RESUMEN
The hydrodynamic cavitation comes out as a promising route to lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment releasing huge amounts of energy and inducing physical and chemical transformations, which favor lignin-carbohydrate matrix disruption. The hydrodynamic cavitation process combined with other pretreatment processes has shown an attractive alternative with high pretreatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy setup for large-scale applications compared to conventional pretreatment methods. This present review includes an overview of this promising technology and a detailed discussion on the process of parameters that affect the phenomena and future perspectives of development of this area.
RESUMEN
Biotechnological conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals requires hydrolysis of the polysaccharide fraction into monomeric sugars. Hydrolysis can be performed enzymatically and with dilute or concentrate mineral acids. The present study used dilute sulfuric acid as a catalyst for hydrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis residue. The purpose of this paper was to optimize the hydrolysis process in a 1.4 l pilot-scale reactor and investigate the effects of the acid concentration, temperature and residue/acid solution ratio on the hemicellulose removal and consequently on the production of sugars (xylose, glucose and arabinose) as well as on the formation of by-products (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid). This study was based on a model composition corresponding to a 2(3) orthogonal factorial design and employed the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the hydrolysis conditions, aiming to attain maximum xylose extraction from hemicellulose of residue. The considered optimum conditions were: H(2)SO(4) concentration of 0.65%, temperature of 157 degrees C and residue/acid solution ratio of 1/8.6 with a reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, 79.6% of the total xylose was removed and the hydrolysate contained 1.65 g/l glucose, 13.65 g/l xylose, 1.55 g/l arabinose, 3.10 g/l acetic acid, 1.23 g/l furfural and 0.20 g/l 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Asunto(s)
Eucalyptus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Reactores Biológicos , Carbohidratos/química , Hidrólisis , Corteza de la Planta , Hojas de la Planta/química , Brotes de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Cavacos de eucalipto foram submetidos à hidrólise ácida resultando em um hidrolisado hemicelulósico rico em acúcares fermentescíveis. O hidrolisado foi usado como meio de cultivo para o crescimento da levedura Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 para avaliar a influência da suplementação do mesmo com os nutrientes sulfato de amônio, cloreto de cálcio e farelo de arroz, bem como a concentração de xilose no hidrolisado, o pH e o tempo de fermentação na produção de xilitol. A formação de xilitol a partir do hidrolisado hemicelulósico de cavacos de eucalipto foi influenciada pela presença de sulfato de amônio e farelo de arroz, pela concentração de xilose no hidrolisado e pH inicial de fermentação...