RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occurs in a subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke and early decompressive craniectomy (DC) is one of its treatments. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional outcome of patients with malignant ischemic stroke treated with decompressive craniectomy at a neurological emergency center in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective cohort study, in which 25 patients were divided into two groups: those undergoing surgical treatment with DC and those who continued to receive standard conservative treatment (CT). Functionality was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at follow-up after six months. RESULTS: A favorable outcome (mRS≤3) was observed in 37.5% of the DC patients and 29.4% of CT patients (p=0.42). Fewer patients who underwent surgical treatment died (25%), compared to those treated conservatively (52.8%); however, with no statistical significance. Nonetheless, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe disability (mRS 4â5) was higher in the surgical group (37.5%) than in the non-surgical group (17.7%). CONCLUSION: In absolute values, superiority in the effectiveness of DC over CT was perceived, showing that the reduction in mortality was at the expense of increased disability.
Asunto(s)
Craniectomía Descompresiva , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Brasil , Humanos , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Well studied in patients with ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapies (RT), hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is also common in patients not treated with RT and can lead to disability even in initially asymptomatic cases. The best predictors of HT in patients not treated with RT are not well established. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of HT in patients not submitted to RT and create a user-friendly predictive score (PROpHET). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Center from 2015 to 2017 were prospectively evaluated and randomly selected to the derivation cohort. A multivariable logistic regression modeling was built to produce a predictive grading score for HT. The external validation was assessed using datasets from 7 Comprehensive Stroke Centers using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: In the derivation group, 448 patients were included in the final analysis. The validation group included 2,683 patients. The score derived from significant predictors of HT in the multivariate logistic regression analysis was male sex (1 point), ASPECTS ≤ 7 (2 points), presence of leukoaraiosis (1 point), hyperdense cerebral middle artery sign (1 point), glycemia at admission ≥180 mg/dL (1 point), cardioembolism (1 point) and lacunar syndrome (-3 points) as a protective factor. The grading score ranges from -3 to 7. A Score ≥3 had 78.2% sensitivity and 75% specificity, and AUROC of 0.82 for all cases of HT. In the validation cohort, our score had an AUROC of 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: The PROpHET is a simple, quick, cost-free, and easy-to-perform tool that allows risk stratification of HT in patients not submitted to RT. A cost-free computerized version of our score is available online with a user-friendly interface.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Hemorragias Intracraneales/diagnóstico , Hemorragias Intracraneales/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: Malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occurs in a subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke and early decompressive craniectomy (DC) is one of its treatments. Objective: To investigate the functional outcome of patients with malignant ischemic stroke treated with decompressive craniectomy at a neurological emergency center in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Prospective cohort study, in which 25 patients were divided into two groups: those undergoing surgical treatment with DC and those who continued to receive standard conservative treatment (CT). Functionality was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at follow-up after six months. Results: A favorable outcome (mRS≤3) was observed in 37.5% of the DC patients and 29.4% of CT patients (p=0.42). Fewer patients who underwent surgical treatment died (25%), compared to those treated conservatively (52.8%); however, with no statistical significance. Nonetheless, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe disability (mRS 4‒5) was higher in the surgical group (37.5%) than in the non-surgical group (17.7%). Conclusion: In absolute values, superiority in the effectiveness of DC over CT was perceived, showing that the reduction in mortality was at the expense of increased disability.
RESUMO Introdução: O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média (ACM) ocorre em um subgrupo de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico e a craniectomia descompressiva (CD) precoce é um de seus tratamentos. Objetivo: Investigar o desfecho funcional de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico maligno submetidos à craniectomia descompressiva em um centro de emergência neurológica do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Nesta coorte prospectiva, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com craniectomia descompressiva (CD) e aqueles que mantiveram tratamento conservador (TC) padrão. A funcionalidade foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Rankin modificada (ERm) ao final de seis meses de seguimento. Resultados: Evidenciou-se desfecho favorável (ERm≤3) em 37,5% dos pacientes craniectomizados e em 29,4% dos pacientes não craniectomizados (p=0,42). A mortalidade foi menor no grupo de pacientes que se submeteram a tratamento cirúrgico (25%) do que entre aqueles tratados conservadoramente (52,8%), porém sem significância estatística. Por outro lado, a proporção de pacientes com incapacidade moderada a grave (ERm 4‒5) foi maior no grupo cirúrgico (37,5%) do que no grupo não cirúrgico (17,7%). Conclusão: Em valores absolutos, percebeu-se superioridade na eficácia do tratamento cirúrgico sobre o conservador, mostrando que a redução de mortalidade se dá à custa de aumento da incapacidade funcional.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Craniectomía Descompresiva , Brasil , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.
Asunto(s)
Consenso , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Brasil , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Migrañosos/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.
RESUMO Neste artigo um grupo de especialistas no tratamento de cefaleia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia através de um consenso elaborou medidas estratérgicas para tratar uma crise de migrânea tanto na criança como no adulto. Uma enfase particular foi dada no tratamento da migranea na mulher, incluindo gravidez, lactação e período perimenstrual.