RESUMEN

Medicinal plants have been commonly associated with chemotherapeutic treatments, as an approach to reduce the toxicological risks of classical anticancer drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combining the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with Matricaria recutita flowers extract (MRFE) to treat mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. Tumor inhibition, body and visceral mass variation, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The isolated 5-FU, 5-FU+MRFE 100 mg/kg/day, and 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day reduced tumor growth; however, 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day showed a more significant tumor reduction when compared to 5-FU alone. These results corroborated with the analysis of the tumor histopathological and immunodetection of the Ki67 antigen. In the toxicological analysis of the association 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day, an intense loss of body mass was observed, possibly as a result of diarrhea. In addition, spleen atrophy, with a reduction in white pulp, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, was observed in the 5-FU groups alone and associated with MRFE 200 mg/kg/day; however, there was no statistical difference between these groups. Therefore, the MRFE 200 mg/kg/day did not interfere in myelosuppressive action of 5-FU. In hematological analysis, body and visceral mass variation and biochemical parameters related to renal (urea and creatinine) and cardiac (CK-MB) function, no alteration was observed. In biochemical parameters related to liver function enzymes, there was a reduction in aspartate transaminase (AST) values in the 5-FU groups alone and associated with MRFE 200 mg/kg/day; however, there was no statistical difference between these groups. Therefore, the MRFE 200 mg/kg/day does not appear to influence enzyme reduction. The results of this study suggest that the association between the 5-FU+MRFE 200 can positively interfere with the antitumor activity, promoting the antineoplastic-induced reduction in body mass, while minimizing the toxicity of chemotherapy.

RESUMEN

Passiflora alata or passion fruit is a native flowering plant from Amazon, geographically spread from Peru to Brazil. The plant has long been used in folks medicine for its pharmacological properties and is included in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia since 1929. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and antitumor activities of Passiflora alata leaf extract (PaLE) in S180-tumor bearing mice. The percentage of cell proliferation inhibition (% CPI) and IC50 in relation to 4 tumor cell lines were determined in PC3, K-562, HepG2 and S180 cell lines using the MTT assay. PaLE showed a CPI > 75% and greater potency (IC50 < 30 µg/mL) against PC3 and S180 cell lines. PaLE showed antitumor activity in treatments intraperitoneally (36.75% and 44.99% at doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively). Toxicological changes were shown in the reduced body mass associated with reduced food consumption, increased spleen mass associated with histopathological increase in the white pulp of the spleen and increased number of total leukocytes with changes in the percentage relationship between lymphocytes and neutrophils. Our outcomes corroborate the conclusion that PaLE has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity.

Asunto(s)

Flavonoides/farmacología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Passiflora/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Brasil , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Ratones , Neoplasias/patología , Perú , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química

RESUMEN

Antineoplastic drugs such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and vincristin are widely used in the treatment of several solid and blood tumours. However, the severity of peripheral neuropathy caused by these agents can affect the patient's quality of life. The major symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) involve: sensory loss, paresthesia, dysesthaesia, numbness, tingling, temperature sensitivity, allodynia and hyperalgesia, in a "stocking and glove" distribution. Why many different chemotherapeutic agents result in similar neuropathy profiles is unclear. Many drug classes such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antispastic agents and others have been used in clinical practice, but there is no scientific evidence to prove their effectiveness. But drugs as the antioxidant have shown a protective effect against free radical damage. In order to find out a successful treatment for CIPN, animal studies (ie pharmacological and mechanical tests and histopathological immunohistochemical analyses) have been developed to try to determinate the action of the antioxidant agents. This review provides an overview of the major antioxidant agents recently investigated to treat CIPN and the animal models used for this purpose.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Remirea maritima has been widely used in the treatment of diarrhea, kidney disease, and high fever and for therapeutic purposes, such as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. However, few scientific research studies on its medicinal properties have been reported. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of aqueous extract (AE), 40% hydroalcoholic extracts (40HA) and 70% (70HA) from R. maritima in experimental models and to identify its phytochemical compounds. METHODS: The chemical composition of AE, 40HA and 70HA was assessed by HPLC-DAD and ESI-IT-MS/MS. In vitro activity was determined on cultured tumor cell, NCI-H385N (Broncho-alveolar carcinoma), OVCAR-8 (Ovarian carcinoma) and PC-3M (prostate carcinoma) by the MTT assay, and the in vivo antitumor activity was assessed in Sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Toxicological parameters were also evaluated as well as the humoral immune response. RESULTS: Among the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of R. maritima, only 40HA showed in vitro biological effect potential, presenting IC50 values of 27.08, 46.62 and >50µg/ml for OVCAR-8, NCI-H385M and PC-3M cells lines, respectively. Regarding chemical composition, a mixture of isovitexin-2''-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin-2''-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-ß-D-glucose were identified as the major phytochemical compounds of the extracts. In the in vivo study, the tumor inhibition rates were 57.16-62.57% at doses of 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg, respectively, and the tumor morphology presented increasing numbers of apoptotic cells. Additionally, 40HA also demonstrated significantly increased of OVA-specific total Ig. CONCLUSIONS: 40HA exhibited in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties without substantial toxicity that could be associated with its immunostimulating properties.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cyperaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Etanol , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Solventes , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Agua

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of the essential oil from the leaves of Mentha x villosa (EOMV) and its main component (rotundifolone). METHODS: In-vitro cytotoxic activity of the EOMV and rotundifolone was determined on cultured tumour cells. In-vivo antitumour activity of the EOMV was assessed in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. KEY FINDINGS: The EOMV displayed cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines, showing IC50 values in the range of 0.57-1.02 µg/ml in the HCT-116 and SF-295 cell lines, respectively. Rotundifolone showed weak cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SF-295 and OVCAR-8 cell lines (IC50 > 25.00 µg/ml). Tumour growth inhibition rates were 29.4-40.5% and 25.0-45.2% for the EOMV treatment by intraperitoneal (50-100 mg/kg/day) and oral (100-200 mg/kg/day) administration, respectively. The EOMV did not significantly affect body mass and macroscopy of the organs. CONCLUSIONS: The EOMV possesses significant antitumour activity with low systemic toxicity, possibly due to the synergistic action of its minor constituents.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Mentha , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Hojas de la Planta

RESUMEN

The optimal therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection should combine a high cure rate and a short treatment duration with a favorable side-effect profile and should maintain a low cost. Several strategies have been proposed to increase the H. pylori eradication rate, including the extension of the treatment duration to 14 d, the use of a four-drug regimen (quadruple, sequential, and concomitant treatments), and the use of novel antibiotics, such as levofloxacin. However, triple therapy remains the most widely accepted first-line treatment regimen in Brazil and the United States and throughout Europe. Because this therapy is limited by resistance to clarithromycin, other therapeutic regimens have been investigated worldwide. This review describes the current literature involving studies directly comparing these different therapies and their efficacies.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and anticancer effect of the leaf essential oil of Xylopia frutescens in experimental models. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the essential oil was determined on cultured tumour cells. In vivo antitumour activity was assessed in Sarcoma 180-bearing mice. The major compounds identified were (E)-caryophyllene (31.48%), bicyclogermacrene (15.13%), germacrene D (9.66%), δ-cadinene (5.44%), viridiflorene (5.09%) and α-copaene (4.35%). In vitro study of the essential oil displayed cytotoxicity on tumour cell lines and showed IC50 values ranging from 24.6 to 40.0 µg/ml for the NCI-H358M and PC-3M cell lines, respectively. In the in vivo antitumour study, tumour growth inhibition rates were 31.0-37.5%. In summary, the essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene constituents and has some interesting anticancer activity.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Xylopia/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Neoplasias/fisiopatología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

Guatteria pogonopus Martius, a plant belonging to the Annonaceae family, is found in the remaining Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In this study, the chemical composition and antitumor effects of the essential oil isolated from leaves of G. pogonopus was investigated. The chemical composition of the oil was determined by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against three different tumor cell lines (OVCAR-8, NCI-H358M, and PC-3M), and the in vivo antitumor activity was tested in mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor. A total of 29 compounds was identified and quantified in the oil. The major compounds were γ-patchoulene (13.55%), (E)-caryophyllene (11.36%), ß-pinene (10.37%), germacrene D (6.72%), bicyclogermacrene (5.97%), α-pinene (5.33%), and germacrene B (4.69%). The essential oil, but neither (E)-caryophyllene nor ß-pinene, displayed in vitro cytotoxicity against all three tumor cell lines tested. The obtained average IC50 values ranged from 3.8 to 20.8 µg/ml. The lowest and highest values were obtained against the NCI-H358M and the OVCAR-8 cell lines, respectively. The in vivo tumor-growth-inhibition rates in the tumor-bearing mice treated with essential oil (50 and 100 mg/kg/d) were 25.3 and 42.6%, respectively. Hence, the essential oil showed significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Guatteria/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Sarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Trasplante Heterólogo

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Quassinoids are biologically active secondary metabolites found exclusively in the Simaroubaceae family of plants. These compounds generally present important biological properties, including cytotoxic and antitumor properties. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of neosergeolide, a quassinoid isolated from Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f., were evaluated in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were evaluated by the MTT assay, May-Grünwald-Giemsa's staining, BrdU incorporation test, and flow cytometry procedures. The comet assay and micronuclei analysis were applied to determine the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of neosergeolide. RESULTS: After 24 h exposure, neosergeolide strongly inhibited cancer cell proliferation (IC50 0.1 µM), and its activity seemed to be selective to tumor cells because it had no antiproliferative effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at tested concentrations. Apoptosis was induced at submicromolar concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 µM) as evidenced by morphological changes, mitochondrial depolarization, phosphatidylserine externalization, caspases activation, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Additionally, neosergeolide effects were prevented by cyclosporine A (CsA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, which reinforced the participation of intrinsic pathways in the apoptotic process induced by this natural quassinoid. Direct DNA damage was further confirmed by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study provided experimental evidence to support the underlying mechanism of action involved in the neosergeolide-mediated apoptosis. In addition, no antiproliferative effect or DNA damage effect of neosergeolide was evident in PBMC, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Cuassinas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ensayo Cometa , Ciclosporina/farmacología , Citocinesis/efectos de los fármacos , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial/antagonistas & inhibidores , Poro de Transición de la Permeabilidad Mitocondrial , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Cuassinas/efectos adversos , Cuassinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Simaroubaceae/química

RESUMEN

Plants are promising sources of new bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of nine plants found in Brazil. The species studied were: Annona pickelii Diels (Annonaceae), Annona salzmannii A. DC. (Annonaceae), Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. (Annonaceae), Guatteria hispida (R. E. Fr.) Erkens & Maas (Annonaceae), Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Clusiaceae), Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae), and Hyptis calida Mart. Ex Benth (Lamiaceae). Different types of extractions from several parts of plants resulted in 43 extracts. Their cytotoxicity was tested against HCT-8 (colon carcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), SF-295 (glioblastoma), and HL-60 (promielocitic leukemia) human tumor cell lines, using the thiazolyl blue test (MTT) assay. The active extracts were those obtained from G. blepharophylla, G. hispida, J. curcas, K. rugosa, and L. gracilis. In addition, seven compounds isolated from the active extracts were tested; among them, ß-pinene found in G. hispida and one coumarin isolated from K. rugora showed weak cytotoxic activity. In summary, this manuscript contributes to the understanding of the potentialities of Brazilian plants as sources of new anticancer drugs.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Magnoliopsida/química , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Annonaceae/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Apocynaceae/química , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Brasil , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Clusiaceae/química , Cumarinas/química , Cumarinas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Hyptis/química , Jatropha/química , Látex/química , Lippia/química , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química

RESUMEN

Guatteria friesiana (W. A. Rodrigues) Erkens & Maas (synonym Guatteriopsis friesiana W. A. Rodrigues), popularly known as "envireira", is a medicinal plant found in the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon basin that is used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Recent studies on this species have demonstrated antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antitumor activity of the essential oil from the leaves of G. friesiana (EOGF) and its main components ( α-, ß-, and γ-eudesmol) were determined using experimental models. In the in vitro study, EOGF and its components α-, ß-, and γ-eudesmol displayed cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, showing IC50 values in the range of 1.7 to 9.4 µg/mL in the HCT-8 and HL-60 cell lines for EOGF, 5.7 to 19.4 µg/mL in the HL-60 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines for α-eudesmol, 24.1 to > 25 µg/mL in the SF-295 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines for ß-eudesmol, and 7.1 to 20.6 µg/mL in the SF-295 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines for γ-eudesmol, respectively. In the in vivo study, the antitumor effect of EOGF was evaluated in mice inoculated with sarcoma 180 tumor cells. Tumor growth inhibition rates were 43.4-54.2 % and 6.6-42.8 % for the EOGF treatment by intraperitoneal (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) and oral (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) administration, respectively. The treatment with EOGF did not significantly affect body mass, macroscopy of the organs, or blood leukocyte counts. Based on these results, we can conclude that EOGF possesses significant antitumor activity and has only low systemic toxicity. These effects could be assigned to its components α-, ß-, and γ-eudesmol.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Guatteria/química , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Brasil , Línea Celular Tumoral , Colombia , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Sarcoma 180 , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/administración & dosificación , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel - Apocynaceae is a medicinal plant popularly known as Janaguba. Its bark and latex have been used by the public for cancer treatment, among other medicinal uses. However, there is almost no scientific research report on its medicinal properties. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of Himatanthus drasticus latex proteins (HdLP) in experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the HdLP was determined on cultured tumor cells. HdLP was also tested for its ability to induce lysis of mouse erythrocytes. In vivo antitumor activity was assessed in two experimental models, Sarcoma 180 and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Additionally, its effects on the immunological system were also investigated. RESULTS: HdLP did not show any significant in vitro cytotoxic effect at experimental exposure levels. When intraperitoneally administered, HdLP was active against both in vivo experimental tumors. However, it was inactive by oral administration. The histopathological analysis indicates that the liver and kidney were only weakly affected by HdLP treatment. It was also demonstrated that HdLP acts as an immunomodulatory agent, increasing the production of OVA-specific antibodies. Additionally, it increased relative spleen weight and the incidence of megakaryocyte colonies. CONCLUSION: In summary, HdLP has some interesting anticancer activity that could be associated with its immunostimulating properties.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apocynaceae , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamiento farmacológico , Látex/química , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacología , Sarcoma 180/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/toxicidad , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Células HL-60 , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Ratones , Proteínas de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidad , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sarcoma 180/patología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/inmunología , Carga Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Caesalpinia ferrea is a plant very used in the folk medicine for treatment of several diseases, such as diabetes. This study investigated the cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract from stem bark of C. ferrea (AECF). In non-anesthetized rats, AECF (10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg; i.v.) induced hypotension (-9+/-1;-12+/-1;-14+/-1; -20+/-3 and -51+/-6%; respectively) and tachycardia (6+/-1; 8+/-1; 12+/-2; 14+/-2 and 26+/-3%; respectively). Hypotension was not affected after atropine or L-NAME. Furthermore, AECF (40 mg/kg) induced atrioventricular block and extrasystoles, which was not affected after atropine. In intact rings of the rat mesenteric artery, AECF (0.001-30 mg/ml, n=6) induced relaxations of phenylephrine tonus (Emax=110+/-4%), which was not changed after the removal of endothelium (Emax=113+/-9%). In rings without endothelium pre-contracted with KCl 80 mM, phenylephrine plus KCl 20 mM or phenylephrine plus glibenclamide, the curve to AECF was significantly attenuated (Emax=24+/-4%, 70+/-5% and 62+/-7%, respectively, n=6), but was not affected in the presence of tetraethylammonium or 4-aminopyridine (Emax=125+/-15% and 114+/-7%, respectively, n=6). These results demonstrate that AECF induces hypotension associated to tachycardia; however, in dose of 40 mg/kg, AECF induces transient bradyarrhythmias. Furthermore, AECF induces vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery which appears to be mediated by ATP-sensitive K+ channel openings.

Asunto(s)

Adenosina Trifosfato/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Caesalpinia , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Canales de Potasio/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Electrocardiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/efectos de los fármacos , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/fisiología , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Canales de Potasio/fisiología , Ratas

RESUMEN

Foram estudados 16 pacientes que desenvolveram quadro de icterícia após serem submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca com circulaçäo extracorpórea (CEC). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com sua evoluçäo pós-operatória a óbito (grupo I) ou alta hospitalar com regressäo satisfatória do quadro (grupo II). Analisou-se, entäo, comparativamente parámetros clínicos, epidemiológicos, operatórios e laboratoriais de cada um dos grupos, procurando se definir qual a importância dos mesmos na evoluçäo dos pacientes. Empregou-se análise estatística pelo teste t de Student. A principal causa de mortalidade observada foi a síndrome de baixo débito, que ocorreu em dez casos (62,5%), cinco dos quais tiveram éxito letal (31%). Observou-e diferença estatisticamente signficativa entre os dois grupos apenas na avaliaçäo pós-operatória segundoos níveis séricos de TGO (p < 0,01), TGP (p < 0,01) e BT (p < 0,01), sendo, portando estes exames considerados indicadores do prognóstico deste tipo de pacientes

Asunto(s)

Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/complicaciones , Colestasis Intrahepática/etiología , Circulación Extracorporea/efectos adversos , Cirugía Torácica/efectos adversos , Transfusión Sanguínea/efectos adversos , Colestasis Intrahepática/sangre , Colestasis Intrahepática/epidemiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Pronóstico , Revascularización Miocárdica/efectos adversos