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The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the index of nutritional deviation in primary schoolchildrenfrom a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to promote healthy eating. A questionnaire and anthropometricevaluation of 540 students were carried out. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured according to the parameters of theWorld Health Organization (WHO). The results indicated that 67.9% of the students were of adequate weight and 32%had nutritional diversion: underweight (6.6%); overweight (14.4%); or obesity (10.9%). School H showed the highestpercentage of students with deviated nutritional status (43.2%): 9.2% were obese, 21.7% were overweight, and 12.3%were underweight. However, when comparing the schools by year of study, the 8th-grade classroom A of school G showedthe greatest nutritional diversion (55%). High nutritional diversion provides evidence of a health risk, since they consumelow amount of fruits and vegetables and have high consumption of foods which have high caloric values

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e analisar o índice de desvio nutricional em estudantes de educação básica, de ummunicípio do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), na perspectiva de promoção da alimentação saudável. Realizou-se um questionárioe avaliação antropométrica de 540 estudantes. Foi identificado Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de acordo com osparâmetros da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Os resultados indicaram que 67,9% dos estudantes apresentarampeso adequado e 32% tem desvio nutricional, entre baixo peso (6,6%), sobrepeso (14,4%) ou obesidade (10,9%). A escolaH foi a que apresentou um maior percentual de estudantes com desvio do estado nutricional (43,2%), sendo 9,2% comobesidade, 21,7% com sobrepeso e 12,3% com baixo peso. Porém, ao comparar as turmas, foi o 8º ano A da escola G queteve maior desvio nutricional, com 55%. O elevado desvio nutricional evidenciou risco para a saúde, visto que consomembaixa quantidade de frutas e verduras e elevado consumo de alimentos de alto valor calórico

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As práticas de Educaçãoem Saúdesão influenciadas pela abordagem que cada profissional adota, uma vez que implicam um diferente relacionamento com o utente, moldando a forma como se desenvolvem. Objetivo: Caracterizar as práticas de Educaçãoem Saúde dos estudantes de três cursos de enfermagem e de outros quatro cursos de ensino superior ligados ao sector da saúde (Medicina) e ao setor da educação (Professores do Ensino Básico, Educadores de Infância e de Serviço Social). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional e transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, onde participaram 709 estudantes (62,6% do universo), dos 1° e 4° anos, que preencheram um questionáriodesenvolvido e validado para o efeito. Resultados: Apenas 40,9% dos estudantes assinalaram terem realizado experiênciaprática durante o curso, principalmente os do 4° ano. A maior parte faz Educaçãoem SaúdeMuitas vezes (41,7%), especialmente Saúde infantil (23,1%). Estudantes com conceito Abrangente de Promoção da Saúdedesenvolvem esta atividade com maior frequência do que os de conceito Reducionista ou Misto. Os estudantes dos três cursos de enfermagem praticam educaçãoem saúdecom mais frequência e em áreas mais diversificadas do que os colegas dos outros cursos. As caraterísticas das práticas de educaçãoem saúdeparecem ser influenciadas pelas variáveis Curso, Ano e Tipo de conceito de Promoção da Saúde. Os resultados obtidos poderão contribuir para melhorar o desempenho docente e as práticas de Educaçãoem Saúde.

Practices in Health Education are influenced by the approach that each professional adopts, since they imply a different relationship with the user, shaping the way the approaches develop. Objective: To characterize the Health Education practices of students from three nursing courses and four other higher education courses related to health sector (Medicine) and education (Basic Education Teachers, Childhood Educators and Social Services). Methodology: A descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, where 709 students participated (62.6 % of the universe), of the 1st and 4th years, who completed a questionnaire developed and validated for this purpose. Results: Only 40.9 % of students indicated they had conducted practical experience during the course, especially the 4th year students. Most of them developed Health Education Often (41.7 %), especially Child health (23.1 %). Students with Broad concept of Health Promotion developed this activity more frequently than the concept Reductionist or Mixed. Students of the three nursing courses practiced health education more often and in more diverse areas than their colleagues from other courses.

Las prácticas de educación para la salud están influenciadas por el enfoque profesional que cada uno adopta, lo que implica una relación diferente con el usuario de acuerdo a cómo se desarrollan. Objetivo: Caracterizar las prácticas de Educación para la Salud de los estudiantes en tres cursos de enfermería y cuatro cursos de la educación superior, vinculados al sector de la salud (medicina) y al sector de la educación (maestros, educadores niños y servicios sociales). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional y transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo; involucró a 709 estudiantes del 1° y del 4° grados que diligenciaron un cuestionario, el cual fue validado. Resultados: Sólo el 40,9% de los estudiantes informa haber tenido experiencia práctica durante el curso, sobre todo los de 4° grado. La mayoría reporta que realizó acciones de Educación para la Salud Muchas veces (41,7%), especialmente Salud infantil (23,1%). Los estudiantes manejaban un concepto Global de la Promoción de la Salud; realizaban prácticas de educación en salud con mayor frecuencia de los que tienen un concepto Reduccionista o Mixto. Los estudiantes de enfermería desarrollaron esta actividad con más frecuencia y en áreas más diversas que los de otros cursos. Las características de la práctica de la Educación para la Salud parecen estar influenciados por las variables Curso, Año y Tipo de concepto de Promoción de la Salud. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a mejorar el desempeño de los docentes y las prácticas de la educación para la salud.

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We report a 64-years-old woman who underwent sparing mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. One month after the end of radiotherapy, she presented with malaise, fever, fatigue, cough and migratory bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on serial radiological images. The microbiological studies of broncha alveolar lavage were negative. The patient under went a trans bronchial biopsy and the pathological diagnosis was compatible with an organizing pneumonia presumably associated with radiotherapy. Systemic steroid treatment was successful with rapid and complete resolution of clinical and radiographic manifestations.

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We report a 64 years-old woman who underwent sparing mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. One month after the end of radiotherapy, she presented with malaise, fever, fatigue, cough and migratory bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on serial radiological images. The microbiological studies of broncha alveolar lavage were negative. The patient under went a trans bronchial biopsy and the pathological diagnosis was compatible with an organizing pneumonia presumably associated with radiotherapy. Systemic steroid treatment was successful with rapid and complete resolution ofclinical and radiographic manifestations.

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PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the auditory abilities of Portuguese children and compare such abilities to the score of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB). METHODS: Fifty-one children were evaluated with audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, and eight behavioral tests involving dichotic listening, monotic listening, temporal processing, and sound localization. Their parents filled in the SAB questionnaire adapted to European A. SAB scores and auditory tests scores were submitted to Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There is significant correlation between the score on SAB questionnaire and the auditory processing tests. The greatest coefficient was observed in temporal processing test (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: There was correlation between the score of SAB and the performance in auditory processing tests, suggesting that the SAB may be used for auditory processing screening.

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INTRODUCTION: Adolescents often associate tobacco smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages. In spite of that, little is known about the neurobehavioral consequences of the dual exposure in the adolescent brain. In the present work, we assessed the effects of tobacco smoke and/or ethanol exposure during adolescence on memory/learning. METHODS: From postnatal day 30 to 45 (PN30-45), male and female Swiss mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK-generated from research cigarettes type 3R4F, whole body exposure, 8hr/day) and/or ethanol (ETOH-25% solution, 2g/kg intraperitoneally injected every other day) as follows: (a) SMK+ETOH exposure; (b) SMK exposure; (c) ETOH exposure; (d) Control. Memory/learning was evaluated during exposure (PN44-45) and during short- (PN49-50) and long-standing withdrawal (PN74-75). At each timepoint, mice were trained and tested in a step-down passive avoidance task (0.3 mA, 3 s footshock). Two retention tests were carried out in each animal, one at 3hr after training to measure short-term memory and another at 24hr to measure long-term memory. RESULTS: During exposure, the short-term memory was impaired in all groups and the long-term memory was impaired in SMK and SMK+ETOH. During the short-standing withdrawal, a significant impairment was observed only in long-term memory of the male SMK+ETOH mice. At long-standing withdrawal, there were no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoke and ethanol exposures during adolescence of mice negatively affect learning/memory performance. Deficits that were still present during SMK+ETOH short-standing withdrawal suggest that the combined exposure elicits a worsened memory/learning outcome and that males are more susceptible.

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OBJETIVO: Investigar as habilidades auditivas de crianças portuguesas e verificar se há correlação entre aquelas e o escore do Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB). MÉTODOS: Todas as crianças foram submetidas a audiometria tonal, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica e oito testes comportamentais do processamento auditivo, envolvendo tarefas de escuta dicótica, escuta monótica, processamento temporal e localização sonora. Os pais das 51 crianças portuguesas avaliadas preencheram o questionário SAB adaptado ao português europeu. Foram calculados os valores do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre os escores obtidos no questionário e os dos testes do processamento auditivo. RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação significativa entre o escore do questionário e o dos testes comportamentais, tendo a maior sido observada nos testes relacionados ao processamento temporal (p=0,000). CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação entre o escore da SAB e os resultados obtidos nos testes auditivos comportamentais em crianças portuguesas, sugerindo que este questionário pode ser utilizado em triagem do processamento auditivo.

PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the auditory abilities of Portuguese children and compare such abilities to the score of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB). METHODS: Fifty-one children were evaluated with audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, and eight behavioral tests involving dichotic listening, monotic listening, temporal processing, and sound localization. Their parents filled in the SAB questionnaire adapted to European A. SAB scores and auditory tests scores were submitted to Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There is significant correlation between the score on SAB questionnaire and the auditory processing tests. The greatest coefficient was observed in temporal processing test (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: There was correlation between the score of SAB and the performance in auditory processing tests, suggesting that the SAB may be used for auditory processing screening.

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Neste artigo objetivamos descrever as etapas do processo de elaboração de um questionário quantitativo que permita investigar as concepções sobre valores bioéticos inerentes à atividade científica. Validado semântica e estatisticamente, o questionário foi desenvolvido tendo por base a escala do tipo Likert. A relevância deste instrumento se dá pelo fato de que, diferentemente do que ocorre nos países europeus, as pesquisas quantitativas educacionais no Brasil têm pouca tradição. Este trabalho destina-se, portanto, a subsidiar o uso de métodos quantitativos nas pesquisas em Educação, que carecem de instrumentos deste tipo.

En este trabajo se describen las etapas del desarrollo de un cuestionario cuantitativo que permite investigar las concepciones acerca de los valores bioéticos inherentes a la actividad científica. Este cuestionario fue validado estadísticamente y semánticamente, y fue desarrollado tomando como base la escala de Likert. La relevancia de este instrumento está dada por el hecho de que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en los países europeos, la investigación cuantitativa en Brasil tiene poca tradición educativa. Este trabajo tiene por objeto, por tanto, subsidiar el uso de los métodos cuantitativos en la investigación en educación, que carecen de tales herramientas.

In this paper we describe the stages of a quantitative questionnaire development that allows the investigation of conceptions about bioethical values inherent to the scientific activity. This questionnaire was statistically and semantically validated and developed according to the Likert scale. The relevance of this instrument is given by the fact that, unlike what happens in European countries, quantitative research in Brazil has little educational traditions. Therefore, this work is intended to subsidize the use of quantitative methods in Education research that lack such tools.

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O presente estudo traçou, como objetivo geral, analisar o efeito da formação na aquisição de valores em educação em saúde dos estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem de Vila Real, Região Norte, Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro, município de Vila Real, Lordelo, em Portugal, comparando com outros cursos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Participaram na pesquisa 709 estudantes de sete cursos superiores, tendo-se procurado incluir atores que intervêm no processo de educação em saúde, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2004. A maioria dos participantes (86,5%) considera que a educação em saúde tem valores a promover, sendo a 'responsabilidade' o valor mais indicado, por 19,2% dos estudantes. O estudo demonstrou que é nos cursos de enfermagem que ocorre a maior evolução nos valores, existindo diferenças altamente significativas (p< 0,001), sendo a média do 4º ano superior à do 1º. Esses resultados evidenciam a necessidade de, em tais cursos, se trabalhar os valores subjacentes ao processo, tão necessários no desempenho dessas profissões.

The general purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training on the acquisition of values in health education among Vila Real Nursing School students, Northern Region, in Trásos-Montes and in Alto Douro, in the municipality of Vila Real, Lordelo, Portugal, compared to those taking other courses. This is a descriptive, comparative, and transverse study. In total, 709 students from seven colleges took place in this research project, and an attempt was made to include authors intervening in the health education process, who replied to a self-completion questionnaire in the period ranging from October to December 2004. Most participants (86.5 percent) believe health education has values to promote, and 'responsibility' is the best value to 19.2 percent of the students. The study showed that it is in the nursing courses that most progress is made in terms of values, with highly significant differences (p < 0.001). Additionally, it also revealed that the 4th year students' average was higher than the 1st year's. These results are evidence of the need there is, in such courses, to work on the values underlying the process, which are so necessary for the performance of these professions.

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