RESUMEN

The present study aims to elaborate a hydrogeological characterisation in the Water Sowing and Harvesting context. The study is focused on rural parishes in the Ecuadorian Andes that, despite their proximity to snow sources (Chimborazo glaciers), need more supply of this resource, to satisfy the demand of a population of 70,466 inhabitants. The study is based on hydrology and geomorphological analysis, a geophysical exploration, and a definition of water management strategies. The application of non-destructive geophysical methods and Geographic Information Systems support the hydrogeological study and the proposal of strategies for sustainable water management on the slopes of the Chimborazo volcano. An aquifer potential was identified (sand, gravel and fractured porphyritic andesites) with resistivity values between 51.3 and 157 Ω m at an approximate depth of 30 m from the geophysical characterisation addressed. This potential saturated zone is on the southern slope of the Chimborazo volcano within the hydrographic watershed, with favourable drainage networks for water accumulation. The aquifer shows a high-water saturation level but uncontrolled losses. As a consequence of these characteristics, alternatives for managing water resources are proposed, such as wells construction, using Water Sowing and Harvesting system methods ("camellones") based on Nature-Based Solutions, dam construction and environmental education. The different proposals are associated with the four sustainability axes of Brundtland (economic, social, environmental and cultural axis) and contribute to the sixth objective of the Sustainable Development Goal 2030 Agenda.

RESUMEN

Mineral resource exploitation is one of the activities that contribute to economic growth and the development of society. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is one of these activities. Unfortunately, there is no clear consensus to define ASM. However, its importance is relevant in that it represents, in some cases, the only employment alternative for millions of people, although it also significantly impacts the environment. This work aims to investigate the scientific information related to ASM through a bibliometric analysis and, in addition, to define the new lines that are tending to this field. The study comprises three phases of work: (i) data collection, (ii) data processing and software selection, and (iii) data interpretation. The results reflect that the study on ASM developed intensively from 2010 to the present. In general terms, the research addressed focuses on four interrelated lines: (i) social conditioning factors of ASM, (ii) environmental impacts generated by ASM, (iii) mercury contamination and its implication on health and the environment, and (iv) ASM as a livelihood. The work also defines that geotourism in artisanal mining areas is a significant trend of the last decade, explicitly focusing on the conservation and use of the geological and mining heritage and, in addition, the promotion of sustainable development of ASM.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Landslides are generated by natural causes and by human action, causing various geomorphological changes as well as physical and socioeconomic loss of the environment and human life. The study, characterization and implementation of techniques are essential to reduce land vulnerability, different socioeconomic sector susceptibility and actions to guarantee better slope stability with a significant positive impact on society. The aim of this work is the bibliometric analysis of the different types of landslides that the United States Geological Survey (USGS) emphasizes, through the SCOPUS database and the VOSviewer software version 1.6.17, for the analysis of their structure, scientific production, and the close relationship with several scientific fields and its trends. The methodology focuses on: (i) search criteria; (ii) data extraction and cleaning; (iii) generation of graphs and bibliometric mapping; and (iv) analysis of results and possible trends. The study and analysis of landslides are in a period of exponential growth, focusing mainly on techniques and solutions for the stabilization, prevention, and categorization of the most susceptible hillslope sectors. Therefore, this research field has the full collaboration of various authors and places a significant focus on the conceptual evolution of the landslide science.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente varón de 38 años de edad, agricultor, natural de Lamas, San Martín (selva peruana), quien desde hacía 8 meses presentaba diarreas, fiebre intermitente, dolor abdominal, pérdida ponderal y anemia severa. Aunque lúcido, a su ingreso el paciente exhibía mal estado general, palidez y adenopatías generalizadas de menos de 0,5 cm, hepatoesplenomegalia y matidez desplazable. La tomografía computarizada abdominal reveló hepatoesplenomegalia y múltiples adenopatías retroperitoneales, mesentéricas y otras. La biopsia de ganglio mostró células de Reed Sternberg, células mononucleares, eosinófilos y escasos linfocitos. La inmunohistoquímica ganglionar fue positiva para anticuerpos CD15 y CD30. La biopsia de hueso señaló fibrosis difusa, células mononucleares y marcada escasez de linfocitos. La hibridización in situ para EBV-virus de Epstein Barr fue positiva en las células neoplásicas.

We present the case of a 38 year-old male, farmer, born in Lamas, San Martin (Peruvian jungle), who for the past 8 months suffered of diarrhea, intermittent fever, abdominal pain, weight loss and severe anemia. On admission the patient was lucid and exhibited malaise, pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy (size less than 0.5 cm) hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal displaceable dullness. Abdominal computed tomography showed hepatosplenomegaly and retroperitoneal, mesenteric and other adenopathies. Node biopsy revealed Reed-Sternberg cells, mononuclear cells, eosinophiles and scarce lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical node staining was positive for CD15 and CD30 antibodies. Bone biopsy showed diffuse fibrosis, mononuclear cells and scarcity of lymphocytes. In situ hybridization for EBV Epstein Barr virus was positive in neoplastic cells.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A case of a 38 year-old male patient, from Lima, with a three-year period illness, characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, ponderal weight loss and fever is showed. He is examined by colonoscopy, with endoscopic diagnosis of colon cancer and undergoes surgery. The histopathological diagnosis was severe acute and chronic ulcerative ileocolitis, suggesting Crohn disease. A month later he again showed abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever, so a new colonoscopy is performed revealing multiple ileum ulcers and in the anastomotic area. The biopsy revealed an acute and chronic inflammatory process. The colon radiography showed a filling defect and irregularity in the cecum, and the upper endoscopy revealed esophageal ulcers. In addition, a number of analyses were carried out, such as: coproculture, HIV, and VK on sputum and feces, as well as CEA dosage, resulting all of them negative. The thorax radiography was also normal.He was diagnosed with Crohn's disease and was treated with mesalacin. Evolution was fast, showing weight gain, which allowed the discharge of the patient from the hospital seven (7) days later. The anatomical pathology never did confirm the final diagnosis, which brings us to the question:Are the granulomas always necessary for the final diagnosis of Crohn's disease?

Asunto(s)