversible social representation. This system of data, attitudes and beliefs is organized and structured around the suffering, feeding, exercise and medication, which makes difficult to ascertain the social identity and, probably, the treatment adherence specific to this disease. Conclusion: To identify the structure of the social representation and elements forming the central core allows the health professionals to plan interventions intended to favor the social identity and treatment adherence among women with diabetes type 2.

Introdução: O diabete como urna doença crónica é um evento catastrófico que origina comportamentos negativos para a adesão terapêutica, o que faz preciso usar teorias cognoscitivas e sociais para reorientar os cuidados de enfermagem. Objetivo: Dar resposta às perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa: qual a representação social que a mulher possue sobre o diabete tipo 2? Quais elementos compõem o núcleo central e os sistemas periféricos da representação social? Método: Revisão integrativa utilizando como guia o método prisma, de artigos cujos descritores primarios foram "representações sociais", "diabete tipo 2" e "mulheres" e secundarios "pacientes com diabete tipo 2". A busca foi realizada em bases de dados informatizadas: Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Birerne e CUIDEN. Resultados: Os achados apontam que o fenômeno da diabete deu origem a urna representação social irreversível. Esse sistema de informações, atitudes e crenças é organizado e estruturado em torno do padecimento, alimentação, exercício e medicação, o que dificulta a identidade social e, provavelmente, a adesão terapêutica à doença. Conclusão: Identificar a estrutura da representação social e elementos que integram o núcleo central permite os pro fissionais de a saúde planejarem intervenções favorecendo a identidade social e a adesão terapêutica das mulheres em diabetes tipo 2.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze publications of qualitative studies that addressed the phenomenon of violence in indigenous population. METHOD: Meta-synthesis of studies published in the period of 2006 to 2016, with search in the Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A new reinterpretation of the findings was generated from the codes and categories of the primary articles. Five categories emerged: living violence, factors associated with patterns of violence, consequences of violence, interaction dynamics in situations of violence, and how to deal with violence. CONCLUSIONS: Indigenous people experience different types of violence at an early age; experienced in the family. This makes it an emerging social problem that must be taken care of urgently and represents an area of opportunity for the nursing professionals whose central focus is human care.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze publications of qualitative studies that addressed the phenomenon of violence in indigenous population. METHOD Meta-synthesis of studies published in the period of 2006 to 2016, with search in the Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS A new reinterpretation of the findings was generated from the codes and categories of the primary articles. Five categories emerged: living violence, factors associated with patterns of violence, consequences of violence, interaction dynamics in situations of violence, and how to deal with violence. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous people experience different types of violence at an early age; experienced in the family. This makes it an emerging social problem that must be taken care of urgently and represents an area of opportunity for the nursing professionals whose central focus is human care.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as publicações de estudos qualitativos que abordaram o fenômeno da violência na população indígena. MÉTODO Trata-se de uma metassíntese de estudos publicados entre os anos de 2006 a 2016, indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicos Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, e Web of Science. RESULTADO Uma nova reinterpretação dos códigos e das categorias de artigos primários foi gerada. Emergiram cinco categorias: viver a violência, fatores associados aos padrões de violência, consequências da violência, interação dinâmica nas situações de violência, e como a violência é enfrentada. CONCLUSÕES Os povos indígenas experimentam diferentes tipos de violência desde a infância, vividos no seio familiar. Isto se converte em um problema social emergente, que deve ser abordado com urgência, e representa uma área que precisa de atenção dos profissionais de enfermagem, cujo foco principal é o cuidado humano.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las publicaciones de estudios cualitativos que abordaron el fenómeno de violencia en población indígena. MÉTODO Metasíntesis de estudios publicados en el periodo 2006 al 2016, con búsqueda en la base de datos Ebsco Host, Cuiden Plus, Science Direct, Springer, y Web of Science. RESULTADOS Se generó una nueva reinterpretación a partir de los códigos y categorías de los artículos primarios. Emergieron cinco categorías: vivir la violencia, factores asociados a los patrones de violencia, consecuencias de la violencia, dinámicas de interacción en situaciones de violencia y cómo enfrentar la violencia. CONCLUSIONES Las personas indígenas experimentan diferentes tipos de violencia a edad temprana; vividas en el seno familiar. Esto la convierte en un problema social emergente que debe ser atendido con urgencia y representa un área de oportunidad para el profesional de enfermería cuyo foco central es el cuidado humano.

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INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of an Internet-based intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk behaviors among Mexican adolescents, a key HIV/AIDS risk group. METHODOLOGY: The study had a quasi-experimental design with single-stage cluster sampling. Participants ages 14-17 were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to either receive intervention "Connect" (which included face-to-face and Internet-based sessions designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk) or control (a general educational video on reducing health risks). A total of 9 survey instruments were administered online through SurveyMonkey pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in sexual risk and protective factors as well as two outcomes of interest: risky sexual behaviors and resilience. Pearson correlation assessed instrument reliability while multivariable linear regression models assessed two study hypotheses: (1) the effect of the intervention on sexual behavior and resilience is mediated by adolescent age, gender, and sexual experience and (2) risk and protective factors are mediators between the intervention and sexual behavior. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 193 adolescents between 14 and 17 years old (n = 96 in the control group and n = 97 in the experimental group). Survey instruments were reliable. Age was associated with pre-to-post test changes in sexual resilience (ß = -6.10, p = .019), which partially mediated the effect of the intervention on sexual resilience (ß = 5.70, p = .034). Social support was associated with pre-to-post test changes in risky sexual behavior (ß = -0.17, p = .039). CONCLUSION: Intervention "Connect" was independently associated with improved self-reported resilience to risky sexual behaviors, though not with a reduction in those behaviors in multivariate analyses. This is the first Internet-based intervention designed to reduce HIV/AIDS sexual risk among Mexican adolescents.

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The vulnerability to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may increase based on specific social determinants of health, which can also affect the lack of adherence to a safe sexual behavior and access to antiretroviral treatment in indigenous women. Consequently, it is necessary to review, through a documentary study, what are those determinants in the case of a group of indigenous women from the North of Oaxaca and how these aspects affect those women, as well as the important role of nursing for the best approach. Social determinants are classified into 3 levels: macro (socioeconomic status, income, migration and education), meso (culture, gender and access to health services) and micro (lifestyles and adoption of safe sex). Indigenous women with limited resources become easy targets of HIV by engaging in risky sexual behaviors inadvertently. The nurse is a key professional who can influence behaviors of women through effective interventions that help foster self-confidence and empowerment, using the resources that the person possesses.

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