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Recently, [123I]Ro16-0154 has been introduced as a potential benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor imaging tracer for SPECT. We investigated the biodistribution of [123I]Ro16-0154 in humans and compared it with the animal data. There was a rapid and high 123I-uptake in the brain comparable to rCBF. In the following images, however, regionally different changes were observed, resulting in a subsequent intracerebral retention parallel to the known distribution of BZD receptors. The results suggest that [123I]Ro16-0154 is of potential clinical use as a BZD receptor imaging agent.

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Three monoclonal antibodies [MAb], b-8, b-12, and b-15, have previously been shown to react with mammary carcinomas and with a restricted set of cells in normal human tissues [C. Stähli et al., Experientia (Basel), 41: 1377-1381, 1985; H. R. Zenklusen et al., Virchows Arch. Abt. A Pathol. Anat., 413: 3-10, 1988]. They are shown here to recognize the same high molecular weight acid soluble glycoprotein antigen. Lectin binding, biolabeling, and deglycosylation experiments demonstrate that it contains O-linked carbohydrate side chains with sialic acid and hexoses including fucose, galactose, and/or galactosamine but little if any mannose. These properties, typical of mucin-like glycoproteins, agree with the antigen expression on mucin-secreting epithelial surfaces (H. R. Zenklusen et al., Virchows Arch. Abt. A Pathol. Anat., 413:3-10, 1988). The antigen is thus named mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA). The three MAb are shown to bind to three different epitopes on MCA. Two of these epitopes (MCA-b-8 and MCA-b-15) are O-linked carbohydrates, and one (MCA-b-15) contains sialic acid. The epitope MCA-b-12 is of peptide nature. Of various two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassays composed of different combinations of the three MAb, the one with MAb b-12 in both positions is selected for a serum assay. Analyses of tumor patients' sera demonstrate that this MCA enzyme immunoassay can be of use as a tumor marker assay for mammary carcinomas. The parameter MCA enzyme immunoassay is shown to differ from other parameters described in the literature.

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Of 360 mAb obtained in a cell fusion experiment with the spleen cells of a mouse immunized with a mixture of different human breast carcinoma cell lines, 30 mAb were selected which reacted more strongly with tumor cells than with (noncancerous) fibroblasts. These mAb were tested for reactivity with additional types of cancerous and noncancerous tissues. Two mAb showed high tumor selectivity, but the corresponding epitopes on individual tumor cells were heterogeneously expressed. The mAb will be evaluated for in vivo applications.

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A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAB lu-5) was prepared using a lung cancer cell line as an antigen. The selected clone produces an IgG with a gamma-1 heavy chain and a kappa-light-chain. Immunohistochemical testing of mAB lu-5 on 117 normal tissue biopsies and 474 tumours revealed reactivity with an intracytoplasmic, formaldehyderesistant antigen present in most epithelial and mesothelial cells, but absent in mesenchymal cells. The antibody can therefore be used as a first order, pan-epithelial marker. It proved also useful for fast tumour diagnosis on frozen sections.

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Prevalence of thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGHA), as well as frequency of other autoantibodies (parietal cell antibodies [PZA], adrenal antibodies [NNA], islet cell antibodies [IZA], smooth muscle antibodies [SMA], mitochondrial antibodies [MitA] and antibodies to nuclear antigens [ANF]), are reported for three different female groups in Switzerland in 91 euthyroid controls (group A), in 58 patients with idiopathic hypothyroidism (group B) and in 55 patients with hypothyroidism after administration of radioactive iodine for Graves' disease (group C). Prevalence of MCHA in the three groups was 14.5%, 90%, and 72%, respectively, and TGHA were positive in 6.5%, 56%, and 28%, respectively. Simultaneous occurrence of both thyroid antibodies and their appearance in higher titers were significantly more frequent in group B than in the other two groups. Goitrous forms of idiopathic hypothyroidism show higher MCHA titers than the atrophic forms. There was no association between thyroid antibodies and the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy in group C. PZA were frequently found in groups B and C (26% and 13.6%, respectively; 4.7% in controls). The higher frequency of other autoantibodies was even more pronounced for ANF (52.1% in group B, 29.7% in group C, and 12.5% in controls). NNA and SMA were also more frequent, but not to a statistically significant degree. Two patients (both in group B) had positive islet cell antibodies. MitA were equally distributed in the three groups. These results suggest a relatively high proportion of asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis in the female population of Switzerland, with possible progression to overt hypothyroidism. Determinations of PZA and NNA are mandatory in both Graves' disease and idiopathic hypothyroidism. Cases with positive PZA must be closely monitored in view of the association with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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An interlaboratory study on the reproducibility of the CEA (Roche) RIA Test was carried out. Four different plasma pools of approximately 2, 3, 6, and 12 micrograms/l CEA were tested over a period of 4 weeks with 4 different lots of reagents in order to determine the interassay variances. At the same time we compared the lately introduced column technique with the dialysis and ultrafiltration method. Best results were obtained with the column technique which also showed best reproducibility. Only 1.4% of samples showed deviations greater than 5% between the mean of CEA duplicates and single CEA values, and these were omitted from the evaluation. On the other hand about 15% of the corresponding dialysis results showed deviations greater than 5% and were excluded from the evaluation. The methods compared showed a good correlation with a coefficient of 0.96, but the average values for the CEA determination, using the columns technique were lower than those obtained from dialysis. Interassay variances were greater for the dialysis procedures, i.e. 1.88 +/- 0.81, 3.25 +/- 0.83, 5.81 +/- 1.09, and 11-91 +/- 1.23 compared with 1.77 +/- 0.54, 2.63 +/- 0.68, 4.89 +/- 0.79, and 11.16 +/- 1.23 for the column technique. There were no systematic changes of the CEA values over the period of 4 weeks, thus giving optimal conditions for a follow up of patients.

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The glycoprotein CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) carries carbohydrate groups, which react with the plant lectins from Agaricus bisporus, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), with Tridacnin from invertebrate clams and with the anti-A lectins from snails. Accordingly, it has cryptantigenic structures, which correspond to the T or T-like antigen, the Tridacnin receptor and to the so called A-like antigen.

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Viral hepatitis, proven by biopsy in 44 patients known to be drug addicts or confirmed drug takers had serial clinical, biochemical and (half of them) biopsy studies between 1971 and 1974. At the time of the first biopsy the period of addicition averaged 28.8 months. 30 of the 44 patients had had jaundice. At the time of the last biopsy, 20 of the 44 had chronic persisting and three had chronic active hepatitis, i.e. more than half had a chronic form. A further 12 patients had "hippie" hepatitis, a special form of acute viral hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis, histological evidence of possible change to a chronic state. There was no case of complete healing during the period of observation. The high rate of chronic hepatitis is thought to be due to partially insufficient immune response. The clinical and even biochemical course in most of the patients was remarkably mild. Severe clinical forms are rare and were not observed at all in the described group. It would therefore, seem that the prognosis is generally good, in contrast to chronic hepatitis in non-addicts.

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