RESUMEN
Formaldehyde (FA) is an environmental xenobiotic, which is genotoxic and carcinogenic to humans and animals; it induces DNA damage, mutations, and clastogenicity during critical cytogenetic events. FA-mediated oxidative stress is an important mechanism that has been associated with the induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersion of sperm chromatin and reproductive parameters induced by exposure to different concentrations of FA in Wistar rats. Compared to the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA in the control group (18.10 ± 8.62%), the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA increased following exposure to 5, 10, and 30 mg FA/kg body weight (29.60 ± 8.44, 85.20 ± 20.94 and 96.0 ± 7.87, respectively; P = 0.0001). Histopathological alterations were evident, especially in the seminiferous tubules. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence concerning the genotoxicity of FA, with particular reference to the decreased sperm concentration and motility and increased dispersion of DNA chromatin in rats.
Asunto(s)
Cromatina/efectos de los fármacos , Formaldehído/toxicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Túbulos Seminíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatina/ultraestructura , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Túbulos Seminíferos/ultraestructura , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/ultraestructura , Testículo/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The micronucleus (MN) assay evaluates the effects of low doses of genotoxic carcinogens and can detect structural lesions that survive mitotic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine both the genotoxicity of nickel (Ni) in buccal epithelial cells and the urinary excretion of Ni in children with metal crowns. This was a prospective longitudinal study based on 37 patients selected at the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. MN assays were performed using buccal cells from the 37 patients, and Ni levels were determined from urine samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at 1 (basal value), 15, and 45 days following the placement of crowns in each patient. Ni urinary excretion levels increased from 2.12 ± 1.23 to 3.86 ± 2.96 mg Ni/g creatinine (P < 0.05) and the frequency of exposed micronuclei increased from 4.67 ± 0.15 to 6.78 ± 0.167/1000 cells (P < 0.05) between 1 and 45 days post-crown placement. These results suggest that odontological exposure to metal crowns results in genotoxic damage at the cellular level of the oral mucosa and an increase in the urinary excretion of Ni within 45 days of exposure.
Asunto(s)
Coronas/efectos adversos , Boca/efectos de los fármacos , Níquel/toxicidad , Niño , Preescolar , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Boca/citología , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Níquel/sangre , Níquel/orinaRESUMEN
Hedeoma drummondii is a medicinal plant with diverse properties; however, validations of its medicinal uses are scarce. To evaluate its antimicrobial properties H. drummondii, was tested against opportunistic pathogens of medical importance. Antimicrobial tests were performed by the microdilution method in order to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for each extract. Extracts of this plant showed relevant antimicrobial activity, results revealed that the hexanic extract has stronger activity and broader spectrum compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The activity of hexanic extract may be attributed mainly to the presence of the monoterpenes pulegone and menthol. In conclusion, the hexanic extract possess relevant antibacterial properties which suggests that H. drummondii have bioactive principles; these new data provide scientific support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine, particularly for gastrointestinal diseases.