Asunto(s)
Anestesia , Dengue , Atención Perioperativa , Humanos , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Anestesia/métodosRESUMEN
The AIDS epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. This retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to the Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, from January, 2001 through December, 2004. Of the 828 patients, 43% were from other states and 71.3% were men. Average patient age was 35.4 +/- 11.5 years-old and 85.5% were illiterate or had primary education. The main form of exposure to HIV was heterosexual behavior (54.1%), while injectable drug use was confirmed by only 2.7% of registered cases. The most frequent infectious complications were candidiasis (42.4%) and pneumocystosis (22.2%). Sixty-eight cases (8.2%) of visceral leishmaniasis were registered. Using multivariate analysis, individuals aged over 40 years-old, patients with active tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and central nervous system cryptococcosis showed increased risk of death. In this study, young male adults with low educational levels predominated and the most frequent opportunistic infections were candidiasis and pneumocystosis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Escolaridad , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The AIDS epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. This retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to the Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, from January, 2001 through December, 2004. Of the 828 patients, 43 percent were from other states and 71.3 percent were men. Average patient age was 35.4 ± 11.5 years-old and 85.5 percent were illiterate or had primary education. The main form of exposure to HIV was heterosexual behavior (54.1 percent), while injectable drug use was confirmed by only 2.7 percent of registered cases. The most frequent infectious complications were candidiasis (42.4 percent) and pneumocystosis (22.2 percent). Sixty-eight cases (8.2 percent) of visceral leishmaniasis were registered. Using multivariate analysis, individuals aged over 40 years-old, patients with active tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and central nervous system cryptococcosis showed increased risk of death. In this study, young male adults with low educational levels predominated and the most frequent opportunistic infections were candidiasis and pneumocystosis.
A epidemia de AIDS tornou-se um fenômeno mundial de grande magnitude e extensão, transformando profundamente a prática médica e as iniciativas em saúde pública. O estudo retrospectivo analisou as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados no Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2004 . Dos 828 pacientes, 43 por cento eram provenientes de outros estados e 71,3 por cento eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi 35,4 ± 11,5 anos. Eram analfabetos ou cursaram até o ensino fundamental 85,5 por cento. A principal via de exposição ao HIV foi o comportamento heterossexual (54,1 por cento), enquanto o uso de drogas injetáveis foi observado em apenas 2,7 por cento dos casos registrados. As complicações infecciosas mais freqüentes foram candidíase (42,4 por cento) e pneumocistose (22,2 por cento). Foram computados 68 casos de leishmaniose visceral. Em análise multivariada, idade acima de 40 anos, portadores de tuberculose, pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii, neurocriptococcose associaram-se a maior risco de evolução para o óbito. Predominaram, neste estudo, adultos jovens do sexo masculino, com baixa escolaridade, tendo como infecções oportunistas mais freqüentes candidíase e pneumocistose.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Escolaridad , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Knowledge of the population in regards to stroke has clinical and epidemiological importance. Prompt identification of the symptoms means efficient medical attendance within the window of therapeutic opportunities reducing significantly the morbidity-mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the population of Teresina (PI) concerning factors of risk, symptoms and treatment of stroke. The door-to-door study was carried out by means of a standardized application of questionnaire on risk factors, symptoms and attitude when faced with a stroke victim. 991 forms were selected. Factors of risk more cited were hypertension identified by 416 [42.0%] and hyperlipidemia 284 [28.7%]. The most remembered symptoms were headache 277 [28.0%] and hemiplegia 219 [22.1%]. 375 (37.8%) respondents were unable to identify any risk factors and and 410 (41.4%) any symptom. The lack of knowledge of the population of Teresina in relation to stroke reflects the need for intervention through public and professional educational campaigns.
Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Población Urbana , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Cefalea/etiología , Hemiplejía/etiología , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Renta , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapiaRESUMEN
Knowledge of the population in regards to stroke has clinical and epidemiological importance. Prompt identification of the symptoms means efficient medical attendance within the window of therapeutic opportunities reducing significantly the morbi-mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the population of Teresina (PI) concerning factors of risk, symptoms and treatment of stroke. The door-to-door study was carried out by means of a standardized application of questionnaire on risk factors, symptoms and attitude when faced with a stroke victim. 991 forms were selected. Factors of risk more cited were hypertension identified by 416 [42.0 percent] and hyperlipidemia 284 [28.7 percent]. The most remembered symptoms were headache 277 [28.0 percent] and hemiplegia 219 [22.1 percent]. 375 (37.8 percent) respondents were unable to identify any risk factors and and 410 (41.4 percent) any symptom. The lack of knowledge of the population of Teresina in relation to stroke reflects the need for intervention through public and professional educational campaigns.
O conhecimento da população sobre doenças cerebrovasculares (DCV) possui importância clínica e epidemiológica. A rápida identificação dos sintomas significará atendimento médico eficiente dentro das janelas de oportunidades terapêuticas reduzindo significativamente a morbimortalidade. Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de conhecimento da população de Teresina (PI) acerca dos fatores de risco, sintomas e tratamento das DCV. O estudo populacional, porta-a-porta, foi conduzido mediante aplicação padronizada de um questionário sobre fatores de risco, sintomas e atitude diante de um caso de DCV. Foram eleitos 991 formulários preenchidos. Os fatores de risco mais citados foram hipertensão arterial identificada por 416 [42,0 por cento] e hiperlipidemia 284 [28,7 por cento]. Os sintomas mais lembrados foram cefaléia 277 [28,0 por cento] e hemiplegia 219 [22,1 por cento]. Não identificaram nenhum fator de risco 375 (37,8 por cento) respondedores e 410 (41,4 por cento), nenhum sintoma. O reduzido conhecimento da população de Teresina com relação às DCV reflete a necessidade de intervenção com campanhas educativas públicas e profissionais nesta população.