RESUMEN
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is an uncommon manifestation of non-central nervous system (CNS) metastatic disease. Diagnosis, however, has important prognostic and treatment implications. We present a case in which intracranial leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from a primary breast cancer was detected with (18)F-FDG PET/CT, despite its low sensitivity for detection of CNS metastases from non-CNS primary tumors.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinomatosis Meníngea/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinomatosis Meníngea/secundario , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Humanos , RadiofármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the appropriate use of ultrasound in the workup of soft-tissue masses of the extremities. The normal sonographic appearance of superficial soft tissues, the importance of proper technique in image acquisition, and the characteristic sonographic appearance of certain masses and potential pitfalls are discussed. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is increasingly being used for the initial evaluation of soft-tissue masses of the extremities. Certain clinical and imaging findings allow diagnosis of selected soft-tissue masses; however, most imaging findings are nonspecific, and further evaluation is necessary. The many potential pitfalls can lead to adverse patient outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Artropatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The divalent zinc triad perchlorate coordination chemistry of 2,6-bis([(2-pyridyl-methyl)amino]methyl)pyridine (L) was investigated by X-ray crystallography and solution state (1)H NMR. New complexes [HgL(ClO4)2] (1) and [CdL(ClO4)2] (2) were isolated as bicapped distorted square pyramidal racemates, contrasting with the approximate trigonal bipyramidal structure of [ZnL](ClO4)2 (3). Although rapid inter- and intramolecular exchange is common for simple complexes of zinc triad metal ions, conditions for slow intramolecular isomerization on both the δ and J(HH) time scales were established for 1, 2 and 3. Trends in geminal (1)H coupling suggested that an asymmetric structure was favored for all three metal ions at or below 40 °C. Contributions of a symmetric structure to solution equilibria were both temperature- and metal ion-dependent. Spectral trends were consistent with interconversion of a pair of enantiomeric square pyramidal ligand conformers through a symmetric trigonal bipyramidal ligand conformer by M-N bond cleavage and nitrogen inversion. Racemization was slower than the coupling constant time scale up to 40 °C for all complexes. Differential stabilization of specific small ligand conformations in solution has potential toxicological significance.