RESUMEN
Notwithstanding its research and clinical relevance, the dimensionality and validity of the DSM-IV avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (PDs) criteria is still a largely unexplored topic. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure for DSM-IV Cluster C PD criteria in a sample of 641 consecutively admitted outpatients. Factor analysis results suggested that avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PDs share a common latent dimension, and supported the three-factor structure of both observer and self-report ratings of DSM-IV Cluster C PD criteria. The pattern of factor loadings, however, was different from the one expected according to the DSM-IV classification.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoimagen , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/epidemiología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/clasificación , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Análisis Factorial , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/clasificación , Determinación de la Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This study used a multi-sample, multiple-instrument strategy to evaluate the hypothesis that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is taxonic. In Study 1, 721 consecutively admitted inpatients and outpatients were evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). The data from both questionnaire types were submitted to multivariate normal mixture analysis, which was carried out on factor scores obtained from a three-factor model of SPD criteria; these results supported the hypothesis that SPD is taxonic. The same was true of Study 2, which administered the Semi-structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SIDP-R) to an independent sample of 537 consecutively admitted outpatients. Similar findings were observed in Study 3, in which the SIDP-R was administered to 225 non-clinical subjects. The results show that the typology of DSM III-R and -IV SPD diagnosis is consistent with the latent structure of SPD features.
Asunto(s)
Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Determinación de la Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cómputos Matemáticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Estadísticos , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/clasificación , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/psicología , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to examine the latent structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) criteria in a group of 641 outpatients. The consecutively admitted outpatients were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0, and the Personality Questionnaire. Both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA, respectively) were used to evaluate whether the NPD criteria measure a single latent trait. Latent class analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the individual DSM-IV NPD criteria. Mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC) and maximum covariance (MAXCOV) taxometric analyses were used to evaluate whether the latent distribution of the DSM-IV NPD features is actually discrete. Both CFA and EFA results showed that the 9 DSM-IV NPD criteria loaded on 2 correlated factors. The latent class analysis results suggested a 3-class solution for NPD criteria; relevant differences in diagnostic efficiency were observed among the NPD criteria. MAMBAC and MAXCOV analyses provided consistent evidence of taxonic (ie, discrete) latent structure for NPD. This study gave only partial support to the validity of the DSM-IV NPD construct. Taxometric analyses indicated that a typological model is appropriate for describing NPD, but CFA and EFA suggested the existence of 2 distinct-albeit correlated-clusters of narcissistic features. As a whole, the DSM-IV criteria discriminated NPD from other personality disorders, but diagnostic accuracy statistics did not replicate the rank order of diagnostic efficiency of NPD criteria proposed by the DSM-IV.
Asunto(s)
Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Adulto , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Trastornos de la Personalidad/epidemiología , Inventario de Personalidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This study examines impulsivity and aggressiveness dimensions as predictors of borderline (BPD) and antisocial (ASPD) personality disorder symptoms in nonclinical subjects. A total of 747 undergraduate university students were administered the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that motor impulsiveness, irritability, resentment, and guilt predicted BPD symptoms among university students after controlling for the effect of ASPD and depressive symptoms. ASPD symptoms were predicted by motor impulsiveness, physical aggression, indirect aggression, and negativism. These results indicate that in nonclinical subjects BPD and ASPD symptoms share a common impulsivity dimension but are linked to different aggressiveness facets.
Asunto(s)
Agresión , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/diagnóstico , Trastornos Disruptivos, del Control de Impulso y de la Conducta/diagnóstico , Adulto , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/epidemiología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/epidemiología , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Trastornos Disruptivos, del Control de Impulso y de la Conducta/epidemiología , Femenino , Hostilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Inventario de Personalidad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Análisis de Regresión , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The associations between personality disorders and adult attachment dimensions were assessed in a sample of 487 consecutively admitted psychiatric subjects. Canonical correlation analysis showed that two sets of moderately correlated canonical variates explained the correlations between personality disorders and adult attachment patterns. The first and second attachment variates closely resembled the avoidance and anxiety attachment dimensions, respectively. The first personality disorder variate was mainly characterized by avoidant, depressive, paranoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, whereas dependent, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders loaded on the second canonical variate. However, these linear combinations of personality disorders were different from those obtained from principal component analysis. The results extend previous studies linking personality disorders and attachment patterns and suggest the importance of focusing on specific constellations of symptoms associated with dimensions of insecurity.