RESUMEN
Dietary factors may influence the process of atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification (CAC). This study assessed CAC and its association with dietary intake in asymptomatic men. We evaluated 150 asymptomatic men with mean age of 58.2±5.3 years. The dietary intake was assessed by the Food Consumption Register method. CAC was measured through multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and assessed in accordance with the Agatston score. Modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the effects of intake of different nutrients that are prevalent in moderate/severe CAC, adjusted for calorie intake and CAC risk factors by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]. An association was found between the intake of some nutrients and moderate/severe CAC. Lower carbohydrate intake (P=0.021) and higher lipid intake (P=0.006) were associated with moderate/severe CAC. After adjustment, the nutrients associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC were carbohydrates (P=0.040), lipids (P=0.005), and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P=0.013). A 1% increase in lipids and SFA intake caused an increase of 4% [95%CI: 1-7%] and 8% [95%CI: 2-14%] in the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC, respectively. A 1% increase of carbohydrate intake led to a 2% decrease in the likelihood of moderate/severe CAC [95%CI: 1-4%]. These conclusions showed that the higher intake of total lipids and SFA was associated with higher CAC scores, whereas higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower CAC scores in asymptomatic men.
Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Calcificación Vascular , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Ingestión de Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Factores de Riesgo , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Dietary factors may influence the process of atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification (CAC). This study assessed CAC and its association with dietary intake in asymptomatic men. We evaluated 150 asymptomatic men with mean age of 58.2±5.3 years. The dietary intake was assessed by the Food Consumption Register method. CAC was measured through multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and assessed in accordance with the Agatston score. Modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the effects of intake of different nutrients that are prevalent in moderate/severe CAC, adjusted for calorie intake and CAC risk factors by means of prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]. An association was found between the intake of some nutrients and moderate/severe CAC. Lower carbohydrate intake (P=0.021) and higher lipid intake (P=0.006) were associated with moderate/severe CAC. After adjustment, the nutrients associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC were carbohydrates (P=0.040), lipids (P=0.005), and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P=0.013). A 1% increase in lipids and SFA intake caused an increase of 4% [95%CI: 1-7%] and 8% [95%CI: 2-14%] in the prevalence of moderate/severe CAC, respectively. A 1% increase of carbohydrate intake led to a 2% decrease in the likelihood of moderate/severe CAC [95%CI: 1-4%]. These conclusions showed that the higher intake of total lipids and SFA was associated with higher CAC scores, whereas higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower CAC scores in asymptomatic men.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Aterosclerosis , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiología , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Riesgo , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Ingestión de Alimentos , Tomografía Computarizada MultidetectorRESUMEN
Background Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with higher ischemic risk, which can be mitigated by long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, concomitant high bleeding risk (HBR) may be present, making it unclear whether short- or long-term DAPT should be prioritized. Objectives This study investigated the effects of ischemic (by PCI complexity) and bleeding (by PRECISE-DAPT [PRE dicting bleeding Complications in patients undergoing stent Implantation and Sub sequent Dual Anti Platelet Therapy] score) risks on clinical outcomes and on the impact of DAPT duration after coronary stenting. Methods Complex PCI was defined as ≥3 stents implanted and/or ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation stenting and/or stent length >60 mm, and/or chronic total occlusion revascularization. Ischemic and bleeding outcomes in high (≥25) or non-high (<25) PRECISE-DAPT strata were evaluated based on randomly allocated duration of DAPT. Results Among 14,963 patients from 8 randomized trials, 3,118 underwent complex PCI and experienced a higher rate of ischemic, but not bleeding, events. Long-term DAPT in non-HBR patients reduced ischemic events in both complex (absolute risk difference: −3.86%; 95% confidence interval: −7.71 to +0.06) and noncomplex PCI strata (absolute risk difference: −1.14%; 95% confidence interval: −2.26 to −0.02), but not among HBR patients, regardless of complex PCI features. The bleeding risk according to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction scale was increased by long-term DAPT only in HBR patients, regardless of PCI complexity. Conclusions Patients who underwent complex PCI had a higher risk of ischemic events, but benefitted from long-term DAPT only if HBR features were not present. These data suggested that when concordant, bleeding, more than ischemic risk, should inform decision-making on the duration of DAPT. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Evaluación Nutricional , Nutrición, Alimentación y DietaRESUMEN
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is associated with atherosclerotic complications. However, elevated CAC may not always imply a worse prognosis. Herein, we report the clinical evolution of long-term red wine (RW) drinkers in relation to CAC. We followed 200 healthy male habitual RW drinkers and compared them to 154 abstainers for a period of 5.5 years. The initial evaluation included coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), clinical, demographics, and laboratory data. CAC was quantified by the Agatston score. The follow-up process was conducted by telephone calls and/or hospital record review. The composite end-point of total death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or coronary revascularization (or major adverse cardiac event - MACE) was assessed. The RW drinkers ingested 28.9±15 g of alcohol/day for 23.4±12.3 years. They had higher high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but lower C-reactive protein than abstainers. Age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and liver enzymes were similar. History of diabetes was lower among drinkers, but other risk factors were similar. However, drinkers had higher CAC than abstainers; the mean value was 131.5±362 in drinkers vs 40.5±320 in abstainers (P<0.001). The median and interquartile range were 15 (0.0-131.5) in RW drinkers and 1 (0.0-40.5) in abstainers (P=0.003). During the follow-up, MACE was significantly lower in drinkers than in abstainers, despite their higher CAC. The difference was driven mainly by AMI (0 vs 6; P<0.03). Greater CAC values in this setting did not predict worse prognosis. A possible underlying mechanism is lesion calcification, which leads to plaque stabilization and less clinical events.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/prevención & control , Calcificación Vascular/prevención & control , Vino , Anciano , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is associated with atherosclerotic complications. However, elevated CAC may not always imply a worse prognosis. Herein, we report the clinical evolution of long-term red wine (RW) drinkers in relation to CAC. We followed 200 healthy male habitual RW drinkers and compared them to 154 abstainers for a period of 5.5 years. The initial evaluation included coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), clinical, demographics, and laboratory data. CAC was quantified by the Agatston score. The follow-up process was conducted by telephone calls and/or hospital record review. The composite end-point of total death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or coronary revascularization (or major adverse cardiac event - MACE) was assessed. The RW drinkers ingested 28.9±15 g of alcohol/day for 23.4±12.3 years. They had higher high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but lower C-reactive protein than abstainers. Age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and liver enzymes were similar. History of diabetes was lower among drinkers, but other risk factors were similar. However, drinkers had higher CAC than abstainers; the mean value was 131.5±362 in drinkers vs 40.5±320 in abstainers (P<0.001). The median and interquartile range were 15 (0.0-131.5) in RW drinkers and 1 (0.0-40.5) in abstainers (P=0.003). During the follow-up, MACE was significantly lower in drinkers than in abstainers, despite their higher CAC. The difference was driven mainly by AMI (0 vs 6; P<0.03). Greater CAC values in this setting did not predict worse prognosis. A possible underlying mechanism is lesion calcification, which leads to plaque stabilization and less clinical events.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Vino , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/prevención & control , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Calcificación Vascular/prevención & control , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Tomografía ComputarizadaRESUMEN
Biokinetic models are used in radiation protection to assess internal radiation doses. Experiments with stable isotopes as tracers can be performed to obtain characteristic parameters of these models. Two methods for the measurement of zirconium isotopes in human biological samples are presented--thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) and proton nuclear activation analysis (PNA). Descriptions include sample preparation, operating conditions, relative uncertainties and method detection limits as well as important properties of both methods.
Asunto(s)
Bioensayo/métodos , Modelos Biológicos , Recuento Corporal Total/métodos , Circonio/análisis , Circonio/farmacocinética , Simulación por Computador , Isótopos/análisis , Isótopos/farmacocinética , Cinética , Dosis de Radiación , Efectividad Biológica Relativa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
A case of pulmonary arterio-venous microfistula in a fifteen year old male is reported. He referred dyspnea and cyanosis for 3 and 2 years respectively. Physical examination was normal except for finger clubbing. Chest radiograph and EKG were also normal. Lung function tests showed hypoxemia due to an increase in veno-arterial shunt (Qs/Qt). Its localization was not apparent by routine studies such as phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiogram. However, a contrast echocardiogram and selective occlusion of the right and left pulmonary arteries performed with a Dotter-Lucas catheter were suggestive of an intrapulmonary localization of the shunt. A lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico , Arteria Pulmonar , Venas Pulmonares , Adolescente , Fístula Arteriovenosa/patología , Biopsia , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/patología , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Masculino , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Se comunica el caso de un varon de 15 anos de edad en quien se establecio el diagnostico de fistulas arteriovenosas pulmonares microscopicas. Su sintomatologia basica era disnea y cianosis progresivas de 3 y 2 anos respectivamente. El examen fisico, con excepcion del hipocratismo digital, era normal. La radiografia de torax y el electrocardiograma eran tambien normales. En las pruebas de funcion respiratoria se encontraba hipoxemia severa (PaO2 = 41 mmHg), cuyo mecanismo fisiopatologico fundamental era el de aumento importante del cortocircuito veno-arterial (Qs/Qt). La localizacion de este Qs/Qt, fue intensamente investigada a traves de fono y ecocardiografia y por cateterismo derecho, los que resultaron normales. La angiografia pulmonar no mostro alteraciones significativas. A pesar de ello, un estudio de ecocardiografia con contraste realizado en cavidades ventriculares sugirio la existencia del cortocircuito a nivel intrapulmonar, dato que fue ratificado por el estudio hemodinamico con oclusiones selectivas de las ramas de la arteria pulmonar realizado con cateter de Dotter-Lucas, el que demostro aumento del cortocircuito en ambos pulmones. El estudio histopatologico de la biopsia pulmonar confirmo el diagnostico de fistulas arteriovenosas microscopicas intrapulmonares