RESUMEN
Morphological background adaptation is both an endocrine and a nervous response, involving changes in the amount of chromatophores and pigment concentration. However, whether this adaptation takes place at early developmental stages is largely unknown. Somatolactin (Sl) is a pituitary hormone present in fish, which has been associated to skin pigmentation. Moreover, growth hormone receptor type 1 (Ghr1) has been suggested to be the Sl receptor and was associated with background adaptation in adults. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the ontogeny of morphological adaptation to background and the participation of ghr1 in this process. We found in larval stages of the cichlid Cichlasoma dimerus that the number of head melanophores and pituitary cells immunoreactive to Sl was increased in individuals reared with black backgrounds compared with that in fish grown in white tanks. In larval stages of the medaka Oryzias latipes, a similar response was observed, which was altered by ghr1 biallelic mutations using CRISPR/Cas9. Interestingly, melanophore and leucophore numbers were highly associated. Furthermore, we found that somatic growth was reduced in ghr1 biallelic mutant O. latipes, establishing the dual function of this growth hormone receptor. Taken together, these results show that morphological background adaptation is present at early stages during development and that is dependent upon ghr1 during this period.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Peces , Receptores de Somatotropina , Aclimatación , Animales , Color , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Hormona del Crecimiento , Hormonas Hipofisarias/genética , Receptores de Somatotropina/genéticaRESUMEN
En peces, el nervio óptico es el encargado de transportar la información integrada por las células ganglionares de la retina hacia el tectum óptico, para que se generen imágenes acerca del entorno. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir morfométricamente el nervio óptico del tiburoncito (Ariopsis seemanni), para lo cual se utilizó la Microscopía óptica de Alta Resolución (MOAR), realizando cortes a 1 micra de espesor. El nervio óptico de A. seemanni presenta fibras mielínicas de diverso calibre, acompañadas de oligodendrocitos y astrocitos. El nervio está cubierto por las meninges, que presentan vasos sanguíneos y adipocitos. El nervio tiene un área total de 179604 ± 30163 µm2, diámetro de 478 ± 42 µm y un número total de fibras mielínicas de 22848 ± 4350, de las cuales la mayoría tiene un tamaño pequeño, que puede estar relacionado con una velocidad de conducción baja.
The optic nerve carries out the information integrated by retinal ganglion cells towards the optic tectum, so that surrounding environment images are generated. The main goal of this paper is to describe morphometricaly the Tete sea catfish (Ariopsis seemanni) optic nerve, using high resolution optical microscopy (HROM), on 1 micron thick sections. A. seemanni optic nerve does present myelinated nerve fibers, accompanied by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The nerve is covered by the meninges, with blood vessels and adipocites. The nerve has a transversal area of 179,604 ± 30163 mm2, a diameter of 478 ± 42 mm and 22848 ± 4350 myelinated fibers, most are small in size, which may be related to a low conduction velocity.