RESUMEN
The authors analyse the relationships which exist, in terms of programmes, sectors and institutions, between animal health, animal production and veterinary public health on the one hand, and between each of these three sectors and public health in general on the other. The most important common factor is food safety. Undernutrition, which affects some 60 million inhabitants of Latin America and the Caribbean, is still the most important public health problem in this part of the world. While it is known that the major cause of undernutrition is the low gross domestic product and uneven distribution of wealth, increased animal production and productivity would provide the key to an improvement in the situation. The concept of animal health, in its broadest sense, implies optimum animal production in a given region and during a specified period of time. Veterinary public health has functions and objectives which are crucial for food safety: protection and hygiene of foods, and control of the use in animal production of substances toxic to human beings (such as heavy metals, hormones and insecticides). Within the area of transmissible diseases, the authors discuss control measures for zoonoses. Besides the specific subject of interdisciplinary relationships in regard to zoonoses, the authors stress the importance of joint work conducted in the research, development and implementation of laboratory diagnostic activities and the production and quality control of antigens and vaccines. The production of laboratory animals is another sphere of common activity and research, and it cannot be said that such work is specific to any one of the three disciplines. Moreover, the fields of health, animal health and veterinary public health share the same methods and strategies, and reciprocal benefits could be more significant than the objectives of individual programmes. Reference is made to the organisation of state services and their adaptation to administrative de-centralisation, particularly at the local level.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Alimentos/normas , Salud Pública , Medicina Veterinaria , Animales , Residuos de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ciencia de los Animales de Laboratorio , América Latina , Trastornos Nutricionales/prevención & control , Indias Occidentales , Zoonosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
O presente trabalho expöe sinteticamente o Plano de Açäo do Programa Hemisférico de Erradicaçäo da Febre Aftosa na América do Sul. A pedido dos países, esse Plano foi elaborado pela Organizaçäo Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e aprovado pelo Comitê Hemisférico de Erradicaçäo da Febre Aftosa (COHEFA)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Se ha comparado la técnica inmunoenzimática (ELISA) "sandwich" indirecta con la prueba de fijación del complemento 50 por ciento (FC50) para detectar los serotipos O, A y C del virus de la fiebre aftosa (VFA) y New Jersey (NJ) e Indiana(IND) del virus de la estomatitis vesicular (VEV). Para las cepas O, A, C e IND se usaron antisueros polivalentes como detectores y para las cepas NJ fueron utilizados antisueros monovalentes. La prueba de Elisa mostró ser un procedimiento más satisfactorio para identificar VFA y VEV en muestras de epitelios de animales afectados por enfermedad vesicular.
Asunto(s)
Fiebre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Antígenos , Pruebas Serológicas , Estomatitis Vesicular , Fiebre Aftosa , Antígenos , Pruebas Serológicas , Estomatitis VesicularRESUMEN
Estudios seroepidemiológicos llevados a cabo en muestras de campo, realizados a fines de 1986 por el Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia para las Américas en el Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa (CPFA), mostraron una variación antigénica de virus de la fiebre aftosa tipo A en relación con el usual A24 y aislamientos de campo A-79 en la Argentina.
Seroepidemiologic studies constantly carried out on field samples by the Diagnostic Reference Laboratory for te Americas at the Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PAFMDC) revealed, late in 1986, an antigenic variation of FMDV type A in relation to the usual A24 and A-79 field isolates in Argentina.
Asunto(s)
Fiebre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Pruebas Serológicas , Antígenos , Fiebre Aftosa , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , AntígenosRESUMEN
En esta comunicación, se extendieron los estudios al análisis de varias cepas relevantes del virus de la fiebre aftosa, subtipos O, A y C, aisladas en diferentes épocas en el campo y en distintas regiones de América del Sur.
In the present communication studies are axtended to the analysis of several relevant strains of FMDV srotypes O, A and C isolated at different times in the field in different regions of South America.
Asunto(s)
Aphthovirus , Bioquímica , Epidemiología y Bioestadística , Inmunidad , Bioquímica , Inmunidad , Epidemiología y BioestadísticaRESUMEN
Treinta vacas, que habían sido vacunadas 3 veces a intrevalos de 6 meses con vacunas antiaftosa con adyuvante oleoso, fueron expuestas 13 meses después de la última vacunación al virus tipo O1 por vía intradermolingual y al contacto con bovinos y cerdos infectados. De acuerdo con los niveles de anticuerpos previos al desafío de virus se esperaba una elevada protección, la que fue confirmada por la prueba de desafío de virus. Sólo uno de los 30 bovinos desarrolló fiebre aftosa generalizada. De los 29 animales sólo 6 tuvieron una lesión en el punto de inoculación. Estas observaciones confirman, en general, que en las encuestas serológicas realizadas en la población bovina a la que pretenecían esos animales, vacunados con vacuna antiaftosa con adyuvante oleoso, los elevados niveles de anticuerpos indican una sólida inmunidad.
Asunto(s)
Fiebre Aftosa , Inmunización , Adyuvante de Freund , Aphthovirus , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Anticuerpos , Pase Seriado , Serología , Neutralización de Efluentes , Vacunas de Productos InactivadosRESUMEN
The susceptibility of adult male goats to Brucella ovis infection was studied. Fifteen goats and fifteen rams both of ages ranging from 22 to 34 months were inoculated conjunctivally with 10(9) cells of B. ovis strain recently isolated from a case of ram epididymitis. Five goats and five rams were killed 78 days after inoculation and similar groups were killed at two month intervals thereafter. B. ovis was recovered from semen of a male goat, 33 and 61 days after inoculation. The five goats sacrificed 78 days after inoculation contained Brucella in their organs. The semen and the tissues of the two other groups remained culturally negative throughout the observation period. Seven cultures were obtained from the semen of 14 rams used comparatively as inoculated controls. Epididymitis was clinically observed only in one male goat although under six presented macroscopic lesions. Seven rams out of the 15 inoculated showed clinical symptoms of epididymitis. Antibodies detectable by complement fixation and immunodiffusion disappeared 80 days after inoculation in goats, while rams reacted during the 189 days period of observation. It is concluded that the B. ovis infection in male goats is transient and the role that they may play in the epizootiology of the disease is negligible.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis/inmunología , Cabras , Animales , Brucella/aislamiento & purificación , Brucelosis/microbiología , MasculinoRESUMEN
The susceptibility of adult male goats to Brucella ovis infection was studied. Fifteen goats and fifteen rams both of ages ranging from 22 to 34 months were inoculated conjunctivally with 10(9) cells of B. ovis strain recently isolated from a case of ram epididymitis. Five goats and five rams were killed 78 days after inoculation and similar groups were killed at two month intervals thereafter. B. ovis was recovered from semen of a male goat, 33 and 61 days after inoculation. The five goats sacrificed 78 days after inoculation contained Brucella in their organs. The semen and the tissues of the two other groups remained culturally negative throughout the observation period. Seven cultures were obtained from the semen of 14 rams used comparatively as inoculated controls. Epididymitis was clinically observed only in one male goat although under six presented macroscopic lesions. Seven rams out of the 15 inoculated showed clinical symptoms of epididymitis. Antibodies detectable by complement fixation and immunodiffusion disappeared 80 days after inoculation in goats, while rams reacted during the 189 days period of observation. It is concluded that the B. ovis infection in male goats is transient and the role that they may play in the epizootiology of the disease is negligible.
RESUMEN
The susceptibility of adult male goats to Brucella ovis infection was studied. Fifteen goats and fifteen rams both of ages ranging from 22 to 34 months were inoculated conjunctivally with 10(9) cells of B. ovis strain recently isolated from a case of ram epididymitis. Five goats and five rams were killed 78 days after inoculation and similar groups were killed at two month intervals thereafter. B. ovis was recovered from semen of a male goat, 33 and 61 days after inoculation. The five goats sacrificed 78 days after inoculation contained Brucella in their organs. The semen and the tissues of the two other groups remained culturally negative throughout the observation period. Seven cultures were obtained from the semen of 14 rams used comparatively as inoculated controls. Epididymitis was clinically observed only in one male goat although under six presented macroscopic lesions. Seven rams out of the 15 inoculated showed clinical symptoms of epididymitis. Antibodies detectable by complement fixation and immunodiffusion disappeared 80 days after inoculation in goats, while rams reacted during the 189 days period of observation. It is concluded that the B. ovis infection in male goats is transient and the role that they may play in the epizootiology of the disease is negligible.
RESUMEN
En 1951 la Organización de los Estados Americanos, cuando era Secretario General el Dr. Alberto Lleras Camargo, más tarde presidente de Colombia, decidió crear un organismo intergubernamental responsable por la promoción, apoyo y coordinación del combate de la fiebre aftosa en América. La preparación del proyecto se encargó a la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y al Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas. Así nació, hace 25 años, el Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, como un Proyecto de Cooperación Técnica (OAS/TA/77/51) de la Organización de los Estados Americanos.