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PURPOSE: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CDK) undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: Through a non-experimental study with repeated measures, PGI was applied twice to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlations with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF), the Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire, the Social Participation Scale, and the Glittre ADL Test were used. RESULTS: 91 individuals with CKD were evaluated. There was high reliability for the PGI (ICC= 0.97) PGI correlated with KQDOL - SF in Functional Capacity r = 0.38 (p < 0.001), Emotional Well-Being r = 0.31 (p = 0.003), Social Aspect r = 0.22 (p = 0.036), Emotional Function r = 0.22 (p = 0.038) and Effect of Kidney Disease r = 0.21 (p = 0.042), and Physical scores r = 0.24 (p = 0.021)), Mental r = 0.21 (p = 0.05) and General r = 0.22 (p = 0.037) summarized. There was a significant correlation between PGI and HAP r = 0.40 (p < 0.001) and the Social Participation Scale r = -0.36 (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the PGI and Glittre ADL scores r = 0.12 (p = 0.247). CONCLUSION: In adults receiving hemodialysis, the PGI proved to be an accurate and reliable instrument for the assessment of the quality of life from the perspective of the patient.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAlthough hemodialysis treatment is associated with increased survival and symptom control, there is a significant change in the patient's lifestyle.In order to provide a more focused view of the individual, the Patient Generated Index (PGI) was created to evaluate the quality of life.PGI is reliable and correlates with KQDOL - SF and the Social Participation Scale in this population.
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Diálisis Renal , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Adulto , Humanos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Emociones , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Objetivo: realizar uma revisão integrativa a respeito da função pulmonar e da força muscular respiratória nos músicos de instrumentos de sopro. A relação da função respiratória com a utilização de instrumentos musicais de sopro é uma área do conhecimento ainda pouco explorada. Métodos: Realizada a revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PeDro, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO, através da combinação das palavras-chave "respiratory function test", "wind instrument", musician, "pulmonary ventilation" e "Lung Function Test". Resultados: Inicialmente foram encontrados 108 artigos, sendo que destes foram selecionados 11, totalizando 596 músicos instrumentistas de sopro, que fizeram parte dos grupos de estudo. Na maioria dos estudos os músicos apresentaram valores menores do volume expirado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e da capacidade vital forçada (CVF) na espirometria que o grupo controle. No entanto, sem diferença quanto a relação VEF1/CVF. Assim como não há diferença na força muscular respiratória ou relação com doenças respiratórias. Conclusão: Os estudos atuais a respeito da consequência do instrumento de sopro em indivíduos não são capazes de evidenciar impactos positivos ou negativos na saúde respiratória desta população.
Objective: To conduct an integrative review of lung function and respiratory muscle strength in wind instrument musicians. The relationship between respiratory function and the use of wind musical instruments is an area of knowledge that has not been extensively explored. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PeDro, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases by combining the keywords "respiratory function test", "wind instrument", musician, "pulmonary ventilation" and "Lung Function Test". Results: Initially, 108 articles were found, of which 11 were selected, totaling 596 wind instrumentalists who were part of the study groups. In most studies, musicians showed lower values of expired volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in spirometry than in the control group. However, there was no difference regarding the FEV1/FVC ratio, just as there was no difference in respiratory muscle strength or relationship with respiratory diseases. Conclusion: Current studies regarding the effect of wind instruments on individuals are unable to show positive or negative impacts on the respiratory health of this population.
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Humanos , Fuerza Muscular , CantoRESUMEN
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by the presence of chronic airflow obstruction. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of acupuncture treatment (AT) in patients with COPD. Nevertheless, these studies show a great deal of heterogeneity in treatment protocols, having sample sizes that are too small to estimate and clarify effect size and heterogeneity in patients' baseline. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture on quality of life, functional performance, dyspnea, and pulmonary function in patients with COPD. As such, patients will go through the following three phases: Phase I-pretreatment: period of subject selection and inclusion in the protocol, with an interview and performance of exams and tests as follows: Mini-Cog, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, spirometry, the Patient-Generated Index, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, the six-minute walk test, the London Chest Activity of Daily Living, and the COPD Assessment Test. Phase II-8 weeks of treatment, with AT 3 times a week, with two parallel groups: Group I-with 50 subjects-AT according to the recommended technical standards; Group II-with 50 subjects-Control, without acupuncture. Phase III-Continuation of AT for 8 weeks, maintaining the subjects in the previously allocated groups and following the same methodology.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand of the Six-Minute Pegboard and Ring Test (6PBRT) in healthy young adults and its association with maximal arm cycle ergometer test (arm CET). METHODS: Volunteers were randomized to performed the 6PBRT test or arm CET. The second test was performed after 48 h. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), dyspnea and upper limb fatigue were assessed during the tests. Demographic data, body composition, level of physical activity, arm strength and endurance were also evaluated. RESULTS: During 6PBRT, VO2 values increased from 5.8 to 11.1 mL kg-1.min-1 (p < 0.001). VO2peak, HR Mean and HRmax at 6PBRT were 47.2% and close to 65% respectively of those achieved during the arm CET. There was a positive correlation between the score on 6PBRT and VO2mean and VO2peak achieved at arm CET (r = 0.268; p = 0.003 and r = 0.247; p = 0.046 respectively). No correlation was found between the HRmean, HRpeak, level of physical activity or strength with 6PBRT (p > 0.05). Handgrip endurance had a positive correlation with score on 6PBRT (r = 0.237; p = 0.054). Body Mass Index, body fat and fat mass were negatively correlated with the score on 6PBRT (r = 0.301; p = 0.014, 0.329; p = 0.007 and r = 0.427; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 6PBRT test showed a moderate cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand in healthy individuals in comparison of arm CET. BMI, body fat and fat mass correlated with the score on 6PBRT.
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Prueba de Esfuerzo , Fuerza de la Mano , Brazo , Disnea , Estado de Salud , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Consumo de Oxígeno , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In self-revolving gram-negative Escherichia coli infection, Resolvin D5 (RvD5) was found to enhance bacteria phagocytosis and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, contributing to the resolution of infection. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) is a gram-negative bacterial structure product which activates the immune system and, at high doses, leads to endotoxemia. To our knowledge, the effect of RvD5 against LPS endotoxemia has not been investigated to date. Female Swiss mice received an i.p. treatment with RvD5 (0.1, 1 or 10 ng/animal). After 1 h, they were stimulated with LPS (10 mg/kg, i.v.), and samples were collected after additional 6 h. The resulting data demonstrated that RvD5 protected the kidneys (urea and creatinine serum levels) from tissue injury. These effects were related to an improvement in histopathological parameters and a reduction of enzymatic markers of leukocyte infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6) production, and oxidative stress. Antioxidant markers were also increased by RvD5, but IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) levels were unaltered. We also observed that RvD5 reduced the infiltration of CD45+ hematopoietic cells into the kidneys, reduced the activation of NFκB and promoted the Nrf2 pathway by reducing Keap-1 levels. Our data indicate that RvD5 may be a therapeutic possibility to reduce kidney lesions in LPS endotoxemia.
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Endotoxemia , Lipopolisacáridos , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Endotoxemia/inducido químicamente , Endotoxemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, we pursue determining the effect of pentoxifylline (Ptx) in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) triggered by exposing untrained mice to intense acute swimming exercise (120 min), which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated. Ptx treatment (1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg; i.p., 30 min before and 12 h after the session) reduced intense acute swimming-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The selected dose of Ptx (4.5 mg/kg) inhibited recruitment of neutrophils to the muscle tissue, oxidative stress, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in the soleus muscle and spinal cord. Furthermore, Ptx treatment also reduced spinal cord glial cell activation. In conclusion, Ptx reduces pain by targeting peripheral and spinal cord mechanisms of DOMS.
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This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and determine the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Thirty-two women with FMS were randomized into an intervention group (IG), receiving 6 weeks of WBVT, or a control group (CG) with no intervention. The outcomes at the baseline and follow-up in both groups included blood BDNF levels, sit-to-stand test (STS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). WBVT resulted in a group-by-time interaction effect. Thus, after the intervention time, the IG had increased blood BDNF levels (p=0.045), a higher number of repetitions on the STS test (p=0.011), and increased walking distance on the 6MWT (p=0.010), compared to CG. Moreover, there was a reduction in the scores of the FIQ (p=0.001), the PSQI (p=0.001), the BDI (p=0.017), and pain assessed using VAS (p=0.008) in IG. The results demonstrate that WBVT promotes an increase in blood BDNF levels, with concomitant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in women with FMS. This trial is registered with Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC; RBR-38nbbx) (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-38nbbx).
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Fibromialgia , Calidad de Vida , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo , Femenino , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Fibromialgia/terapia , Humanos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Vibración/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.
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Psicometría/instrumentación , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Portugal , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TraduccionesRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar e validar o Patient Generated Index (PGI) para brasileiros com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Métodos 50 voluntários com DPOC, em sua maioria homens (74%), com 73,1 ± 8,9 anos de idade, VEF1 de 52,3 ± 14,5% do previsto e VEF1/CVF de 56,2 ± 8,6% do previsto, responderam ao PGI e ao Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) e realizaram teste Glittre Activities of Daily Living (Glittre ADL). Após o período de 7-14 dias, o PGI foi novamente aplicado para análise da confiabilidade relativa e absoluta. Resultados A tradução ocorreu sem alterações no questionário. A pontuação obtida no PGI apontou fraca correlação com a pontuação total do SGRQ (r = −0,44; p < 0,001) e com o domínio impacto (r = −0,40; p < 0,05), moderada correlação com o domínio sintomas do SGRQ (r = −0,55; p < 0,001) e fraca correlação com o domínio atividades (r = −0,31; p < 0,05). Foram observadas fraca correlação entre o PGI e o Glittre ADL (r = −0,30; p < 0,05) e alta confiabilidade entre as medidas do PGI (CCIr = 0,94). Conclusão Este estudo mostra que a versão brasileira do PGI é um instrumento confiável e válido para medir a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com DPOC. Trata-se de uma nova forma individualizada de avaliação de qualidade de vida centrada no paciente com DPOC.
ABSTRACT Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Psicometría/instrumentación , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Portugal , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Traducciones , Brasil , Actividades Cotidianas , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Wound healing is an essential process for organism survival. Some fatty acids have been described as modulators of wound healing. However, the role of omega-3 fatty acids is unclear. In the present work, we investigate the effects of oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich oil on wound healing in mice. After 4 weeks of EPA-rich oil supplementation (2 g/kg of body weight), mice had increased serum concentrations of EPA (20:5ω-3) (6-fold) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω-3) (33%) in relation to control mice. Omega-3 fatty acids were also incorporated into skin in the EPA fed mice. The wound healing process was delayed at the 3rd and 7th days after wounding in mice that received EPA-rich oil when compared to control mice but there was no effect on the total time required for wound closure. Collagen reorganization, that impacts the quality of the wound tissue, was impaired after EPA-rich oil supplementation. These effects were associated with an increase of M2 macrophages (twice in relation to control animals) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations in tissue in the initial stages of wound healing. In the absence of IL-10 (IL-10-/- mice), wound closure and organization of collagen were normalized even when EPA was fed, supporting that the deleterious effects of EPA-rich oil supplementation were due to the excessive production of IL-10. In conclusion, oral administration of EPA-rich oil impairs the quality of wound healing without affecting the wound closure time likely due to an elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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Colágeno/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análisis , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacología , Interleucina-10/biosíntesis , Aceites/química , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Animales , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Resumen: El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico localmente invasivo cuyo diagnóstico precoz es difícil. El tratamiento puede variar desde una enucleación simple, una enucleación asociada a curetaje y/o crioterapia hasta amplias resecciones quirúrgicas. En este presente estudio se utilizaron los datos epidemiológicos de los pacientes tales como nombre, edad, género, tipo de ameloblastoma, región y tipo de tratamiento. Éstos fueron colectados a partir de las historias clínicas de los pacientes tratados en el Conjunto Hospitalar del Mandaqui durante el periodo de 01/01/2010 al 30/08/2016. Los datos fueron transcritos para el formulario usado cotidianamente en el hospital y presentados en tablas y gráficos. De las 11 historias clínicas seleccionadas, seis pacientes pertenecían al sexo masculino y cinco al sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 32 años. La región mandibular fue la más comprometida según los datos recolectados (91%). Radiográficamente, la imagen visualizada en una mayor frecuencia fue la multilocular (64%), y por otro lado, la presencia del ameloblastoma uniquístico fue detectada en cuatro casos (36%). El tratamiento consistió en la descompresión seguida de curetaje en tres casos (27%), resección segmentar en un caso (9%), resección segmentar seguida de reconstrucción en dos casos (18%), enucleación seguida de curetaje en tres casos (27%), curetaje y aplicación de solución de Carnoy en dos casos (18%). El periodo máximo de acompañamiento fue de cinco años, no presentándose recidiva en este periodo; sin embargo, hubo pérdida de acompañamiento de estos pacientes. Con base en los datos obtenidos en la población estudiada, se concluyó que la edad promedio varió de 10 a 66 años con una media de 32 años; por otro lado, el sexo masculino fue el más comprometido correspondiendo al 55% de la muestra, siendo el tipo radiográfico de la lesión más encontrado el multilocular (64%). Finalmente, el área mandibular más afectada fue la región posterior de la mandíbula (73%) y el tipo de tratamiento con mayor prevalencia fue el desbridamiento (27%).
Abstract: Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive, odontogenic tumor of difficult early diagnosis. Treatment can vary from simple enucleation, enucleation associated to curettage and/or cryotherapy up to extensive surgical resections. The present study used epidemiological data of patients such as name, age, gender, type of ameloblastoma, region and type of treatment. Aforementioned data were collected from clinical histories of patients treated at the Mandaqui Hospital Compound during the period 01/01/ 2010 to 08/30/2016. Data were transcribed for the forms used every day in hospital, and were presented in tables and graphs. Out of 11 selected clinical histories, six patients were male and five female, average age was 32 years. According to collected data, mandibular region was the most compromised (91%). Radiographically, the most frequently image was multilocular (64%), presence of single-cyst ameloblastoma was detected in four cases (36%). In three cases (27%) treatment consisted on decompression followed by curettage, in one case (9%) segmented resection was performed, in two cases (18%), segmented resection followed by reconstruction was achieved, in three cases (27%) enucleation followed by curettage, in two cases (18%), curettage and application of Carnoy solution. Maximum follow up period was five years, no recurrence was observed in that period, nevertheless, there was follow up loss in these patients. Based on data obtained from studied population, it was concluded that average age varied from 10 to 66 years, mean age 32 years; on the other hand, male gender was the most compromised (55%), multilocular lesions were the most frequently found lesions (64%). Finally the most affected mandibular area was the posterior region of the lower jaw (73%), most frequent type of treatment was debridement (27%).
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Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which is commercially available for therapeutic use in Brazil. Herein the effect of H. perforatum extract on paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatotoxicity, lethality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in male swiss mice were investigated. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of rutin, quercetin, hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin in H. perforatum extract. Paracetamol (0.15-3.0 g/kg, p.o.) induced dose-dependent mortality. The sub-maximal lethal dose of paracetamol (1.5 g/kg, p.o.) was chosen for the experiments in the study. H. perforatum (30-300 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced paracetamol-induced lethality. Paracetamol-induced increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, and hepatic myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IFN-γ concentrations as well as decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and capacity to reduce 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical cation; ABTSË(+) ) were inhibited by H. perforatum (300 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Therefore, H. perforatum protects mice against paracetamol-induced lethality and liver damage. This effect seems to be related to the reduction of paracetamol-induced cytokine production, neutrophil recruitment, and oxidative stress.
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Acetaminofén/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Hypericum/química , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Antracenos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Perileno/análisis , Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Floroglucinol/análisis , Plantas Medicinales/química , Quercetina/análisis , Rutina/análisis , Terpenos/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The role of interleukin (IL)-1ß in intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia was investigated in mice. METHODS: Untrained mice were submitted to one session of intense acute swimming for 120 min or were submitted to sham conditions (30 s exposure to water), and muscle mechanical hyperalgesia (before and 6-48 h after swimming session), IL-1ß production (skeletal muscle and spinal cord), myeloperoxidase activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (skeletal muscle and spinal cord), and cortisol, glucose, lactate and creatine kinase (CK) levels (plasma) were analysed. KEY FINDINGS: Intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by IL-1ra treatment. IL-1ß levels were increased in soleus, but not gastrocnemius muscle and spinal cord 2 and 4 h after the session, respectively. Intense acute swimming-induced increase of myeloperoxidase activity and reduced GSH levels in soleus muscle were reversed by IL-1ra treatment. In the spinal cord, exercise induced an increase of GSH levels, which was reduced by IL-1ra. Finally, IL-1ra treatment reduced plasma levels of CK, an indicator of myocyte damage. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1ß mediates intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia by peripheral (soleus muscle) and spinal cord integrative mechanisms and could be considered a potential target to treat exercise-induced muscle pain.
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Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor Musculoesquelético/tratamiento farmacológico , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Natación , Animales , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Células Musculares/patología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Dolor Musculoesquelético/etiología , Dolor Musculoesquelético/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMEN
The injection of cytokines such as TNF-α induces muscle pain. Herein, it was addressed the role of endogenous TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in intense acute swimming-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Mice were exposed to water during 30 s (sham) or to a single session of 30-120 min of swimming. Intense acute swimming induced a dose-dependent (time of exercise-dependent) muscle mechanical hyperalgesia, which peaked after 24 h presenting characteristics of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The intense acute swimming (120 min)-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia was reduced in etanercept (soluble TNF receptor) treated and TNFR1 deficient ((-/-)) mice. TNF-α levels increased 2 and 4 h after intense acute swimming in soleus muscle (but not in gastrocnemius), and spinal cord, respectively. Exercise induced an increase of myeloperoxidase activity and decrease in reduced glutathione levels in an etanercept-sensitive and TNFR1-dependent manners in the soleus muscle, but not in the gastrocnemius muscle. Concluding, TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling mediates intense acute swimming-induced DOMS by an initial role in the soleus muscle followed by spinal cord, inducing muscle inflammatory hyperalgesia and oxidative stress. The knowledge of these mechanisms might contribute to improve the training of athletes, individuals with physical impairment and intense training such as military settings.
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Mialgia/etiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Glucemia/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanercept , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hiperalgesia/inducido químicamente , Inmunoglobulina G/farmacología , Leucocitos/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/química , Mialgia/inducido químicamente , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Esfuerzo Físico/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Médula Espinal/química , Natación/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes (LTs) and is involved in inflammation. At present, the participation of 5-LO in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity and liver damage has not been addressed. 5-LO deficient (5-LOâ»/â») mice and background wild type mice were challenged with APAP (0.3-6 g/kg) or saline. The lethality, liver damage, neutrophil and macrophage recruitment, LTB4, cytokine production, and oxidative stress were assessed. APAP induced a dose-dependent mortality, and the dose of 3 g/kg was selected for next experiments. APAP induced LTB4 production in the liver, the primary target organ in APAP toxicity. Histopathological analysis revealed that 5-LOâ»/â» mice presented reduced APAP-induced liver necrosis and inflammation compared with WT mice. APAP-induced lethality, increase of plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, liver cytokine (IL-1ß, TNF-α , IFN- γ, and IL-10), superoxide anion, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase activity, Nrf2 and gp91(phox) mRNA expression, and decrease of reduced glutathione and antioxidant capacity measured by 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate) assay were prevented in 5-LOâ»/â» mice compared to WT mice. Therefore, 5-LO deficiency resulted in reduced mortality due to reduced liver inflammatory and oxidative damage, suggesting 5-LO is a promising target to reduce APAP-induced lethality and liver inflammatory/oxidative damage.
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Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Araquidonato 5-Lipooxigenasa , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/enzimología , Acetaminofén/farmacología , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/genética , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/farmacología , Animales , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/genética , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/genética , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/enzimología , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/patología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangre , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , NADPH Oxidasa 2 , NADPH Oxidasas/sangre , NADPH Oxidasas/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/sangre , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxidos/sangreRESUMEN
Atualmente o diagnóstico de tuberculose pleural pode ser realizado com a dosagem de biomarcadores diagnósticos no líquido pleural, especificamente com a dosagem da enzima adenosina desaminase. Os quadros clínico, laboratorial, imagem e citopatologia sugestivos sempre devem ser valorizados no conjunto do diagnóstico. Tal abordagem elege somente o procedimento de toracocentese como necessário para início do diagnóstico. Na maioria das apresentações clínicas, procedimentos cirúrgicos mais invasivos (biopsias pleurais), com complicações potencialmente fatais, não precisam ser realizados para exame histopatológico
Currently the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis can be performed with the dosage of diagnostic biomarkers in pleural fluid, specifically the enzyme adenosine deaminase. The clinical, imaging and cytology suggestive should always be valued in the set of diagnosis together laboratory measurements. This approach selects only a thoracentesis procedure for early diagnosis. In most clinical presentations, more invasive surgical procedures (pleural biopsies) with life-threatening complications for histopathological examination
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/enzimología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Adenosina Desaminasa/análisis , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas/métodos , Interferón gamma/análisis , Paracentesis/métodos , Tuberculosis Pleural/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The Ehrlich tumor is a mammary adenocarcinoma of mice that can be developed in solid and ascitic forms depending on its administration in tissues or cavities, respectively. The present study investigates whether the subcutaneous plantar administration of the Ehrlich tumor cells induces pain-like behavior and initial pharmacological susceptibility characteristics. The Ehrlich tumor cells (1 × 10(4)-10(7) cells) induced dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of the von Frey filaments), paw edema/tumor growth (caliper), and flinches compared with the saline group between days 2 and 12. There was no difference between doses of cells regarding thermal hyperalgesia in the hot-plate test. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and amitriptyline hydrochloride (a tricyclic antidepressant) treatments did not affect flinches or thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. On the other hand, morphine (an opioid) inhibited the flinch behavior and the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. These effects of morphine on pain-like behavior were prevented by naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) treatment. None of the treatments affected paw edema/tumor growth. The results showed that, in addition to tumor growth, administration of the Ehrlich tumor cells may represent a novel model for the study of cancer pain, specially the pain that is susceptible to treatment with opioids, but not to cyclooxygenase inhibitor or to tricyclic antidepressant.
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Conducta Animal , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/fisiopatología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/fisiopatología , Amitriptilina/farmacología , Amitriptilina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Edema/complicaciones , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/patología , Hiperalgesia/patología , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Indometacina/farmacología , Indometacina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Morfina/farmacología , Morfina/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/etiología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , TemperaturaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: CONTEXT. Tephrosia toxicaria is currently known as Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev. (Fabaceae) and is a source of compounds such as flavonoids that inhibit inflammatory pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analgesic effect and mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extract of T. sinapou in inflammatory pain in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Behavioral responses were evaluated using mechanical (1-24 h) and thermal hyperalgesia (0.5-5 h), writhing response (20 min) and rota-rod (1-5 h) tests. Neutrophil recruitment (myeloperoxidase activity), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α and interleukin [IL]-1ß), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels were determined by colorimetric assays. Pharmacological treatments were opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone, 0.1-1 mg/kg) and control opioid (morphine, 5 mg/kg). Inflammatory stimuli were carrageenin (100 µg/paw), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 10 µl/paw), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 100 ng/paw) and acetic acid (0.8%). RESULTS: The intraperitoneal pre-treatment with extract inhibited in a dose-dependent (30-300 mg/kg) dependent manner the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenin (up to 93% inhibition). The post-treatment (100 mg/kg) inhibited CFA-induced hyperalgesia (up to 63% inhibition). Naloxone (1 mg/kg) prevented the inhibitory effect of the extract over carrageenin-induced mechanical (100%) and thermal (100%) hyperalgesia, neutrophil recruitment (52%) and TNFα (63%) and IL-1ß (98%) production, thermal threshold in naïve mice (99%), PGE2-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (88%) and acetic acid-induced writhing response (49%). There was no significant alteration in the rota-rod test, and AST and ALT serum levels by extract treatment. Discussion and conclusion. Tephrosia sinapou ethyl acetate extract reduces inflammatory pain by activating an opioid receptor-dependent mechanism.
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Analgésicos/farmacología , Hiperalgesia/prevención & control , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Dolor/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Receptores Opioides/efectos de los fármacos , Tephrosia , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Acetatos/química , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hiperalgesia/inducido químicamente , Hiperalgesia/inmunología , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Masculino , Ratones , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/inmunología , Dolor/metabolismo , Dolor/fisiopatología , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Raíces de Plantas , Plantas Medicinales , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Solventes/química , Tephrosia/química , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Os estados hiperglicêmicos e hipoglicêmicos agudos são exemplos das mais comuns emergências médicas com que nos deparamos no campo das alterações do metabolismo. Os estados hiperglicêmicos agudos compreendem a cetoacidose diabética e o coma hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico não cetótico. Neste artigo, analisamos essas condições hiperglicêmicas, que representam um desafio para o clínico e o médico generalista que trabalham no terreno nas emergências médicas
The acute hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic situations are examples of the most common medical emergencies that we face in the field of metabolic disorders. The acute hyperglycemic situations include diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma hyperosmolar nonketotic. In this article, we analyze these two hyperglycemic conditions that represent a challenge to the clinician and general practitioner working in the field in medical emergencies
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Cetoacidosis Diabética/complicaciones , Cetoacidosis Diabética/fisiopatología , Cetoacidosis Diabética/terapia , Coma Diabético/complicaciones , Glucemia/análisis , Fluidoterapia , Hiperglucemia/terapia , Hipoglucemia/terapia , Insulinoma/complicacionesRESUMEN
Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common form of human dwarfism and has been associated with biochemical alterations of the bone tissue, also observed in cases of osteoporosis. The present case series aimed at assessing low bone density, diagnosed with spinal bone mineral density (BMD) analysis and with panoramic radiograph measurements, in ACH patients. Spinal BMD was measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar region (L1-L4). On dental panoramic radiographs of the patients, the mandibular cortical width was measured separately on the right and left sides. The Klemetti Index was also assigned as appropriate for evaluating the cortical area below the mandibular foramen. Additional parameters such as patient age, gender, body mass index, and number of teeth were also recorded. BMD results showed that 5/11 cases presented with skeletal osteopenia/osteoporosis diagnoses. Additionally, mandibular cortical erosion was detected in panoramic radiographs in 8/11 cases. The BMD and panoramic radiographic alterations found in this study suggest that the diagnosis of low bone density may have a special clinical relevance in cases of bone tissue disorders, such as achondroplasia.