RESUMEN
Multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MDRUPEC) significantly correlates with recurrent, complicated, and persistent urinary tract infection (UTI). The leading cause of multidrug resistance is the ability of E. coli to form biofilms. The physiological heterogeneity, genetic incontinency, and putative events in gene expression of biofilms render them resistant to antimicrobials and the host immune system. Understanding the determinants of antimicrobial resistance and its correlation with biofilm formations will, therefore, help the development of a better strategy for treating biofilm-associated UTIs. The present study reports on the in vitro detection of biofilm formation among multidrug resistant E. coli strains isolated from urine, the major cause of communal, nosocomial, and food-borne uropathogenic UTI. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in and around Ooty, Nilgiris, India. From the 869 urine samples analyzed for UTI, 29.34% were found to be caused by E. coli. Among this about 23.92% were found to be multidrug resistant. Among the multidrug resistant E. coli isolates, 36.06% of them were potent biofilm producers. E. coli biofilms (n = 22) were resistant to the antibiotics used to treat UTI, namely, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalotin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All the biofilm producers exhibited motility and hemaggultination but none were positive for hemolysin production. The isolated E. coli biofilms were confirmed by VITEK R2 Compact (bioMerieux, France) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Infecciones Urinarias , Humanos , Escherichia coli/genética , Estudios Transversales , Incidencia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , BiopelículasRESUMEN
The existence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli (superbugs) is a global health issue confronting humans, livestock, food processing units, and pharmaceutical industries. The quorum sensing (QS) controlling ability of the E. coli to form biofilms has become one of the important reasons for the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Quorum signaling activation and formation of biofilm lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens increasing the therapy difficult for treating bacterial diseases. There is a crucial need, therefore, to reinforce newer therapeutic designs to overcome this resistance. As the infections caused by E. coli are attributed via the QSregulated biofilm formation, easing this system by QS inhibitors is a possible strategy for treating bacterial diseases. Plant based natural products have been reported to bind to QS receptors and interrupt the QS systems of pathogens by inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting the formed biofilms, thus minimizing the chances to develop a resistance mechanism. The present report reviews critically the QS capability of E. coli to form biofilms leading to multidrug resistant pathogens and the investigations that have been carried out so far on plant acquired natural products as QS inhibitors.