RESUMEN
Resumo: Introdução: A difusão tecnológica do mercado de trabalho exige o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências diferenciadas dos enfermeiros, para que estes possam assumir novas responsabilidades gerenciais e organizacionais. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura instrumentos para avaliação das competências necessárias à liderança em enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual utilizou as bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Scopus. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 estudos nesta revisão os quais identificaram os seguintes instrumentos: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practives Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performace Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) e um instrumento constituído por construtos para capacitar sobre os comportamentos de comunicação dos líderes em enfermagem, cujo título não foi informado pelos autores. Conclusão: Esta revisão integrativa da literatura identificou dez instrumentos para avaliar as competências essenciais à liderança em enfermagem. A comunicação foi identificada como uma das principais competências alinhada ao papel de gestor. A tomada de decisão, a habilidade social, o gerenciamento da equipe, a informação atualizada e a gestão estratégica e financeira são elementos de suma importância no exercício gerencial e assistencial do enfermeiro, para que se estabeleça uma relação harmônica entre os líderes e os liderados no processo de trabalho.
Resumen: Introducción: La difusión tecnológica del mercado de trabajo exige el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias diferenciadas de los enfermeros, para que puedan asumir nuevas responsabilidades gerenciales y organizacionales. Objetivo: Identificar instrumentos en la literatura para evaluar las habilidades necesarias para el liderazgo en enfermería. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura que utilizó las bases Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Scopus. Resultados: 10 estudios fueron seleccionados en esta revisión, que identificaron los siguientes instrumentos: escala Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC); Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performace Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) y un instrumento que consiste en constructos para la capacitación en conductas de comunicación de los líderes de enfermería, cuyo título no fue informado por los autores. Conclusión: Esta revisión integradora de la literatura identificó diez instrumentos para evaluar las competencias esenciales para el liderazgo en enfermería. La comunicación fue identificada como una de las principales competencias alineadas con el rol de gerente. La toma de decisiones, las habilidades sociales, el manejo de equipos, la información actualizada y la gestión estratégica y financiera son elementos de suma importancia en el ejercicio gerencial y asistencial del enfermero, para que se establezca una relación armoniosa entre los líderes y quienes son conducidos en el proceso de trabajo.
Abstract: Introduction: The technological spread of the job market requires the development of differentiated skills and competences of nurses, so that they can assume new managerial and organizational responsibilities. Objective: to identify instruments in the literature to assess the skills necessary for leadership in nursing. Method: an integrative literature review which used the bases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Results: 10 studies were selected in this review, which identified the following instruments: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performance Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF), and an instrument whose title was not informed by the authors, consisting of constructs to enable nursing leader communication behaviors. Conclusion: This integrative literature review identified ten instruments to assess essential competencies for leadership in nursing. Communication was identified as one of the main competencies aligned with the role of manager. Decision making, social skills, team management, up-to-date information, strategic and financial management are extremely important elements in the nurse's managerial and care exercise, so that a harmonious relationship is established between leaders and those who are led in the job process. Objective: to identify instruments in the literature to assess the skills necessary for leadership in nursing. Method: integrative literature review which used the bases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Results: 10 studies were selected in this review, which identified the following instruments: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performance Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) is an instrument whose title was not informed by the authors, consisting of constructs to enable nursing leader communication behaviors. Conclusion: This integrative literature review identified ten instruments to assess essential competencies for leadership in nursing. Communication was identified as one of the main competencies aligned with the role of manager. Decision making, social skills, team management, up-to-date information, strategic and financial management are extremely important elements in the nurse's managerial and care exercise, so that a harmonious relationship is established between leaders and those who are led in the process of the job.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Revelar as vivências e as estratégias de enfrentamento diante da violência no trabalho sofrida por enfermeiros de Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. Material e Método: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido entre novembro e dezembro de 2018 por meio de entrevistas individuais e gravadas em áudio, com 21 enfermeiros de duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de uma cidade localizada no interior do Paraná, Brasil. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Foram identificadas quatro categorias: 1) Motivos para a violência no trabalho de enfermagem; 2) desdobramento da violência no trabalho de enfermagem; 3) os sentimentos dos enfermeiros em relação à violência no trabalho; e 4) as estratégias de enfrentamento dos enfermeiros diante da violência no trabalho. As vivências de violência estão relacionadas à demora na assistência, ser mulher e exercer atividades públicas. Quanto às estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas estiveram pautadas com o comunicar às autoridades locais, exercer a escuta ativa e empatia, manter a calma e a espiritualidade. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros têm um olhar crítico e abrangente sobre a violência que sofrem no ambiente laboral das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento advindos dos pacientes e acompanhantes devido a fatores como demora no atendimento, recursos humanos em quantidade não adequada, alta demanda de pacientes, bem como a questão de preconceitos com trabalhadores do sexo feminino na enfermagem.
ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the experiences and coping strategies in the face of workplace violence suffered by nurses in Emergency Care Units. Material and Method: Qualitative study conducted between November and December 2018 through individual and audio-recorded interviews with 21 nurses from two Emergency Care Units in a city located in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For data analysis, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used. Results: The following four categories were identified: 1) Motives for violence in the nursing work; 2) Violence escalation in the nursing work process; 3) The nurse's feelings concerning work-related violence; and 4) The coping strategies among nurses in the face of work-related violence. The experiences of violence were related to delayed care, being a woman and holding important public activities. The coping strategies used were communicating to local authorities, practicing exercising active listening and empathy, keeping calm and spirituality. Conclusions: Nurses have a critical and comprehensive view of the violence they suffer in the work environment of Emergency Care Units from patients and companions due to factors such as delayed care, inadequate human resources, high patient demand, and prejudice against female nursing workers.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las vivencias y estrategias de afrontamiento ante la violencia laboral que sufren los enfermeros en Servicios de Atención de Urgencia. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo cuya recolección de datos se realizó entre noviembre y diciembre de 2018 a través de entrevistas individuales y grabadas en audio, a 21 enfermeras de dos Servicios de Atención de Urgencias de una ciudad del interior de Paraná, Brasil. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: Fueron identificadas cuatro categorías, a saber: 1) Los motivos de la violencia en el trabajo de enfermería; 2) Desdoblamientos de la violencia en el proceso de trabajo de Enfermería; 3) Los sentimientos del enfermero o la enfermera frente a la violencia laboral y 4) Los enfrentamientos utilizados por enfermeros y enfermeras frente a la violencia laboral. Las experiencias de violencia estuvieron relacionadas con el retraso en el cuidado, ser mujer y ejercer actividades públicas. Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas son la comunicación a las autoridades locales, el ejercicio de la escucha activa y la empatía, el mantenimiento de la calma y la espiritualidad. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras tienen una mirada crítica e integral sobre la violencia que sufren en el ambiente de trabajo de las Unidades de Atención de Urgencia de pacientes y acompañantes, en donde están presentes factores como la demora en la atención, recursos humanos inadecuados, alta demanda de pacientes, así como los prejuicios contra las trabajadoras de enfermería.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the cost and factors associated with the hospitalization of patients undergoing heart transplantation. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach developed at an important heart transplant center in southern Brazil. Twenty patients who had undergone transplantation during the period 2007 to 2016 were included in the study. Central tendency measures and values presented as mean ± SD or median and quartiles were calculated. Multiple linear regression was performed to verify the variables that interfered with the cost. RESULTS: The cost of hospitalization of patients undergoing heart transplantation was $522,997.26 in Brazilian reals ($220,002.58 in US dollars). The Brazilian public health system was responsible for paying the hospital bill of all patients. Female sex, patients up to 40 years of age, and length of stay in the hospital units were variables that were related to the highest values for the hospital service. Clinical complications of the patients during the hospitalization period were also factors that were related to the greater length of stay in the hospitalization units, reflecting higher expenses for the health institution. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for health managers to implement strategies that will minimize complications, such as health care-related infections, that can be prevented during hospitalization and to stimulate the allocation of resources in order to improve care and reduce hospital expenses.