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BACKGROUND: Theoretical advantages of Turnbull-Cutait pull-through delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) are a reduced risk of anastomotic leak and therefore avoidance of stoma. Gradually abandoned in favor of immediate coloanal anastomosis (ICAA) with diverting stoma, DCAA has regained popularity in recent years in reconstructive surgery for low RC, especially when combined with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The aim of this study was to perform the first meta-analysis, exploring the safety and outcomes of DCAA compared to ICAA with protective stoma. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases was performed for studies published from January 2000 until December 2020. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review on Interventions recommendations and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: Out of 2626 studies screened, 9 were included in the systematic review and 4 studies in the meta-analysis. Outcomes included were postoperative complications, pelvic sepsis and risk of definitive stoma. Considering postoperative complications classified as Clavien-Dindo III, no significant difference existed in the rate of postoperative morbidity between DCAA and ICAA (13% versus 21%; OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.38-3.62; p = 0.78; I2 = 20%). Patients in the DCAA group experienced a lower rate of postoperative pelvic sepsis compared with patients undergoing ICAA with diverting stoma (7% versus 14%; OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.16-0.85; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). The risk of definitive stoma was comparable between the two groups (2% versus 2% OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.15-3.85; p = 0.75; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: According to the limited current evidence, DCAA is associated with a significant decrease in pelvic sepsis. Further prospective trials focusing on oncologic and functional outcomes are needed.

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INTRODUCTION: To explore the reported variability in the surgical management of ileocolonic Crohn' s disease and identify areas of standard practice, we present this study which aims to assess how different colorectal surgeons with a subspecialty interest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surgery may act in different clinical scenarios of ileocolonic Crohn's disease. METHODS: Anonymous videos demonstrating the small bowel walkthrough and anonymised patients' clinical data, imaging and pathological findings were distributed to the surgeons using an electronic tool. Surgeons answered on operative strategy, bowel resections, management of small bowel mesentery, type of anastomosis and use of stomas. RESULTS: Eight small bowel walkthrough videos were registered and 12 assessors completed the survey with a questionnaire completion rate of 87.5%. There was 87.7% agreement in the need to perform an ileocolonic resection. However, the agreement for the need to perform associated surgical procedures such as strictureplasties or further bowel resections was only 57.4%. When an anastomosis was fashioned, the side to side configuration was the most commonly used. The preferred management of the mesentery was dissection close to the bowel. CONCLUSIONS: The decision on the main procedure to be performed had a high agreement amongst the different assessors, but the treatment of multifocal disease was highly controversial, with low agreement on the need for associated procedures to treat internal fistulae and the use of strictureplasties. At the same time, there was significant heterogeneity in the decision on when to anastomose and when to fashion an ileostomy.

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BACKGROUND: Assessment of the entire small bowel is advocated during Crohn's disease (CD) surgery, as intraoperative detection of new lesions may lead to change in the planned procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-observer variability in the assessment of extent and severity of CD at the small bowel laparoscopic "walkthrough". METHODS: A survey on laparoscopic assessment of the small bowel in patients with CD, including items adapted from the MREnterography or ultrasound in Crohn's disease (METRIC) study and from the classification of severity of mesenteric disease was developed by an invited committee of colorectal surgeons. Anonymous laparoscopic videos demonstrating the small bowel "walkthrough" in ileocolonic resection for primary and recurrent CD were distributed to the committee members together with the anonymous survey. The primary outcome was the rate of inter-observer variability on assessment of strictures, dilatations, complications and severity of mesenteric inflammation. RESULTS: 12 assessors completed the survey on 8 small bowel walkthrough videos. The evaluation of the small bowel thickening and of the mesenteric fat wrapping were the most reliable assessments with an overall agreement of 87.1% (k = 0.31; 95% CI - 0.22, 0.84) and 82.7% (k = 0.35; 95% CI - 0.04, 0.73), respectively. The presence of strictures and pre-stenotic dilatation demonstrated agreement of 75.2% (k = 0.06: 95% CI - 0.33, 0.45) and 71.2% (k = 0.33; 95% CI 0.15, 0.51), respectively. Evaluation of fistulae had an overall agreement of 75.3%, while there was a significant variation in the evaluation of mild, moderate and severe mesenteric disease with overall agreement ranging from 33.3 to 100%. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic assessment of the small bowel thickening and of the presence of mesenteric fat wrapping is reliable for the intraoperative evaluation of CD with high inter-rater agreement. There is significant heterogeneity in the assessment of the severity of the mesenteric disease involvement.

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The affiliation of the author Silvio Danese has been incorrectly published in the original publication.

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The affiliation of the author Silvio Danese has been incorrectly published in the original publication. The complete correct affiliation should read as follows.

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The affiliation of the author Silvio Danese has been incorrectly published in the original publication.

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The Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) promoted the project reported here, which consists of a position statement of Italian colorectal surgeons to address the surgical aspects of Crohn's disease management. Members of the society were invited to express their opinions on several items proposed by the writing committee, based on evidence available in the literature. The results are presented, focusing on relevant points. The present paper is not an alternative to available guidelines; rather, it offers a snapshot of the attitudes of SICCR surgeons about the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. The committee was able to identify some points of major disagreement and suggested strategies to improve quality of available data and acceptance of guidelines.

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The Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) promoted the project reported here, which consists of a Position Statement of Italian colorectal surgeons to address the surgical aspects of ulcerative colitis management. Members of the society were invited to express their opinions on several items proposed by the writing committee, based on evidence available in the literature. The results are presented, focusing on relevant points. The present paper is not an alternative to available guidelines; rather, it offers a snapshot of the attitudes of SICCR surgeons about the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. The committee was able to identify some points of major disagreement and suggested strategies to improve the quality of available data and acceptance of guidelines.

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The Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) promoted the project reported here, which consists of a Position Statement of Italian colorectal surgeons to address the surgical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease management. Members of the society were invited to express their opinions on several items proposed by the writing committee, based on evidence available in the literature. The results are presented, focusing on relevant points. The present paper is not an alternative to available guidelines; rather, it offers a snapshot of the attitudes of SICCR surgeons about the general principles of surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The committee was able to identify some points of major disagreement and suggested strategies to improve quality of available data and acceptance of guidelines.

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AIM: Transection of the distal rectum and subsequent anastomosis differ between the open, minimally invasive and transanal approaches. With the transanal technique, there is direct control of the transection level and the single-stapled anastomosis, thus overcoming two crucial limitations of rectal surgery. This study describes a technique for precise a transanal rectal transection with a single-stapled (TTSS) colorectal, coloanal or ileoanal anastomosis in 20 consecutive patients undergoing low rectal surgery. METHODS: After completing rectal dissection by the preferred technique (open or minimally invasive), TTSS was created. The detailed video describes this technique. RESULTS: TTSS was feasible in all patients: 13 underwent total mesorectal excision + TTSS for low rectal cancer and seven underwent ileoanal pouch + TTSS for benign disease. Complications included one Grade IIIa and three Grade I, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (median follow-up 6 months). CONCLUSION: TTSS represents a technique which can be applied regardless of the preferred approach (open, minimally invasive or transanal) for low rectal dissection. The adoption of TTSS could well allow for a more consistent comparison of the outcomes following the differing approaches to rectal surgery.

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AIM: An anastomotic leak in ileoanal pouch surgery may lead to pouch failure. Constructing a tension-free ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) reduces this risk but can be technically challenging, balancing pouch vascularization with ileal mesenteric length and site of vessel ligation. Fluorescence angiography (FA) may help the clinician make a more balanced judgement. METHODS: Thirty-two patients undergoing minimally invasive completion proctectomy with FA-guided IPAA at two academic centres were matched and compared on a 1:1 basis to a historical group undergoing the same procedure without the use of this technique. RESULTS: Ligation of the ileocolic vessels was safely performed in 15/32 (47%) of FA patients compared with 5/32 (16%) of historical controls. One patient underwent intra-operative IPAA reconstruction after FA detected ischaemia. No anastomotic leak occurred with FA but there was only one in the historical controls (P = 0.31). The postoperative complication rate was similar between the two groups (P = 0.60). CONCLUSION: FA is applicable to IPAA surgery and may help to reduce perfusion-related anastomotic leaks. A prospective randomized trial is warranted.

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BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy is the gold standard for elective surgical treatment of diverticulitis. A periumbilical single-port technique reduces the size of the access wound, usually to 3-4 cm. However, in the presence of large phlegmon or fistulae, the risk of conversion is higher and the extraction site might be enlarged. A suprapubic Pfannenstiel incision reduces the risk of incisional hernia compared to umbilical access and might provide the possibility to perform sigmoidectomy with a hybrid technique. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic sigmoidectomy through a single suprapubic transverse access for large diverticular phlegmon. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a diverticular inflammatory mass ≥ 5 cm, with or without sigmoid-vesical fistula, were considered candidates for laparoscopic sigmoidectomy through a 5-cm single-port suprapubic (SPSP) access, extended (if required) to match the size of the inflammatory mass. RESULTS: Twenty patients underwent SPSP sigmoidectomy at our institution in April 2014-April 2017. All procedures were completed by SPSP access, with no intraoperative complications or need for additional trocar placement. Eight patients had a sigmoid-vesical fistula (bladder sutured in three patients). The splenic flexure was mobilized in nine patients. Median operative time was 178 min and median hospital stay was 5.5 days (iqr 4-6). Postoperative complications occurred in four patients and included one subcutaneous hematoma, one urinary tract infection, and two superficial wound infections. After a median follow-up time of 25 months (interquartile range 15-38), all patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms, with no incisional hernias reported. CONCLUSIONS: SPSP sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis is feasible and effective, minimizing the size of the access wound and avoiding increased risk of hernia. This approach might be especially valuable for the management of large diverticular phlegmon and sigmoid-vesical fistula.

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