RESUMEN
The carotid body (CB) is a chemoreceptor organ located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. It is made up of the carotid glomus, a structure containing type 1 cells surrounded by type 2 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of the CB and carotid glomus in the rat model of l-NAME-induced hypertension. Male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control untreated rats (C) and rats receiving l-NAME 40 mg/kg/day (LN) for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the systolic blood pressure was 63% higher in the LN group compared with the C group. Morphometric analysis showed that the area of the CB was 29% greater in the LN group compared with the C group. The density of nuclei in the CB was similar between groups, but it was 31% less in the carotid glomus of the LN group. Cells in the CB of the LN group displayed cytoplasmic vacuolation and expressed several biogenic amines. There were more elastic fibres, proteoglycans and collagen fibres in the LN group compared with the C group. Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of nuclear factor kB, substance P, vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the LN group, while expression of the protein gene product 9.5 was decreased. l-NAME alters cell morphology and the expression of extracellular matrix molecules in the CB and carotid glomus in rats with l-NAME-induced hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Cuerpo Carotídeo/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidad , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/toxicidad , Animales , Aminas Biogénicas/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Cuerpo Carotídeo/metabolismo , Cuerpo Carotídeo/patología , Núcleo Celular/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Colágenos Fibrilares/metabolismo , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Hipertensión/patología , Masculino , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sustancia P/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study evaluated the presence and density of natural killer (NK) cells as well as collagen density in chronic apical periodontitis lesions and tried to find any correlations with concomitant herpesvirus infection or histopathological status of the lesion. Surgical specimens of chronic apical periodontitis lesions were surveyed for the presence and density of NK cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Collagen density in these lesions was quantified by means of histochemistry. All specimens were positive for the presence of CD57-positive cells. Topographically, CD57-positive cells were found singly or forming clusters in the granulomatous tissue, as well as subjacent and within the cystic epithelium. No significant differences in the density of CD57-positive cells were found between nonepithelialized and epithelialized lesions or between herpesvirus-positive and herpesvirus-negative lesions. Significant differences were found in volumetric density of collagen when comparing nonepithelialized and epithelialized lesions, with the latter demonstrating higher values. When no distinction of lesion type was made, there was no significant difference in collagen density between herpesvirus-positive and herpesvirus-negative lesions. When comparing the collagen density in herpesvirus-positive and herpesvirus-negative specimens from the same lesion type, a significant difference was found in nonepithelialized lesions, with herpesvirus-positive lesions showing lower values. The presence of CD57-positive cells in all chronic apical periodontitis specimens may indicate that activated NK cells play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease, possibly by participating in innate immunity events involved in the control of virus infection. Collagen density may vary in function of the type of lesion and presence of herpesvirus infection.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Células Asesinas Naturales/patología , Periodontitis Periapical/virología , Antígenos CD57/análisis , Recuento de Células , Enfermedad Crónica , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Epitelio/patología , Epitelio/virología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Inmunohistoquímica , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/virología , Granuloma Periapical/inmunología , Granuloma Periapical/patología , Granuloma Periapical/virología , Periodontitis Periapical/inmunología , Periodontitis Periapical/patología , Tejido Periapical/patología , Tejido Periapical/virología , Quiste Radicular/inmunología , Quiste Radicular/patología , Quiste Radicular/virologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the oral ingestion of an extract of the herb Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) on the biodistribution of the radiobiocomplex sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in rats. The animals (male Wistar rats, 2 months old, 180-220 g), were treated (1 mL) with an U. tomentosa extract (32 mg/mL, N = 5) or 0.9% NaCl solution (control, N = 5) for 7 days. After this period, Na99mTcO4 (3.7 MBq, 0.3 mL) was injected through the ocular plexus and after 10 min the rats were killed, the organs isolated and counted in a well-gamma counter. A significant (P < 0.05) alteration in Na99mTcO4 uptake i) from 0.57 +/- 0.008 to 0.39 +/- 0.06 %ATI/organ (P < 0.05) and from 0.57 +/- 0.17 to 0.39 +/- 0.14 %ATI/g (P < 0.05) was observed in the heart, ii) from 0.07 +/- 0.02 to 0.19 +/- 0.07 %ATI/g in the pancreas, and iii) from 0.07 +/- 0.01 to 0.18 +/- 0.07 %ATI/g (P < 0.05) in muscle after treatment with this extract. Although these results were obtained with animals, caution is advisable in the interpretation of the nuclear medicine examination when the patient is using this herb. This finding is probably an example of drug interaction with a radiopharmaceutical, a fact that could lead to misdiagnosis of the examination in clinical practice with unexpected consequences for the patient.
Asunto(s)
Uña de Gato/química , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the oral ingestion of an extract of the herb Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) on the biodistribution of the radiobiocomplex sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in rats. The animals (male Wistar rats, 2 months old, 180-220 g), were treated (1 mL) with an U. tomentosa extract (32 mg/mL, N = 5) or 0.9 percent NaCl solution (control, N = 5) for 7 days. After this period, Na99mTcO4 (3.7 MBq, 0.3 mL) was injected through the ocular plexus and after 10 min the rats were killed, the organs isolated and counted in a well-gamma counter. A significant (P < 0.05) alteration in Na99mTcO4 uptake i) from 0.57 ± 0.008 to 0.39 ± 0.06 percentATI/organ (P < 0.05) and from 0.57 ± 0.17 to 0.39 ± 0.14 percentATI/g (P < 0.05) was observed in the heart, ii) from 0.07 ± 0.02 to 0.19 ± 0.07 percentATI/g in the pancreas, and iii) from 0.07 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.07 percentATI/g (P < 0.05) in muscle after treatment with this extract. Although these results were obtained with animals, caution is advisable in the interpretation of the nuclear medicine examination when the patient is using this herb. This finding is probably an example of drug interaction with a radiopharmaceutical, a fact that could lead to misdiagnosis of the examination in clinical practice with unexpected consequences for the patient.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Uña de Gato/química , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , /farmacocinética , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Distribución Tisular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been used as a medicinal herb. Several biological properties have been associated with this extract, especially, in the increase of the blood flow, in the action as platelet activating factor antagonism and in the prevention of the membrane against the damage caused by free radicals. Radiobiocomplexes have been utilized in various nuclear medicine procedures helping in the diagnosis and/or treatment of human diseases. Many substances have been reported to affect the bioavailability of different radiobiocomplexes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible influence of an EGb on the bioavailability of the sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na) and on the morphometry of some organs isolated from rats. These animals were treated with EGb and 99mTcO4Na was injected. The animals were sacrificed, the organs isolated, counted in a well counter and the percentage of radioactivity per gram of each organ was calculated. The results showed that EGb decreased the uptake of the 99mTcO4Na in the duodenum (P<0.05). Moreover, morphometric analysis has revealed significant modifications (P<0.05) on kidney, liver and duodenum due to the cited treatment. It is speculated that the substances present in the EGb could act directly or generate metabolites capable to promote changes in organs (kidney, liver and duodenum), however, only significant alteration in the uptake of the 99mTcO4Na in the duodenum.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos , Ginkgo biloba/química , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Duodeno/metabolismo , Duodeno/patología , Femenino , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Glomérulos Renales/efectos de los fármacos , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of different diagnostic methods and their use in estimating the prevalence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in males attending a urological clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was derived from a series of 1,153 consecutive males attending a urological clinic in São Paulo between January 1996 and November 1998. Of these 1,153 males, 334 had clinically suspected genital HPV infection and comprised the study cohort. The diagnostic methods used included peniscopy, directed biopsy and HPV detection by means of the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC) assay for both oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types. RESULTS: Peniscopy was performed for 297 males, positive results being reported in 237 cases (79.8%). Directed biopsy was performed in 188 males, and histology suggested HPV in 140 of these cases (74.5%). HC confirmed the presence of HPV in only 35.2% of the histologically HPV-suggestive cases. Peniscopy has good sensitivity for identifying male carriers of genital HPV. However, the technique has an inherent low specificity, limiting its usefulness to the correct identification of those who never present with HPV infection. Characteristic histological alterations are useful in suggesting HPV infection, but their correlation with HPV detection using HC is not particularly good. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that both histology and peniscopy have low specificity in detecting male genital HPV. Accurate diagnosis of HPV infection can be confirmed by molecular detection methods only. Histology, however, plays an important role in the differential diagnosis. An appropriate diagnostic protocol for male genital HPV infections in a urological clinic should include peniscopy, histology and molecular diagnostic tools (HC or polymerase chain reaction).
Asunto(s)
Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Biopsia , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Urología/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
In order to verify the cholesterol influence in RA severity in DBA/1J mice, we quantified the cholesterol present in the knee joints of normal (N) and with collagen II induced arthritis (CIA). Forty male DBA/1J mice, were divided in normal (n=20) and CIA group (n=20). Mice in CIA group were injected with 100 microg of collagen II emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Sixteen DBA/1J (8 N and 8 CIA) received an injection of 2.96 x 10(6) Bq of (3)H-cholesterol and were anesthetized and sacrificed. Semi-fine sections were covered with LM-1 emulsion, exposed for six weeks and developed. Collagen induced edema, erythema and dysfunction of knee joints in CIA group. Radioactive cholesterol was located more on the synovial membrane, where we found the greatest density of silver grains, significantly (P<0.0001) higher in group CIA vs. controls (61-/+2.3 X 18-/+0.7). We conclude that the cholesterol deposits on the synovial membrane is related to CIA severity.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental/metabolismo , Artritis Reumatoide/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Articulaciones/patología , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Animales , Artritis Experimental/inducido químicamente , Artritis Experimental/patología , Artritis Reumatoide/inducido químicamente , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Autorradiografía , Colesterol/administración & dosificación , Colesterol/química , Colágeno Tipo II , Dieta , Miembro Posterior , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos DBA , Tritio/metabolismoRESUMEN
The toxic effects of SnCl2 in K562 cells were analyzed in this study. This cell line is resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) making it suitable to evaluate the impact of SnCl2 in culture either through ROS or by direct toxicity using Trypan blue dye exclusion, comet and flow cytometry assays. An important loss of viability induced by SnCl2 in a dose-response manner was observed in cells treated in Tris-buffered saline (TBS). This necrotic cell death was further confirmed by flow cytometry. On the other hand, there was no loss of viability when cells were treated in rich medium (RPMI). DNA damage was visualized in SnCl2-treated K562 cells in both tested conditions. The data indicate that SnCl2 induces DNA damage and reduces K562 viability. Both actions seem to be correlated with ROS formation and direct linkage to DNA.
Asunto(s)
Mutágenos/toxicidad , Compuestos de Estaño/toxicidad , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colorantes , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Células K562 , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/farmacología , Azul de TripanoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/patología , Quiste Odontogénico Calcificado/patología , Adolescente , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/clasificación , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quiste Odontogénico Calcificado/clasificación , Quiste Odontogénico Calcificado/complicaciones , Quiste Odontogénico Calcificado/fisiopatología , Odontoma/complicacionesRESUMEN
Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is employed as a reducing agent to obtain Technetium-99m-labelled radiophamaceuticals in nuclear medicine kits, being injected endovenously in humans. Toxic effects of these kits were not studied, thus making it important to evaluate their impact in humans. In this study, the toxic effects were evaluated from peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBNC) from patients who received radiopharmaceuticals obtained using such kits. The analyses included results performed by comet assay. DNA damage was visualized in PBNC samples collected within a time up to 2 hr, and 24 hr after radiopharmaceutical injection in the patients. Initially we observed an increase of comet signals, which subsequently were reduced to zero after 24 hr. The diminishing of comet amounts probably is associated with DNA repair of damaged cells or with the elimination by apoptosis of cells whose DNA are not repaired.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Ensayo Cometa , Reparación del ADN , Humanos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Leucocitos/patología , Tecnecio/efectos adversos , Compuestos de Estaño/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to examine whether hypothyroidism affects the reproductive system of adult female rats by evaluating ovarian morphology, uterus weight and the changes in serum and pituitary concentrations of prolactin and gonadotropins. Three-month-old female rats were divided into three groups: control (N = 10), hypothyroid (N = 10), treated with 0.05 percent 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 60 days, and T4-treated group (N = 10), receiving daily sc injections of L-thyroxine (0.8 æg/100 g body weight) during the last 10 days of the experiment. At the end of 50 days of hypothyroidism no hypothyroid animal showed a regular cycle, while 71 percent of controls as well as the T4-treated rats showed regular cycles. Corpora lutea, growing follicles and mature Graafian follicles were found in all ovaries studied. The corpora lutea were smaller in both the hypothyroid and T4-replaced rats. Graafian follicles were found in 72 percent of controls and only in 34 percent of hypothyroid and 43 percent of T4-treated animals. Serum LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol concentrations did not differ among the three groups. Serum prolactin concentration and the pituitary content of the three hormones studied were higher in the hypothyroid animals compared to control. T4 treatment restored serum prolactin concentration to the level found in controls, but only partially normalized the pituitary content of gonadotropins and prolactin. In conclusion, the morphological changes caused by hypothyroidism can be a consequence of higher prolactin production that can block the secretion and action of gonadotropins, being the main cause of the changes observed
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Infertilidad Femenina/etiología , Ovario/fisiopatología , Hipófisis/fisiopatología , Antitiroideos/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal , Estradiol/sangre , Gonadotropinas/análisis , Gonadotropinas/sangre , Gonadotropinas/metabolismo , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Ovario/patología , Hipófisis/patología , Progesterona/sangre , Prolactina/análisis , Prolactina/biosíntesis , Prolactina/sangre , Propiltiouracilo/uso terapéutico , Ratas Wistar , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Útero/patología , Útero/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to examine whether hypothyroidism affects the reproductive system of adult female rats by evaluating ovarian morphology, uterus weight and the changes in serum and pituitary concentrations of prolactin and gonadotropins. Three-month-old female rats were divided into three groups: control (N = 10), hypothyroid (N = 10), treated with 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 60 days, and T4-treated group (N = 10), receiving daily sc injections of L-thyroxine (0.8 microg/100 g body weight) during the last 10 days of the experiment. At the end of 50 days of hypothyroidism no hypothyroid animal showed a regular cycle, while 71% of controls as well as the T4-treated rats showed regular cycles. Corpora lutea, growing follicles and mature Graafian follicles were found in all ovaries studied. The corpora lutea were smaller in both the hypothyroid and T4-replaced rats. Graafian follicles were found in 72% of controls and only in 34% of hypothyroid and 43% of T4-treated animals. Serum LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol concentrations did not differ among the three groups. Serum prolactin concentration and the pituitary content of the three hormones studied were higher in the hypothyroid animals compared to control. T4 treatment restored serum prolactin concentration to the level found in controls, but only partially normalized the pituitary content of gonadotropins and prolactin. In conclusion, the morphological changes caused by hypothyroidism can be a consequence of higher prolactin production that can block the secretion and action of gonadotropins, being the main cause of the changes observed.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Infertilidad Femenina/etiología , Ovario/fisiopatología , Hipófisis/fisiopatología , Animales , Antitiroideos/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Gonadotropinas/análisis , Gonadotropinas/sangre , Gonadotropinas/metabolismo , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Ovario/patología , Hipófisis/patología , Progesterona/sangre , Prolactina/análisis , Prolactina/biosíntesis , Prolactina/sangre , Propiltiouracilo/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Útero/patología , Útero/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Headaches are common disorders usually examined by nonneurologists. In order to assess how primary headache patients (IHS groups 1, 2, and 3) are generally managed by nonspecialists, 414 patients were asked about their previous headache care. Correct diagnosis had previously been made in only 44.9%, 6.7%, and 26.7% of the migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache patients, respectively. The patients underwent 501 investigative procedures motivated by the headache, averaging 1.21 examinations per patient, mostly EEGs. Preventive treatment was largely overlooked irrespective of the headache type. It is concluded that scientific improvements in headache care may be ineffective unless educational programs improve headache knowledge in general.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud , Cefalea/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Cefalea/diagnóstico , Cefalea/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Migrañosos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Migrañosos/etiología , Atención Primaria de Salud , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de SaludRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown that in vitro thyroid peroxidase (TPO) iodide oxidation activity is decreased and thyroid T4-5'-deiodinase activity is increased 15 days after induction of experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study we used thyroid histoautoradiography, an indirect assay of in vivo TPO activity, to determine the possible parallelism between the in vitro and in vivo changes induced by experimental DM. DM was induced in male Wistar rats (about 250 g body weight) by a single i.p. streptozotocin injection (45 mg/kg), while control (C) animals received a single injection of the vehicle. Seven and 30 days after diabetes induction, each diabetic and control animal was given i.p. a tracer dose of 125I (2 microCi), 2.5 h before thyroid excision. The glands were counted, weighted, fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in paraffin and cut. The sections were stained with HE and exposed to NTB-2 emulsion (Kodak). The autohistograms were developed and the quantitative distribution of silver grains was evaluated with a computerized image analyzer system. Thyroid radioiodine uptake was significantly decreased only after 30 days of DM (C: 0.38 +/- 0.05 vs DM: 0.20 +/- 0.04%/mg thyroid, P < 0.05) while in vivo TPO activity was significantly decreased 7 and 30 days after DM induction (C: 5.3 and 4.5 grains/100 micron 2 vs DM: 2.9 and 1.6 grains/100 micron 2, respectively, P < 0.05). These data suggest that insulin deficiency first reduces in vivo TPO activity during short-term experimental diabetes mellitus.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Yoduro Peroxidasa/análisis , Glándula Tiroides/química , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Autorradiografía , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Yodo/deficiencia , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estreptozocina , Glándula Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
In the present study we evaluated the binding of the radiopharmaceuticals sodium pertechnetate (Na 99mTcO4), methylenediphosphonic acid (99mTc-MDP) and glucoheptonate acid (99mTc-GHA) to blood elements using centrifugation and radioautographic techniques. Heparinized blood was incubated with the labelled compounds for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 h. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated and precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) were separated. Blood samples were prepared (0 and 24 h) and coated with LM-1 radioautographic emulsions and percent radioactivity (%rad) in P and BC was determined. The binding of Na 99mTcO4 (%rad) to P was 61.2% (0 h) and 46.0% (24 h), and radioautography showed 63.7% (0 h) and 43.3% (24 h). The binding to BC was 38.8% (0 h) and 54.0% (24 h), and radioautography showed 36.3% (0 h) and 56.7% (24 h). 99mTc-MDP study presented 91.1% (0 h) to P and 87.2% (24 h), and radioautography showed 67.9% (0 h) and 67.4% (24 h). The binding to BC was 8.9% (0 h) and 12.8% (24 h), and radioautography showed 32.1% (0 h) and 32.6% (24 h). 99mTc-GHA study was 90.1% (0 h) to P and 79.9% (24 h), and radioautography showed 67.2% (0 h) and 60.1% (24 h). The binding to BC was 9.9% (0 h) and 20.1% (24 h), and radioautography showed 32.8% (0 h) and 39.9% (24 h). The comparison of the obtained results suggests that the binding to plasma and blood cells in the two techniques used (radioautography and centrifugation) is qualitatively in accordance.
Asunto(s)
Autorradiografía/métodos , Células Sanguíneas/química , Organofosfonatos/sangre , Organofosfonatos/farmacocinética , Radiofármacos/sangre , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/sangre , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Animales , Centrifugación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown that in vitro thyroid peroxidase (TPO) iodide oxidation activity is decreased and thyroid T4-5' -deiodinase activity is increased 15 days after induction of experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study we used thyroid histoautoradiography, an indirect assay of in vivo TPO activity, to determine the possible parallelism between the in vitro and in vivo changes induced by experimental DM. DM was induced in male Wistar rats (about 250 g body weight) by a single ip streptozotocin injection (45 mg/kg), while control c animals received a single injection of the vehicle. Seven and 30 days after diabetes induction, each diabetic and control animal was given ip a tracer dose of I (2 muCi), 2.5 h before thyroid excision. The glands were counted, weighed, fixed in Bouin's solution, embedded in paraffin and cut. The sections were stained with HE and exposed to NTB-2 emulsion (Kodak). The autohistograms were developed and the quantitative distribution of silver grains was evaluated with a computerized image analyzer system. Thyroid radioiodine uptake was significantly decreased only after 30 days of DM (C:0.38 + 0.05 vs DM: 0.20 + 0.04 percent/mg thyroid, P<0.05) while in vivo TPO activity was significantly decreased 7 and 30 days after DM induction (C:5.3 and 4.5 grains/100 mum2 vs DM: 2.9 and 1.6 grains/100 mum2, respectively, P<0.05). These data suggest that insulin deficiency first reduces in vivo TPO activity during short-term experimental diabetes mellitus.
Asunto(s)
Ratas , Animales , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Yoduro Peroxidasa/análisis , Glándula Tiroides/química , Glándula Tiroides/patología , Análisis de Varianza , Autorradiografía , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Yodo/deficiencia , Ratas Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
In the present study evaluated the binding of the radiopharmaceuticals sodium pertechnetate (Na (99m)TcO4), methylenediphosphonic acid (99m)Tc-MDP)) and glucoheptonate acid (99m)Tc-GHA)) to blood elements using centrifugation and radioautographic techniques. Heparinized blood was incubated with the labelled compounds for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 h. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated and precipitated with 5 percent trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and soluble (SF) and isoluble fractions (IF) were separated. Blood samples were prepared (0 and 24 h) and coated with LM-1 radioautographic emulsions and percent radioactivity (percent rad) in P and BC was determined. The binding of Na (99m)TcO4 (percentrad) to P was 61.2 percent (0 h) and 46.0 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 63.7 percent (0 h) and 43.3 percent (24 h). The binding to BC was 38.8 percent (0 h) and 54.0 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 36.3 percent (0h) and 56.7 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 36.3 percent (0 h) and 56.7 percent (24 h). (99m) Tc-MDP study presented 91.1 percent (0 h) to P and 87.2 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 67.9 percent (0 h) and 67.4 percent (24 h). The binding to BC was 8.9 percent (0 h) and 12.8 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 32.1 percent (0 h) and 32.6 percent (24 h). (99m)Tc-GHA study was 90.1 percent (0 h) to P and 79.9 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 67.2 percent (0 h) and 60.1 percent (24 h). The binding to BC was 9.9 percent (0 h) and 20.1 percent (24 h), and radioautography showed 32.8 percent (0 h) and 39.9 percent (24 h). The comparasion of the obtained results suggests that the binding to plasma and blood cells in the two techniques used (radioautography and centrifugation) qualitatively in accordance.
Asunto(s)
Ratas , Animales , Células Sanguíneas/química , Ácidos Fosforosos/sangre , Ácidos Fosforosos/farmacocinética , Radiofármacos/sangre , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/sangre , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Autorradiografía , Centrifugación , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Varicose veins alternate areas of phlebosclerosis and hypertrophy of the vein wall. In this study, samples of long saphenous veins obtained from patients submitted for aortocoronary saphenous vein graft or for surgical resection of varicose saphenous veins were examined. Histologic changes in the intima, muscle, and adventitial layers were quantified. Thicknesses of the venous wall layers were obtained by linear measurements, and the volumetric density of the connective tissue in the muscle layer was determined by point counting. The muscle layer thickness was 300 +/- 13 and 581 +/- 25 microns in normal and varicose veins, respectively. A more severe connective tissue accumulation within the muscle bundles was found in the varicose condition. The volumetric density of the connective tissue in the circular muscle layer (CmC/MmC) showed also a marked difference between varicose (0.67 +/- 0.08) and normal veins (0.43 +/- 0.02), P < 0.05. The authors suggest that the varicose condition is associated with a connective tissue uniform accumulation among muscle cells in the circular muscle layer.