RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes -all of which are related to environmental persistence- in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from abattoir samples at the arrival of broilers (initial stage) and in meat products after processing (final stage). A total of 119 DNA extracts (55 C. jejuni and 64 C. coli) were included in the study. Identification of genes was performed by conventional PCR (one for each gene). The overall prevalence was 40.3%, 93.3% and 68.9% for the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) between prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli for all three genes. In C. coli the prevalence was significantly higher for the htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.015) genes, while ppk1 gene prevalence was significantly higher in C. jejuni (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant increase in the frequency of htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.013) genes in the final product compared to broilers on arrival at the abattoir was observed in C. jejuni, but not in C. coli. These results suggest that htrA and htrB genes are involved in environmental persistence of Campylobacter jejuni.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Campylobacter , Campylobacter coli , Campylobacter jejuni , Animales , Campylobacter coli/genética , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Mataderos , Pollos , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinariaRESUMEN
An extensive cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of and associated risk factors for Brucella infection was performed in dairy and mixed (dairy-beef) cattle herds in Ecuador. A total of 2666 serum samples from 386 farms were analyzed using Rose Bengal test and a blocking ELISA test. In addition, a questionnaire with 57 variables related to management, feeding, facilities, biosecurity, and animal health was filled in every cattle farm. A Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to determine the factors associated with Brucella seropositivity. The true prevalence of Brucella seropositivity in dairy and mixed cattle from Ecuador reached 17.0% (CI95% 15.6-18.4%). The herd prevalence was 45.1% (174/386) (CI95% 40.1-50.1%), and the within-herd prevalence ranged from 10 to 100% (mean 38.9%; Q1 14.3%, Q2 26.8%, Q3 52.5%). Seven factors were included in the GEE model for Brucella seropositivity: the nominal variables sex (OR 2.03; CI95% 1.32-3.13), herd type (dairy) (OR 1.79; CI95% 1.11-2.87), closed facilities in the farm (OR 1.80; CI95% 1.19-2.74), and ad libitum feeding (OR: 0.32; CI95%: 0.19-0.54), and the quantitative variables age (OR 1.005; CI95% 1.001-1.009), average slope in the farm (%) (OR 1.013; CI95% 1.002-1.024), and annual abortion rate (OR 1.016; CI95% 1.002-1.031). This study remarks the high spread of Brucella infection in cattle farms from Ecuador. In addition, it reports the risk factors associated to this infection in the predominant extensive system existent in this country.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis Bovina/epidemiología , Animales , Brucella/inmunología , Bovinos , Estudios Transversales , Ecuador/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Modelos Logísticos , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Infections caused by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds can act as reservoirs of both pathogens. A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The overall prevalence detected for Campylobacter was 5.9% (18/306; CI95%: 3.25-8.52) in decoys and 2.3% (9/387; CI95%: 0.82-3.83) in wild raptors. Isolates were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari in both bird groups. Salmonella was isolated in 3.3% (10/306; CI95%: 2.3-4.3) and 4.6% (18/394; CI95%: 3.5-5.6) of the decoys and raptors, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most frequently identified serovars, although Salmonella serovars Anatum, Bredeney, London and Mikawasima were also isolated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates showed higher genetic diversity within Campylobacter species compared to Salmonella serovars. Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, while resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was found in Salmonella isolates. The results indicate that both decoys and raptors can act as natural carriers of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Spain, which may have important implications for public and animal health.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/microbiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Campylobacter/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Variación Genética , Rapaces/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonella/genética , Animales , Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Campylobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/transmisión , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Patos/microbiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Eritromicina/farmacología , Heces/microbiología , Gansos/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Prevalencia , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/transmisión , España/epidemiología , ZoonosisRESUMEN
Ruminant pestiviruses (family Flaviviridae) affect both wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, causing reproductive disorders and severe economic losses. Wild (n=1442) and domestic (n=373) ruminants from southern Spain were tested for the presence of antibodies to pestiviruses. Seropositivity was detected by both ELISA and virus neutralisation test in 1/892 (0.1 per cent) red deer, 29/125 (23.2 per cent) cattle and 17/157 (10.8 per cent) sheep. Pestivirus-specific antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) genotypes 1, 4 and 5 were detected. Significantly higher antibody titres to BDV-4 compared with BVDV-NADL were found in one cattle farm. Results indicate that wild ruminants may act as spillover hosts from domestic ruminants, and therefore they do not represent a risk for domestic ruminants in southern Spain. The wide distribution of pestiviruses among sheep and cattle suggests that transmission between these species may occur.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos/virología , Animales Salvajes/virología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Pestivirus/inmunología , Rumiantes/virología , Animales , Virus de la Enfermedad de la Frontera/genética , Virus de la Enfermedad de la Frontera/inmunología , Bovinos , Ciervos , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/inmunología , Ovinos , EspañaRESUMEN
An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the spatial-temporal trends and risk factors potentially involved in the seropositivity to bluetongue virus (BTV) in hunting areas with presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus). A total of 60 of 98 (61.2%; CI95% : 51.6-70.9) hunting areas sampled presented at least one seropositive red deer. Antibodies against BTV were detected in juvenile animals during the hunting seasons 2007/2008 to 2013/2014 in 15 of 98 (15.3%) hunting areas, which indicates an uninterrupted circulation of BTV in this period. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that the red deer density at hunting area level (>22 individuals/km(2) ), the annual abundance of Culicoides imicola (>1.4 mosquitoes/sampling) and the goat density at municipality level (>24.1 individuals/km(2) ) were factors significantly associated with BTV seropositivity in hunting areas. Control measures against BTV in the studied area include vaccination programmes in wild and domestic ruminants, movement control in areas with high densities and abundance of red deer and C. imicola, respectively. Considering the potential risk of BTV re-emergence, red deer should be included in the BT surveillance programmes in regions where these species share habitats with livestock.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos/virología , Virus de la Lengua Azul/aislamiento & purificación , Lengua Azul/epidemiología , Ciervos/virología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Lengua Azul/prevención & control , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Estudios Transversales , Cabras/virología , Modelos Logísticos , Recreación , Factores de Riesgo , Rumiantes/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Ovinos/virología , España/epidemiología , VacunaciónAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiología , Piscirickettsia/fisiología , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/veterinaria , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Enfermedades de los Peces/patología , Inmersión , Piscirickettsia/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/patologíaRESUMEN
A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter species and to identify potential associated risk factors for wild artiodactyl species in southern Spain. Campylobacter species were isolated in 55 of 363 (15.2%) faecal samples. Campylobacter was identified in faeces from wild boar (49/126; 38.9%), red deer (5/179; 2.8%) and mouflon (1/13; 7.7%) but not from fallow deer (0/45). The isolated Campylobacter species were identified as C. jejuni (2 isolates; 3.6%), C. coli (11 isolates; 20.0%) and C. lanienae (37 isolates; 67.3%). Five isolates (9.1%) could not be identified at the species level. This report is the first to describe C. lanienae infection in wild ruminant species. Resistance to erythromycin (4.8%), ciprofloxacin (37.5%), tetracycline (52.9%) and streptomycin (55%) were detected. C. lanienae presented a significantly higher number of susceptible isolates to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline than C. coli. Due to the low number of positive wild ruminants, a Generalised Estimating Equations model was only carried out for wild boar. The model indicated that the risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection were the density of wild boar (>10/100ha) (OR: 3.05; CI95%: 2.2-4.3), the presence of artificial waterholes (OR: 3.67; CI95%: 1.3-10.5) and the winter season (OR: 3.30; CI95%: 1.9-5.8). Campylobacter infection is widespread in wild boar populations in southern Spain. These findings suggest that wild artiodactyls, particularly wild boar, constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter species, including resistant and multi-resistant strains, which may be of public health concern.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Campylobacter coli/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Ciervos/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Sus scrofa/microbiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Campylobacter/fisiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Campylobacter coli/aislamiento & purificación , Campylobacter coli/fisiología , Campylobacter jejuni/aislamiento & purificación , Campylobacter jejuni/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Heces/microbiología , Incidencia , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the aetiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a disease which affects a variety of teleost species and that is particularly severe in salmonid fish. Bacterial-free supernatants, obtained from cultures of three isolates of Piscirickettsia salmonis, were inoculated in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and in three continuous cell lines in an effort to determine the presence of secretion of extracellular products (ECPs) by this microorganism. Although steatosis was found in some liver samples, no mortalities or clinical signs occurred in the inoculated fish. Clear cytotoxicity was observed after inoculation in the cell lines CHSE-214 and ASK, derived from salmonid tissues, but not in MDBK, which is of mammalian origin. The degree of cytotoxicity of the ECPs was different among the P. salmonis isolates tested. The isolate that evidenced the highest cytotoxicity in its ECPs exhibited only an intermediate virulence level after challenging fish with bacterial suspensions of the three P. salmonis isolates. Almost complete inhibition of the cytotoxic activity of ECPs was seen after proteinase K treatment, indicating their peptidic nature, and a total preclusion of the cytotoxicity was shown after their incubation at 50 °C for 30 min. Results show that P. salmonis can produce ECPs and at least some of them are thermolabile exotoxins that probably play a role in the pathogenesis of piscirickettsiosis.
Asunto(s)
Exotoxinas/toxicidad , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Piscirickettsia/fisiología , Piscirickettsia/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/veterinaria , Salmo salar , Factores de Virulencia/toxicidad , Animales , Línea Celular , Exotoxinas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Peces/metabolismo , Piscirickettsia/genética , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/metabolismo , Infecciones por Piscirickettsiaceae/microbiología , VirulenciaRESUMEN
A microbiological and epidemiological survey examining Campylobacter species-related infection in dogs from clinics in Cordoba (Southern Spain) was performed from May 2007 to March 2008. Three-hundred and six rectal swabs were taken from both ill and healthy dogs, and an epidemiological questionnaire was filled out. The isolated bacterial strains were identified by means of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence factors for Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis infection were determined by logistic regression. An antimicrobial susceptibility screening test was performed using the agar disk diffusion method. Campylobacter species were isolated from 102 samples. Forty strains (35.2%) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni, 60 strains (58.8%) as Campylobacter upsaliensis and two strains (2%) as Campylobacter spp. The sampling season was a prevalence factor for C. jejuni infection, while the age of the dog was a prevalence factor for Campylobacter spp. and C. upsaliensis infection. Enteric disease was a prevalence factor for Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis infection. The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that gentamicin and erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics, with 97.8% and 88% strains sensitive to the antibiotics, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Campylobacter jejuni/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter upsaliensis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/veterinaria , Factores de Edad , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Campylobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Campylobacter jejuni/crecimiento & desarrollo , Campylobacter upsaliensis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Eritromicina/farmacología , Eritromicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Gentamicinas/farmacología , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Prevalencia , España/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Reproductive disease was investigated in Iberian pigs on an extensive farrow-to-finish farm in the southwest of Spain. Chlamydia abortus was isolated in cell culture and C. abortus-specific PCR products were detected in placental and fetal tissues. In one batch of 14 sows, the percentage of sera positive for C. abortus specific antibodies increased from 35.7% to 85.7% in the period of 2 weeks following abortion. C. abortus may play a role in abortion in extensively reared Iberian sows.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Veterinario/microbiología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Infecciones por Chlamydia/veterinaria , Chlamydia/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , Femenino , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Factores de Riesgo , PorcinosRESUMEN
Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples from 616 equids (454 horses, 80 mules and 82 donkeys) in a cross-sectional study of 420 herds in Andalusia (Southern Spain), the region with the highest number of equids in Spain. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 10.8% horses, 15.0% mules and 25.6% donkeys by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at a cut-off of 1:25. Herd seroprevalence for horses, mules and donkeys was 14.7% (48/327), 23.9% (11/46) and 34.0% (16/47), respectively, and 75 herds (17.8%) had at least one seropositive animal. Significant differences in T. gondii seroprevalence were observed among species, with donkeys having the highest seroprevalence and horses the lowest (P=0.04). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in herds with presence of domestic ruminants. This study is the first report of the presence of T. gondii antibodies in equine species in Spain and the first reporting T. gondii infection in donkeys in Europe. The presence of antibodies is indication of contact with the parasite and therefore, consumption of equine meat could be a potential source of human infection in Spain.
Asunto(s)
Equidae/parasitología , Caballos/parasitología , Toxoplasma/patogenicidad , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Pruebas de Aglutinación/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , España/epidemiología , Toxoplasma/crecimiento & desarrollo , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitologíaRESUMEN
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 through February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures and environment was filled out in each herd. A commercial indirect ELISA test was used to determine the seropositivity against BHV-1. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model was used to determine risk factors at individual level, including herd as random effect. The individual seroprevalence to BHV-1 in Ecuador was 43.2% (1023/2367; CI(95%): 41.2-45.2%). The herd prevalence was 82.1%; (284/346; CI(95%): 78.1-86.1%) and the intra-herd prevalence ranged from 12.5 to 100% (mean=64.1%). The GEE model showed that animal age (>4 years) (OR: 1.44; CI(95%): 1.18-1.75), BRSV infection (OR: 1.45; CI(95%): 1.09-1.92), altitude over the sea level (≤ 1800 m) (OR: 2.97; CI(95%): 2.1-4.22) and average slope (> 11%) (OR: 1.45; CI(95%): 1.07-1.95) are risk factors associated with BHV-1 infection, while a good cleaning of the facilities (OR: 0.66; CI(95%): 0.44-0.99) was shown to be a protective factor.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/aislamiento & purificación , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ecuador/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Two flocks of broiler chickens aged 15 to 30 days presented respiratory signs such as dyspnea and up to 25% mortality. These were the only two flocks in the farm where a bed of sunflower shells was used instead of the rice-hull bedding used in other flocks. At necropsy, severe ascites, right heart hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and extensive multifocal granulomatous pneumonia were recorded. Histopathologic examination revealed chronic multifocal mycotic granulomatous pneumonia. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified by microbiologic study from pulmonary specimens. After disinfecting the floor and changing the bedding, no clinical signs were recorded in the farm. Severe chronic granulomatous pneumonia caused by A. fumigatus in the chickens of the present study may have caused hypoxia, leading to pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and ascites.
Asunto(s)
Ascitis/veterinaria , Aspergilosis/veterinaria , Aspergillus fumigatus/aislamiento & purificación , Pollos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Agricultura , Animales , Ascitis/complicaciones , Ascitis/mortalidad , Aspergilosis/complicaciones , Aspergilosis/mortalidad , Bronquios/patología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Pisos y Cubiertas de Piso , Vivienda para Animales , Pulmón/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/mortalidad , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/mortalidad , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Infliximab has clearly demonstrated its efficacy in the short-term treatment of fistulizing Crohn's disease. We present here the results of retreatment and long-term maintenance therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty one consecutive patients with active fistulizing Crohn's disease, in whom previous treatments had failed, were treated with infliximab. All patients received as the initial treatment of 5 mg/kg i.v. infusions (weeks 0, 2, and 6). Those patients who failed to respond after the initial cycle (group 1, n = 25), or those who relapsed after having responded (group 2, n = 13), received retreatment with three similar doses (weeks 0,2, and 6). Those who responded to retreatment were included in a long-term maintenance programme (n = 44), with repeated doses (5 mg/kg i.v. infusions) every eight weeks for 1-2 years. RESULTS: In the initial treatment 56% of the patients responded partially; this response being complete in 44%. In the retreatment, 28% of group 1 (non-responders) presented a complete response, compared to 77% in group 2 (relapsers) (p < 0.0001). In the maintenance treatment, the global response was 88% (39/44). The mean number of doses per patient was 4.4 +/- 2 (range 1-9) with a duration of 36 +/- 12 weeks (range 8-72). Adverse effects were not significantly increased in either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both retreatment and long-term maintenance therapy with infliximab, are highly effective and well tolerated in fistulizing Crohn's disease patients.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Fístula Intestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Algoritmos , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Infliximab , Fístula Intestinal/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Retratamiento , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of infliximab on quality of life in a series of patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was made. A total of 25 patients with single or multiple draining abdominal or perianal fistulas were selected for the study. All received an intravenous infusion of infliximab at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight in weeks 0, 2, and 6. The clinical activity was calculated every two weeks over a 10-week follow-up. HRQOL (SF-36 and IBDQ scores) were compared at baseline and at weeks 4 and 10. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of patients had a clinical response to treatment with infliximab, with complete closure of fistulas. The mean values of CDAI decreased during follow-up, with a significant difference between weeks 0 and 10 (p < 0.01). Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as measured by means of SF-36, showed an overall improvement in the physical domain (PCS) after 4 and 10 weeks (p < 0.05). An increase was also observed in IBDQ overall score on comparing the results obtained at week 0 and week 4 (p < 0.01). The social functioning domain of IBDQ was not significantly changed with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with infliximab in active fistulizing Crohn's disease results in a significant increase in the quality of life of patients at short-term.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Fístula Intestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Infliximab , Fístula Intestinal/etiología , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In studying the post-mortem diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) a "double-blind" study was performed on 77 apparently healthy "finisher" pigs at the time of slaughter, to compare the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with those of (1) an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), (2) examination for gross proliferative lesions at slaughter, (3) histopathological study of sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), and (4) Warthin-Starry (WS) silver staining for intracellular bacteria. The IFA, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 97% (positive "likelihood ratio"=30) and an agreement of 82% with PCR, is suggested as an alternative to the PCR in the post-mortem diagnosis of PPE. Histopathological examination was shown to be of little use as a principal diagnostic method, although it appeared to be effective in diagnosing infection by Lawsonia intracellularis in cases with proliferative-type lesions (positive likelihood ratio=29.6). Finally, the values obtained from an examination of gross lesions (k=0.075; positive likelihood ratio of 1.3) and WS staining (k=0.42; positive likelihood ratio of 5.3) demonstrated the lack of validity of these tests for the diagnosis of L. intracellularis infection.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Desulfovibrionaceae/veterinaria , Enfermedades Intestinales/veterinaria , Lawsonia (Bacteria)/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Animales , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Infecciones por Desulfovibrionaceae/diagnóstico , Método Doble Ciego , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/métodos , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Íleon/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Enfermedades Intestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Intestinales/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tinción con Nitrato de Plata/métodos , Tinción con Nitrato de Plata/veterinaria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Las aleaciones de galio han incrementado su interés en los últimos años como material de reemplazo de las amalgamas de plata, debido al riesgo de polución ambiental. Gallium Alloy GGF resulta de la combinación de un polvo de aleación de alto contenido en Cu, enriquecido con Pd a una aleación ternaria Ga-In-Sn para obtener una masa en muchos aspectos similar a las amalgamas tradicionales. Muestras del polvo fueron sometidas a RFX para conocer su composición mientras que una probeta de la aleación preparada según ISO 1559:1995 fue sometida a análisis microestructural mediante SEM y EDX. Los resultaron mostraron la presencia de una aleación multifase compuesta por una matriz en la que se distinguen tres fases: una fase rica en Sn (Beta-Sn), otra rica en Ag-In (gamma--Ag9In4) y otra Cu-Ga (¿0-CuGa2 ¿). A su vez partículas originales sin reaccionar estaban rodeadas de un anillo de reacción Ga-Ag-Cu-Pd, consecuencia de la difusión de Ga al interior de las partículas (AU)