RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vocal fold movement impairment (VFMI) secondary to neuronal injury is a known risk after aortic surgery. Total arch replacement is technically challenging, and the incidence of vocal fold movement impairment secondary to neuronal injury after this surgery is unknown. This study examined the incidence of VFMI after total arch replacement and medialization treatment outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: All patients who underwent total arch replacement at a tertiary care center over 11 years (2006-2017) were identified through an institutional database. End points included evidence of VFMI on flexible laryngoscopy, time to diagnosis, time to treatment, need for reintubation, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: Of the 358 patients who underwent total arch replacement, 63 (20%) were diagnosed with VFMI during their initial inpatient stay. Fifty patients (79%) VFMIs were left-sided, nine (14%) were right-sided, and four (6%) were bilateral. Thirty-nine patients (62%) underwent inpatient vocal fold medialization: 28 (72%) by injection laryngoplasty and 11 (28%) by type 1 thyroplasty. Those with unilateral VFMI had longer ICU (8.9 days) and hospital (19.4 days) than those with no VFMI (5.7 and 16.1 days). Among patients with unilateral VFMI, those who underwent inpatient vocal fold medialization trended toward shorter ICU (6.2 vs. 14.4 days, P = .03) and hospital stays (20.1 vs. 23.3 days, P = .4) than patients who did not have a medialization procedure. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of VFMI after total arch replacement in our series was 20%. Both the right and left vocal folds are potentially at risk from a total arch replacement; consequently, the distribution of injury in our cohort was more heterogeneous than in other series. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 129:699-703, 2019.
Asunto(s)
Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/epidemiología , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Traumatismos del Nervio Laríngeo Recurrente/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/efectos adversos , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/etiologíaRESUMEN
In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of a functional dystrophin protein results in sarcolemmal instability, abnormal calcium signaling, cardiomyopathy, and skeletal muscle degeneration. Using the dystrophin-deficient sapje zebrafish model, we have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that, in comparison to our previous findings in human DMD muscle biopsies, are uniquely dysregulated in dystrophic muscle across vertebrate species. MiR-199a-5p is dysregulated in dystrophin-deficient zebrafish, mdx(5cv) mice, and human muscle biopsies. MiR-199a-5p mature miRNA sequences are transcribed from stem loop precursor miRNAs that are found within the introns of the dynamin-2 and dynamin-3 loci. The miR-199a-2 stem loop precursor transcript that gives rise to the miR-199a-5p mature transcript was found to be elevated in human dystrophic muscle. The levels of expression of miR-199a-5p are regulated in a serum response factor (SRF)-dependent manner along with myocardin-related transcription factors. Inhibition of SRF-signaling reduces miR-199a-5p transcript levels during myogenic differentiation. Manipulation of miR-199a-5p expression in human primary myoblasts and myotubes resulted in dramatic changes in cellular size, proliferation, and differentiation. MiR-199a-5p targets several myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation regulatory factors within the WNT signaling pathway, including FZD4, JAG1, and WNT2. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p in the muscles of transgenic zebrafish resulted in abnormal myofiber disruption and sarcolemmal membrane detachment, pericardial edema, and lethality. Together, these studies identify miR-199a-5p as a potential regulator of myogenesis through suppression of WNT-signaling factors that act to balance myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Diferenciación Celular/genética , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , MicroARNs/genética , Distrofia Muscular Animal/genética , Vía de Señalización Wnt/genética , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Dinamina II/genética , Dinamina III/genética , Distrofina/deficiencia , Distrofina/genética , Distrofina/metabolismo , Receptores Frizzled/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Secuencias Invertidas Repetidas/genética , Proteína Jagged-1 , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Desarrollo de Músculos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético , Distrofia Muscular Animal/metabolismo , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Serrate-Jagged , Factor de Respuesta Sérica/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Proteína wnt2/metabolismo , Pez Cebra , Proteínas de Pez CebraRESUMEN
AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS: We used inmunohistochemistry to compare the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in tumor or stromal cells for 50 pure DCIS and 12 DCIS with microinvasive foci. RESULTS: Score values for collagenase-1 (MMP-1), membrane type 1 MMP (MMP-14), and TIMP-1, were significantly higher in pure DCIS than in DCIS with microinvasive foci, whereas stromalysin-3 (MMP-11) expression was significantly higher in DCIS with microinvasive foci. Both fibroblasts and mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) surrounding pure DCIS showed more frequently expression of MMP-1, MMP-14, and TIMP-3, whereas MMP-11 expression was more frequent in MICs of microinvasive tumors. MICs of microinvasive foci more frequently showed the expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2), MMP-11, collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and TIMP-1, than MICs surrounding pure DCIS; whereas peri-ductal MICs and fibroblasts from pure DCIS expressed TIMP-3 more commonly than these cells at microinvasive foci. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, so in tumor cells and stromal cells, between pure DCIS and DCIS with microinvasive foci. Therefore, these staining patterns might display potential applications as biological markers, such as in evaluating microinvasion in resection specimens of breast tumors.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/metabolismo , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/patología , Metaloproteasas/biosíntesis , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/enzimología , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/cirugía , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Metaloproteasas/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Células del Estroma/enzimología , Células del Estroma/patología , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) are involved in several key aspects of tumoral growth, invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to characterize on how the different histological types of breast cancer differ in the expression of several components of this enzymatic system. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study was performed in 50 ductal, 23 lobular, 14 mucinous, 7 tubular, 4 papillary and 5 medullary invasive carcinomas, using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against 7 MMPs and 3 tisullar TIMPs. Staining results were categorized by means of a specific software program (score values). RESULTS: Carcinomas of the ductal type showed higher score values for MMPs and TIMPs than the other histological types; whereas mucinous carcinomas had lower scores values for expressions of the majority of these proteins. Stromal fibroblasts were more frequently positive for MMP-1, -7 and -13 and TIMP-1 and -3, when present in carcinomas of the ductal type than in other histological types of breast carcinomas. Stromal mononuclear inflammatory cells were more frequently positive for MMP-1 and TIMP-3, but more often negative for MMP-7, -9 and -11, when located in carcinomas of the ductal type than in other histological types of breast carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: We found variations in MMP/TIMP expressions among the different histological subtypes of breast carcinomas suggesting differences in their tumor pathophysiology.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Metaloproteasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Carcinoma Lobular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Lobular/patología , Carcinoma Medular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Medular/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/metabolismo , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Análisis de Matrices TisularesRESUMEN
An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against MMPs -1, -2, -7, -9, -11, -13, -14, and TIMPs -1, -2 and -3. More than 5,000 determinations on cancer specimens from 124 patients with invasive breast cancer were performed at the center of the tumor and the invasive front. Immunostaining for MMPs/TIMPs by fibroblasts was evaluated. To identify specific groups of tumors with distinct expression profiles, the data obtained from both fibroblast populations were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Intratumor stromal fibroblasts more frequently showed expression of MMP-2, -7, and -14, and TIMP-3, but less frequently of MMP-9 than fibroblasts at the invasive front. Multivariate analysis showed that a high profile of MMPs and TIMPs staining in both fibroblast populations was the most potent predictor factor of distant metastases, whereas a low staining profile in fibroblasts was associated with a low risk of metastases.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/enzimología , Fibroblastos/enzimología , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/biosíntesis , Inhibidores Tisulares de Metaloproteinasas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Pronóstico , Células del Estroma/enzimología , Análisis de Matrices TisularesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Gene expression analysis has identified several breast cancer subtypes, including luminal, epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+), and basal-like. To determine if our proposed molecular taxonomy correlates with biological and clinical behavior. This is based on four biological markers: estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), HER2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (HER1), all of them being determined by quantitative assays. STUDY DESIGN: The biological parameters were examined by enzyme immunoassay, radioligand-binding assay or ELISA, in tumors from 787 patients with invasive breast cancer. Patients were prospectively evaluated over a median follow-up period of 50 months. Subtype definitions were as follows: luminal (ER+), HER2+ (HER2+, ER-, PgR-) and basal-like (HER2-, ER-, PgR-). In addition, we divided basal tumors into two groups based on their HER1 status. RESULTS: A 55.8% of tumors were of luminal type, 11.9% basal-like HER1+, 10.7 basal-like HER1-, and the remainder 21.6% HER2+. Both HER2+ and basal-like subtypes were more frequent in younger and premenopausal women, showing a higher percentage of cases of poorly differentiated tumors and higher S-phase fraction, when compared with those of luminal subtype. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the subtype of tumor was related to both relapse and overall survival, being those of luminal subtype associated with the best prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Through the classification of breast tumors in four groups, according to their ER, PgR, HER2 and HER1 status, it is possible to obtain a major division of breast tumors associated with significant differences in biological features and clinical behavior.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hyaluronan a high-molecular weight glycosaminoglycan, is considered to be involved in the growth and progression of malignant tumours. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cytosolic hyaluronan content in gastric cancer cells, its possible relationship with clinicopathological tumour parameters and its potential prognostic significance. METHODS: Cytosolic hyaluronan levels were examined utilizing immunoenzymatic techniques in 129 patients with gastric cancer. The mean follow-up period for these patients was 28 months. RESULTS: Cytosolic hyaluronan levels ranged widely in tumours as well as in adjacent mucosal samples (median (range) 2822 (50-24,523) versus 3650 (507-20,782) ng/mg protein). Statistical analysis showed that tumour hyaluronan levels correlated significantly with patient's sex and the presence of lymphatic invasion. In addition, high tumour hyaluronan levels were significantly associated with shorter overall survival period (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high tumoral cytosolic hyaluronan levels are associated with lesions of unfavorable outcome in gastric cancer patients. Thus, hyaluronan may provide additional prognostic information to that given by other biochemical markers currently used in gastric cancer.
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Adenocarcinoma/clasificación , Ácido Hialurónico/análisis , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Gástricas/química , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Citosol/química , Femenino , Gastrectomía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The protein encoded by the c-erbB-2 gene is a membrane receptor expressed in a variety of solid human cancers and directly related to poor prognosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical value of the quantification of membranous oncoprotein levels in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Membranous c-erbB-2 levels were examined by means of a sandwich immunoenzymatic assay in 82 patients with gastric cancer. The median follow-up period for these patients was 16 months. In addition, c-erbB-2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 57 gastric carcinomas. RESULTS: Membranous c-erbB-2 levels ranged widely in the studied tumors (44-112,000 NHU/mg protein). Median c-erbB2 content was significantly higher in intestinal-type tumors than in diffuse-type tumors (p = 0.01). In addition, high levels of c-erbB-2 were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival in patients with resectable gastric carcinomas (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). However, the correlation between immunohistochemistry and ELISA determinations did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a potential prognostic value of membranous c-erbB-2 quantification by immunoenzymatic assay in gastric cancer. However, its possible role in the selection of patients with a view to the possible introduction of Herceptin as a novel drug against gastric cancer is at present uncertain.
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Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Inmunohistoquímica , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2 are membrane receptors expressed in a variety of solid human cancers and directly correlated with poor prognosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the EGFR and c-erbB-2 levels in non-resectable gastric carcinomas, their possible relationship with a variety of clinicopathological tumor parameters, and their prognostic significance. METHODS: This was a prospective analysis of 65 patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas (UICC R1 or R2), who underwent palliative surgery and were followed up for a median period of 13 months. Membranous EGFR levels were examined by radioligand binding assays and cytosolic c-erbB-2 levels by means of an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: There was a wide variability in EGFR (80.3-2910 fmol/mg of protein) and c-erbB-2 (0.4-10071 NHU/mg of protein) levels in neoplastic tissues from patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas. Median c-erbB2 was significantly higher in tumors of the intestinal type than in tumors of the diffuse type (p = 0.035) and in R2 than in R1 tumors (p = 0.016). Statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between tumor c-erbB-2 or EGFR content and any other patient or tumor characteristics. However, high levels of EGFR were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a role of both transmembrane proteins in the progression of gastric cancer. EGFR and c-erbB-2 contents in unresectable gastric cancer could be utilized as appropriate biological markers for selecting candidates for treatment based on EGFR and/or c-erbB-2 inhibition.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Receptores ErbB/biosíntesis , Receptor ErbB-2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Citosol/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Ensayo de Unión Radioligante , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic value of the preoperative serum levels of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in primary colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Preoperative serum levels of CEA were analyzed in 275 colorectal cancer patients, who were followed up for a minimum of 5 years, or until death. RESULTS: The percentage of positivities for the preoperative serum levels of CEA (> 6 ng/ml) was positively and significantly associated with the tumoral stage (A: 10,5%; B: 38,8%; C: 32,2%; y D: 72%; p < 0,0001). In addition, the elevated serum values of the antigen were significantly associated, in the univariate analysis, with short survival in the overall group of patients (p < 0,0001). However, the multivariate analysis only showed an independent prognosis value of the CEA in the subgroup of patients with stage C tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum levels of CEA may be useful to predict tumoral extension, and also for the prognosis regarding stage C colorectal cancer patients.
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Adenocarcinoma/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Proteínas de Neoplasias/sangre , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Tablas de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , España/epidemiología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to assess the participation of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-cGMP system in electrolyte and volume handling of cholestatic rats submitted to an acute oral sodium load. Cholestasis was induced by ligation and section of the common bile duct (n = 51). Control rats were sham operated (n = 56). Three weeks after surgery, 24-hr urinary volume, sodium, potassium, cGMP and creatinine excretion were measured. Three days later, animals received 10 mmol/kg NaCl (1 M) by gavage, and urinary excretion was measured for 6 hr. In parallel groups of rats, plasma volume, electrolytes and ANP concentration, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and renal medullary ANP-induced cGMP production were determined in basal conditions or 1 hr after oral sodium overload. As compared with controls, cholestatic rats had a larger ECFV and higher plasma ANP (67.2 +/- 5.2 vs 39.7 +/- 3.5 pg/ml), but lower hematocrit and blood volume, and were hyponatremic. Cholestatic rats showed higher basal excretion of sodium, potassium, and volume than controls, but equal urinary cGMP. After the NaCl overload, cholestatic rats showed a reduced sodium excretion but equal urinary cGMP. One hr after sodium overload, both groups showed hypernatremia, but whereas in control rats ECFV and ANP increased (50.7 +/- 4.1 pg/ml), in cholestatic rats ECFV was unchanged, and plasma volume and ANP were reduced (37.5 +/- 5.8 pg/ml). ANP-induced cGMP production in renal medulla was similar in cholestatic and control nonloaded rats (14.2 +/- 5.2 vs 13.4 +/- 2.6 fmol/min/mg). One hr after the load, medullary cGMP production rose significantly in both groups, without difference between them (20.6 +/- 3.1 vs 22.7 +/- 1. 7 fmol/min/mg). We conclude that the blunted excretion of an acute oral sodium load in cholestatic rats is associated with lower plasma ANP due to differences in body fluid distribution and cannot be explained by renal refractoriness to ANP.
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Factor Natriurético Atrial/fisiología , Colestasis/fisiopatología , Natriuresis , Sodio/administración & dosificación , Animales , Factor Natriurético Atrial/sangre , Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Volumen Sanguíneo , Creatinina/orina , GMP Cíclico/análisis , GMP Cíclico/orina , Diuresis , Femenino , Hematócrito , Médula Renal/química , Ligadura , Potasio/orina , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sodio/sangre , OrinaRESUMEN
Mdx mice uniquely recover from degenerative dystrophic lesions through an intense myoproliferative response. The onset and progression of this process are controlled by a complex set of interactions between myoblasts and their environment. The presence of the extracellular matrix is essential for normal myogenesis. Proteoglycans are abundant components of the extracellular matrix. The synthesis of proteoglycans in mdx mice during skeletal muscle regeneration was evaluated. Incorporation of radioactive sulfate demonstrated a significant increase in the synthesis of several types of proteoglycans in mdx animals compared to age-matched controls. The size and charge of proteoglycans synthesized by the mdx mice remained unchanged. In particular, one of the up-regulated proteoglycans, the small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan decorin which is known to bind and to sequester transforming growth factor-beta, was investigated. Immunocytolocalization and in situ hybridization studies showed that decorin mainly accumulated in the endomysium, i.e. around individual skeletal muscle fibers from M. tibialis anterior and diaphragm.
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Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular Animal/metabolismo , Proteoglicanos/biosíntesis , Factores de Edad , Animales , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Decorina , Diafragma/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular , Hibridación in Situ , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos mdx , Regeneración , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
The distribution and time of appearance of 5HT-storing cells were studied in samples from the pancreas of mice embryos from 7 to 19 days of gestation. Additionally, 1- and 15-day-old newborns and adult specimens were also examined. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells appeared for the first time in the dorsal pancreatic primordium at 10 days of gestation and increased rapidly in number through E15. From this age, the cellular number diminished in the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma, although an increase of endocrine cells in Wirsung's duct can be detected. At day 15 of extrauterine life, we could only observe some cells in the surface epithelium of pancreatic duct of Wirsung. Islet immunoreactive cells could only be detected in adult animals.
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Páncreas/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Animales , Embrión de Mamíferos/citología , Embrión de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Páncreas/citología , Páncreas/crecimiento & desarrollo , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The problem of the difficulty experienced by non-radiologists in reading a convention knee arthrogram is discussed. A new method is proposed, consisting of air as contrast medium in combination with direct radiological magnification. Operative control of the first 100 patients showed correct arthrographic diagnosis in 91%. The advantage of the new method is a better presentation of meniscus pathology to the operating surgeon and the possibility of video documentation.