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Global warming has significantly altered fish distribution patterns in the ocean, shifting towards higher latitudes and deeper waters. This is particularly relevant in high-latitude marine ecosystems, where climate-driven environmental changes are occurring at higher rates than the global average. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are increasingly being used for predicting distributional shifts in habitat suitability for marine species as a response to climate change. Here, we used SDMs to project habitat suitability changes for a range of high-latitude, pelagic and benthopelagic commercial fish species and crustaceans (10 species); from 1850 to two future climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6: low climate forcing; and SSP5-8.5: high climate forcing). The study includes 11 Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) spanning South America, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. We identified declining and southward-shifting patterns in suitable habitat areas for most species, particularly under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and for some species such as Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) in South America, or snoek (Thyrsites atun) off Southern Africa. Geographical constraints will likely result in species from Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand facing the most pronounced habitat losses due to rising sea surface temperatures (SST). In contrast, South American species might encounter greater opportunities for migrating southward. Additionally, the SSP5-8.5 scenario predicts that South America will be more environmentally stable compared to other regions. Overall, our findings suggest that the Patagonian shelf could serve as a climate refuge, due to higher environmental stability highlighting the importance of proactive management strategies in this area for species conservation. This study significantly contributes to fisheries and conservation management, providing valuable insights for future protection efforts in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Abstract Introduction: Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), is a rare genetic disease that induces the development of odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal malformations and neoplasms, especially multiple and recurrent basal cell carcinomas (BCC). This condition is rare in black people, being reported in this population in only 5% of the cases. Case presentation: A 68-year-old black man reported the constant appearance for approximately 4 years of multiple papules and non-pruritic and non-desquamating skin plaques, with hyperpigmented margins, of different sizes that grew gradually in scalp, left lower eyelid, arms, forearms, back, and lower limbs. Histopathological study showed multiple BCC, and imaging studies identified calcifications in the tentorium cerebelli and cerebral falx, as well as images suggestive of odontogenic cysts. Based on his clinical history, histopathologic and imaging findings, and physical examination, he was diagnosed with GGS. Conclusions: This is the first case of GGS in an older black adult reported in Colombia. This case highlights the relevance of reviewing the medical records and performing a thorough physical examination when approaching the patient, as well as doing a comprehensive geriatric assessment, since they are key to diagnose this rare disease and initiate a timely multidisciplinary treatment. This will allow obtaining better outcomes in these patients.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz (SGG), o síndrome del nevo basocelular, es una enfermedad genética rara que induce el desarrollo de queratoquistes odontogénicos, malformaciones esqueléticas y neoplasias, especialmente carcinomas basocelulares (CBC) múltiples y recurrentes. Esta condición es infrecuente en personas de raza negra, reportándose en esta población solo en el 5% de los casos. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 68 años de raza negra, quien reportó la constante aparición, durante aproximadamente 4 años, de múltiples pápulas y placas no pruriginosas ni descamativas, de bordes hiperpigmentados, de diferentes dimensiones y de crecimiento gradual en cuero cabelludo, párpado inferior izquierdo, brazos, antebrazos, dorso y miembros inferiores. El estudio histopatológico evidenció múltiples CBC y en los estudios de imagen se identificaron calcificaciones en el tentorium cerebelli y la hoz del cerebro, así como imágenes sugestivas de quistes odontogénicos. Teniendo en cuenta la historia clínica, los hallazgos histopatológicos e imagenológicos y el examen físico, se diagnosticó con SGG. Conclusiones. Este el primer caso de SGG en un adulto mayor de raza negra reportado en Colombia. En este caso se resalta la importancia de la revisión de la historia clínica y el examen físico al momento de abordar un paciente, así como de una valoración geriátrica integral, ya que son fundamentales para diagnosticar esta rara enfermedad y poder iniciar un manejo multidisciplinario temprano, lo que permitirá obtener mejores resultados en estos pacientes.

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Fish skeletal remains recovered from two archaeological sites dated in the Middle Holocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) were analysed to describe habitat use patterns by hake in the past and predict changes in a warmer world. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully extracted and amplified from 42 out of 45 first vertebra from ancient hake and phylogenetic analysis assigned all haplotypes to Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi). According to osteometry, the Argentine hake recovered from the archaeological site were likely adults ranging 37.2-58.1 cm in standard length. C and N stable isotope analysis showed that currently Argentine hake use foraging grounds deeper than those of Patagonian blenny and pink cusk-eel. Argentine hake, however, had a much broader isotopic niche during the Middle Holocene, when a large part of the population foraged much shallower than contemporary pink cusk-eel. The overall evidence suggests the presence of large numbers of Argentine hake onshore Tierra del Fuego during the Middle Holocene, which allowed exploitation by hunter-gatherer-fisher groups devoid of fishing technology. Interestingly, average SST off Tierra del Fuego during the Middle Holocene was higher than currently (11 °C vs 7 °C) and matched SST in the current southernmost onshore spawning aggregations, at latitude 47 °S. This indicates that increasing SST resulting from global warming will likely result into an increased abundance of adult Argentine hake onshore Tierra del Fuego, as during the Middle Holocene. Furthermore, stable isotope ratios from mollusc shells confirmed a much higher marine primary productivity during the Middle Holocene off Tierra del Fuego.

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El vólvulo gástrico es una condición potencialmente mortal, consistente en la rotación anormal del estómago sobre un eje sostenido por dos partes fijas. Produce síntomas inespecíficos, lo cual, junto con su baja incidencia, hace difícil el diagnóstico. Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica y se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de vólvulo gástrico. En ambos, la presentación clínica fue aguda, pero con diferentes manifestaciones. El abordaje quirúrgico, en uno, fue mediante técnica abierta y, en el otro, mediante laparoscopia (gastrectomía vertical); esta última, con menor morbimortalidad y repercusión en las funciones fisiológicas y anatómicas del paciente. La vía laparoscópica permite abordajes mínimamente invasivos, poco reportada en la literatura, la cual puede ser una opción adecuada para el abordaje en estos pacientes.

Gastric volvulus is a life-threatening pathology characterized by the abnormal rotation of the stomach on an axis formed by two fixed parts, which causes nonspecific symptoms. Together, the low incidence and clinical presentation, makes it a challenging diagnosis. The aim of this article is to review the literature and to present two patients with acute gastric volvulus with different clinical presentation. The first was treated by an open technique and the second one by laparoscopic technique (vertical gastrectomy) which resulted in a lower morbidity and mortality with less impact on the physiological and anatomical functions. Few cases have been reported in the literature and it may be considered an appropriate option for the approach on these patients

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the skeletal elements of both ancient and modern marine species from the Beagle Channel were used to compare the structure of Late Holocene and modern food webs, and predict potential changes as a result of a Sea Surface Temperature (SST) increase in the region. Complementary, ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels were isotopically analysed to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and compare marine food webs through time after an appropriate correction for baseline shifts. Results confirmed a declining pattern of marine primary productivity during the Late Holocene in the Beagle Channel. In general, the isotopic niches overlapped largely in the ancient food web in comparison to the current marine one, with the exception of that of cormorants (Phalacrocorax sp.). Our data suggest that all the species that have undergone intense human exploitation (Arctocephalus australis, Otaria flavescens and Merluccius sp.) significantly increased their trophic levels. The most important finding of this work was the very high isotopic overlap between snoek (Thyrsites atun) and hake (Merluccius sp.) during the Late Holocene. Increasing SST as a result of global warming could favour the recolonization of the southern South-Western Atlantic Ocean by snoek from the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean, with a potential impact on the landings of the economically important Argentine and Austral hake. These findings highlight the relevance of using zooarchaeological remains for providing predictions about marine food webs changes in the near future.

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BACKGROUND: Tetrapods do not express hydrolases for cellulose and hemicellulose assimilation, and hence, the independent acquisition of herbivory required the establishment of new endosymbiotic relationships between tetrapods and microbes. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are one of the three groups of marine tetrapods with an herbivorous diet and which acquire it after several years consuming pelagic animals. We characterized the microbiota present in the feces and rectum of 24 young wild and captive green turtles from the coastal waters of Brazil, with curved carapace length ranging from 31.1 to 64.7 cm, to test the hypotheses that (1) the ontogenetic dietary shift after settlement is followed by a gradual change in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, (2) differences exist between the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome of green turtles from tropical and subtropical regions, and (3) the consumption of omnivorous diets modifies the gut microbiota of green turtles. RESULTS: A genomic library of 2,186,596 valid bacterial 16S rRNA reads was obtained and these sequences were grouped into 6321 different operational taxonomic units (at 97% sequence homology cutoff). The results indicated that most of the juvenile green turtles less than 45 cm of curved carapace length exhibited a fecal microbiota co-dominated by representatives of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and high levels of Clostridiaceae, Prophyromonas, Ruminococaceae, and Lachnospiraceae within the latter phylum. Furthermore, this was the only microbiota profile found in wild green turtles > 45 cm CCL and in most of the captive green turtles of any size feeding on a macroalgae/fish mixed diet. Nevertheless, microbial diversity increased with turtle size and was higher in turtles from tropical than from subtropical regions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that juvenile green turtles from the coastal waters of Brazil had the same general microbiota, regardless of body size and origin, and suggest a fast acquisition of a polysaccharide fermenting gut microbiota by juvenile green turtles after settlement into coastal habitats.

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Stable isotope analyses have become an important tool in reconstructing diets, analysing resource use patterns, elucidating trophic relations among predators and understanding the structure of food webs. Here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen to reconstruct and compare the isotopic niches of adult South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis; n = 86) and sea lions (Otaria flavescens; n = 49) - two otariid species with marked morphological differences - in the Río de la Plata estuary (Argentina - Uruguay) and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean during the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Samples from the middle Holocene (n = 7 fur seals and n = 5 sea lions) are also included in order to provide a reference point for characterizing resource partitioning before major anthropogenic modifications of the environment. We found that the South American fur seals and South American sea lions had distinct isotopic niches during the middle Holocene. Isotopic niche segregation was similar at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, but has diminished over time. The progressive convergence of the isotopic niches of these two otariids during the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century is most likely due to the increased reliance of South American fur seals on demersal prey. This recent dietary change in South American fur seals can be explained by at least two non-mutually exclusive mechanisms: (i) the decrease in the abundance of sympatric South American sea lions as a consequence of small colony size and high pup mortality resulting from commercial sealing; and (ii) the decrease in the average size of demersal fishes due to intense fishing of the larger class sizes, which may have increased their accessibility to those eared seals with a smaller mouth gape, that is, South American fur seals of both sexes and female South American sea lions.

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Predators may modify their diets as a result of both anthropogenic and natural environmental changes. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon in bone collagen have been used to reconstruct the foraging ecology of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) in the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean since the Middle Holocene, a region inhabited by hunter-gatherers by millennia and modified by two centuries of whaling, sealing and fishing. Results suggest that the isotopic niche of fur seals from Patagonia has not changed over the last two millennia (average for the period: δ13C2200-0BP = -13.4 ± 0.5‰, δ15N2200-0BP = 20.6 ± 1.1‰). Conversely, Middle Holocene fur seals fed more pelagically than their modern conspecifics in the Río de la Plata region (δ13C7000BP = -15.9 ± 0.6‰ vs. δ13CPRESENT = -13.5 ± 0.8‰) and Tierra del Fuego (δ13C6400-4300BP = -15.4 ± 0.5‰ vs. δ13CPRESENT = -13.2 ± 0.7‰). In the latter region, Middle Holocene fur seals also fed at a higher trophic level than their modern counterparts (δ15N6400-4300BP = 20.5 ± 0.5‰ vs. δ15NPRESENT = 19.0 ± 1.6‰). Nevertheless, a major dietary shift was observed in fur seals from Tierra del Fuego during the nineteenth century (δ13C100BP = -17.2 ± 0.3‰, δ15N100BP = 18.6 ± 0.7‰), when marine primary productivity plummeted and the fur seal population was decimated by sealing. Disentangling the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in explaining this dietary shift is difficult, but certainly the trophic position of fur seals has changed through the Holocene in some South Atlantic regions.

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Most otariids have colony-specific foraging areas during the breeding season, when they behave as central place foragers. However, they may disperse over broad areas after the breeding season and individuals from different colonies may share foraging grounds at that time. Here, stable isotope ratios in the skull bone of adult Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) were used to assess the long-term fidelity of both sexes to foraging grounds across the different regions of the Galapagos archipelago. Results indicated that the stable isotope ratios (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) of sea lion bone significantly differed among regions of the archipelago, without any significant difference between sexes and with a non significant interaction between sex and region. Moreover, standard ellipses, estimated by Bayesian inference and used as a measure of the isotopic resource use area at the population level, overlapped widely for the sea lions from the southern and central regions, whereas the overlap of the ellipses for sea lions from the central and western regions was small and non-existing for those from the western and southern regions. These results suggest that males and females from the same region within the archipelago use similar foraging grounds and have similar diets. Furthermore, they indicate that the exchange of adults between regions is limited, thus revealing a certain degree of foraging philopatry at a regional scale within the archipelago. The constraints imposed on males by an expanded reproductive season (~ 6 months), resulting from the weak reproductive synchrony among females, and those imposed on females by a very long lactation period (at least one year but up to three years), may explain the limited mobility of adult Galapagos sea lions of both sexes across the archipelago.

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En el presente texto queremos examinar la experiencia del dolor en el espacio comunitario. Se examina aquí la escena de la tragedia Suplicantes de Eurípides, donde Teseo invita a Adrasto para que deje de llorar y comience a hablar, pues sólo en el habla todo llega a término. Esta escena nos permite mostrar cómo se articula la experiencia del sufrimiento humano con el fenómeno de la delegación como descarga del peso del dolor. Esto muestra también cómo la existencia humana está vinculada a una vulnerabilidad esencial que surge desde nuestra corporalidad. Así podemos tomar distancia de la ontología del cuidado desarrollada por Heidegger y complementar la analítica existencial con la antropología filosófica de Blumenberg.

In this text, we want to examine the experience of pain in the community space. We examine here the scene of the tragedy of Euripides Suppliant where Theseus invites Adrasto to stop mourn and start talking, because only in speech everything comes to an end. This scene allows us to show how the experience of human suffering with the phenomenon of the delegation as discharge burden of pain is articulated. This also shows how human existence is linked to a critical vulnerability that arises from our physicality. Therefore, we can take away from the ontology of care developed by Heidegger and complement the existential analysis with philosophical anthropology by Blumenberg.

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RATIONALE: The use of accurate, species-specific diet-tissue discrimination factors is a critical requirement when applying stable isotope mixing models to predict consumer diet composition. Thus, diet-to-female and female-to-pup isotopic discrimination factors in several tissues for both captive and wild South American sea lions were estimated to provide appropriate values for quantifying feeding preferences at different timescales in the wild populations of this species. METHODS: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the blood components of two female-pup pairs and females' prey muscle from captive individuals were determined by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) to calculate the respective isotopic discrimination factors. The same analysis was carried out in both blood components, and skin and hair tissues for eight female-pup pairs from wild individuals. RESULTS: Mean diet-to-female Δ(13) C and Δ(15) N values were higher than the female-to-pup ones. Pup tissues were more (15) N-enriched than their mothers but (13) C-depleted in serum and plasma tissues. In most of the tissue comparisons, we found differences in both Δ(15) N and Δ(13) C values, supporting tissue-specific discrimination. We found no differences between captive and wild female-to-pup discrimination factors either in Δ(13) C or Δ(15) N values of blood components. CONCLUSIONS: Only the stable isotope ratios in pup blood are good proxies of the individual lactating females. Thus, we suggest that blood components are more appropriate to quantify the feeding habits of wild individuals of this species. Furthermore, because female-to-pup discrimination factors for blood components did not differ between captive and wild individuals, we suggest that results for captive experiments can be extrapolated to wild South American sea lion populations.

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The human exploitation of marine resources is characterised by the preferential removal of the largest species. Although this is expected to modify the structure of food webs, we have a relatively poor understanding of the potential consequences of such alteration. Here, we take advantage of a collection of ancient consumer tissues, using stable isotope analysis and SIBER to assess changes in the structure of coastal marine food webs in the South-western Atlantic through the second half of the Holocene as a result of the sequential exploitation of marine resources by hunter-gatherers, western sealers and modern fishermen. Samples were collected from shell middens and museums. Shells of both modern and archaeological intertidal herbivorous molluscs were used to reconstruct changes in the stable isotopic baseline, while modern and archaeological bones of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens, South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis and Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus were used to analyse changes in the structure of the community of top predators. We found that ancient food webs were shorter, more redundant and more overlapping than current ones, both in northern-central Patagonia and southern Patagonia. These surprising results may be best explained by the huge impact of western sealing on pinnipeds during the fur trade period, rather than the impact of fishing on fish populations. As a consequence, the populations of pinnipeds at the end of the sealing period were likely well below the ecosystem's carrying capacity, which resulted in a release of intraspecific competition and a shift towards larger and higher trophic level prey. This in turn led to longer and less overlapping food webs.

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Se entregan conceptos generales para la elaboración de un diagnóstico de gestión deltalento humano y elementos claves sobre los modelos de gestión y desarrollo del talentohumano en las organizaciones, tales como el análisis ocupacional, la selección de personal,la escala salarial, la evaluación del desempeño, los procesos de capacitación y la gestiónde la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.Se recomienda a las instituciones de salud la elaboración de un diagnóstico de la gestión deltalento humano haciendo uso del instrumento diseñado y validado por el modelo estándarde control interno del Estado Colombiano, denominado: encuesta de desarrollo humano,para diseñar un plan de mejoramiento en gestión humana, como un factor determinantede la productividad y del mejoramiento en la atención de los usuarios.

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Objetivo: validar la escala de envolvimiento emocional y crítica familiar (FEICS) en la población clínica psiquiátrica colombiana. Métodos: se tradujo la escala y luego se hizo el mismo proceso en sentido inverso. Se evaluaron: validez de apariencia por un grupo de expertos, validez de contenido y conceptos mediante análisis factorial de componentes principales, validez concurrente mediante comparación con "monólogo de cinco minutos" y subescala de cohesión de la Escala de Evaluación de Adaptabilidad y Cohesión Familiar (FACES-III), consistencia interna y reproducibilidad test-retest. Resultados: en el análisis factorial se encontraron cuatro dominios: censura, envolvimiento, intrusión y apoyo, que explicaron el 57,4 de la varianza. La consistencia interna de la subescala de crítica fue buena con una alfa de Crombach de 0,76 y la subescala de envolvimiento fue baja con un alfa de Crombach de 0,54. La reproducibilidad test-retest de la subescala de criticismo fue excelente (CCI = 0,92) y de la subescala de envolvimiento, buena (CCI = 0,62). Hubo una correlación significativa entre la subescala de crítica y el número de comentarios críticos del "monólogo de cinco minutos" (r = 0,31, p = 0,0001). Conclusiones: la FEICS fue de fácil aplicación y mostró cuatro dominios, a diferencia de los dos de la escala original. La subescala de crítica tiene gran consistencia interna, reproducibilidad test-retest y validez de concepto, lo cual la hace útil para la práctica clínica y de investigación. A pesar de que la subescala de envolvimiento se correlacionó con la FACESIII y su reproducibilidad test-retest fue buena, su escasa consistencia interna hace pensar en la necesidad de estudiar con mayor profundidad factores culturales asociados con el envolvimiento para posiblemente modificar los ítems de esta subescala...

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