RESUMEN
Coccidian parasites were detected in an Alpine population of the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), and 55-82% of the fecal samples collected during a two-year study (2000 and 2002) contained one or two eimerian species. We report the presence of Eimeria myoxi and confirm for the first time the presence of Eimeria melanuri in the garden dormouse. These Eimeria species can be considered common parasites of the garden dormouse and the Asian garden dormouse. The high prevalence might be due to group hibernation by the dormice.
Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Eimeria/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Myoxidae/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Animales , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Oocistos/aislamiento & purificación , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Enfermedades de los Roedores/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Marketable smooth venus clams Callista chione from natural banks of Chioggia (Venice) and Goro (Ferrara), North-Western Adriatic Sea (Italy), were examined for protozoan parasites from November 1996 to November 1998. Out of the 375 bivalves examined, 149 (39.7%) were infected by Nematopsis sp. and 325 (86.7%) by Porospora sp. Oocysts of Nematopsis sp. were present with a prevalence that varied from 100% in November 1996 to 5% in June 1998; cystic and naked sporozoites of Porospora sp. were very common, with a prevalence of 100%. Out of the 229 bivalves examined between January and November 1998, 63 (27.5%) were also infected by Perkinsus sp.; the prevalence of Perkinsus sp. varied from 9.1% in January to 50% in February. To our knowledge this is the first report of Porospora sp. and Perkinsus sp. in C. chione.
Asunto(s)
Bivalvos/parasitología , Eucariontes/fisiología , Animales , Branquias/parasitología , Italia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The authors have conducted a histologic study of over 90 cases of Dirofilaria infection in man due to Dirofilaria repens, the most extensive study of its kind in the world. On the basis of their findings, they illustrate the diagnostic difficulties that may arise when regressive phenomena render the parasite's morphologic characteristics largely or completely unrecognizable. These phenomena are due to the death of the filaria inside the inflammatory nodule weeks or months prior to surgical removal, and to the consequent invasion of inflammatory cells. They start at the nematode's natural orifices (mouth, vulva, anus, cloaca) and gradually spread throughout its body. In cases of difficult diagnosis, therefore, it is recommended that the nodule be sectioned at different points comprising caudal, cephalic and middle body aspects, so as to reveal the few morphologic features that are still recognizable and which may afford a correct diagnosis. The authors present examples of histologic sections in color plates in which the nematode was in an excellent state of preservation and others illustrating the full range of regressive phenomena, from slight to total disintegration of the bodily structure.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilariasis/patología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Animales , Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Enfermedades Pulmonares Parasitarias/parasitología , Masculino , Músculos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Marketable mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis traded with commercial certification from production sites in Italy and abroad (France, Spain) were examined for the presence of Mytilicola intestinalis (Copepoda: Mytilicolidae) and Urastoma cyprinae (Turbellaria: Hypotrichinidae) from October 1994 to February 1996. The prevalence of M. intestinalis was 4.1% and 4.7% respectively in mussels from Lerici (La Spezia) and S. Pietro in Volta (Venice), whereas it rose to 57.9% in the samples from Spain. M. intestinalis was absent in mussels from Chioggia (Venice), Ganzirri (Messina), Taranto, Trieste and France. The prevalence of U. cyprinae varied considerably, ranging from 0.3% in mussels from Trani (Bari) to 33.2% and 86.3% respectively in those from Chioggia and Trieste. It was 85.7% in samples from France and 63.7% in those from Spain.
Asunto(s)
Bivalvos/parasitología , Crustáceos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Parasitología de Alimentos , Alimentos Marinos/parasitología , Turbelarios/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Crustáceos/ultraestructura , Femenino , Italia , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Prevalencia , Turbelarios/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Some authors divide the genus Dirofilaria into two subgenera. The subgenus Dirofilaria consists of 5 apparently valid species (D. ailure, D. freitasi, D. immitis, D. lutrae, D. spectans) and 7 species of questionable validity (D. fausti, D. indica, D. louisianensis, D. magalhaesi, D. nasuae, D. pongoi, D. spirocauda). The subgenus Nochtiella consists of 22 apparently valid species (D. acutiuscula, D. bonnei, D. cancrivori, D. corynodes, D. genettae, D. granulosa, D. incrassata, D. linstowi, D. macacae, D. macrodemos, D. magnilarvatum, D. minor, D. pagumae, D. panamensis, D. repens, D. sachsi, D. striata, D. subdermata, D. sudanensis, D. tawila, D. tenuis, D. ursi) and 8 species of questionable validity (D. aethiops, D. andersoni, D. conjunctivae, D. desportesi, D. hystrix, D. schoutedeni, D. spinosa, D. subcutanea). Actually, 10 species of the genus Dirofilaria (D. asymmetrica, D. digitala, D. kuelzii, D. ochmanni, D. pauliani, D. roemeri, D. scapiceps, D. timidi, D. uniformis, D. websteri) are attributed to other genus.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria/clasificación , Animales , Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Dirofilaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A superficial analysis of Greek reports of human cases of dirofilariasis indicated that this zoonosis is rare in Greece. However, a more detailed review of the international literature revealed several more cases, diagnosed and recorded in other countries following infection during holidays in Greece. Overall, at least 20 individuals are now known to have been infected in Greece, in all regions of the country. A new, subcutaneous case of dirofilariasis is described; the infection occurred in a 45-year-old male living in Piraeus (Athens), and was localized in the abdominal wall. Histology revealed a female Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in the reactive nodule.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Animales , Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Dirofilariasis/patología , Grecia/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ViajeRESUMEN
For some Dirofilaria spp. of zoonotic importance, such as D.immitis, D.tenuis, D.ursi, reviews of human cases were often published. For D. repens there is no published information giving a picture of the importance of the problem and of the geographical distribution of the parasite in the world. From a study of the international literature and from direct experience (our workgroup observed 75 cases in Italy) we have ascertained that the condition associated with D. repens is the most frequent and the most widely distributed in the world, of the dirofilariases of medical relevance: comprehensively 397 cases were recorded in 30 countries, exclusively in the Old World, with endemic foci in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Central Asia and Sri Lanka. Apparently, the most affected country is Italy with a total of 168 cases. The most common localisations are the subcutaneous (normally nodular) and the submucosal (nodular or not). The most affected areas are the head, the thoracic wall and the upper limbs. However, 15 cases with internal localisations are recorded (9 of them being pulmonary) which were always diagnosed erroneously as malignant neoplasiae. Clinical diagnosis for the other localisations was also generally wrong with the exception of the subconjunctival cases, where because of the transparency of the bulbar conjunctiva, it is possible to see the parasite directly. The correct diagnosis is usually histological, based on the identification of the nematode using the morphological characters of the species to differentiate it from the other dirofilariae or other erratic nematodes. It is possible that the zoonosis in man is more frequent than shown by the literature: many cases are not diagnosed, viz. not published, others recover spontaneously without medical intervention.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Animales Salvajes/parasitología , Asia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/transmisión , Gatos , Culicidae , Dirofilaria/clasificación , Dirofilaria/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilaria/ultraestructura , Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/patología , Dirofilariasis/transmisión , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , Perros , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ZoonosisRESUMEN
From a 31 year old man, resident in Monfalcone (Venezia Giulia) a nodule in the right temporal region was surgically removed in January 1992 containing a filiform living nematode. On the basis of the morphological characters, the nematode proved to be Dirofilaria sp. subgenus Nochtiella but the exact species was not possible to define. The medical history indicated that the patient had spent the last summer in Florida.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilariasis , Adulto , Animales , Dirofilaria/clasificación , Dirofilaria/ultraestructura , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Florida , Humanos , Italia/etnología , Masculino , Músculos Masticadores/parasitología , Especificidad de la Especie , ViajeRESUMEN
Eight new cases of Human Dirofilariasis in people living in Northern Italy were recorded: 3 from the province of Asti and 2 from Alessandria (Piedmont), 1 from Corsico (Miland, Lombardy) and 2 from Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna). All the patients were adults, 42 to 66 years old, 4 men and 4 women. The localization of the nematode in all the cases was subcutaneous. Signs and symptoms were always mild and consisted in the growth of a 1 to 2 cm large nodule associated with occasional localized itching and oedema, sometimes with reddening. In one case, the sting of a non-specified winged insect was recorded in the anamnesis, in the same spot where the nodule developed. In another case, the nematode came out spontaneously from the lesion. The aetiological agent was always identified as Dirofilaria repens. These 8 new cases confirm the comparatively frequent presence of Human Dirofilariasis in regions of Northern Italy, namely in the Po Valley.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Culicidae/parasitología , Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Dirofilaria/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilariasis/diagnóstico , Dirofilariasis/patología , Dirofilariasis/transmisión , Femenino , Humanos , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/parasitología , Insectos Vectores/parasitología , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/parasitología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/transmisiónRESUMEN
Calabar swellings appearing on the head during 2 months in a 53 year old man, living in Casale Monferrato (Piedmont), were followed by the formation of a nodule 2 x 1 cm wide, in the upper lip. A mobile filiform, 12 cm long, nematode was recovered from the excised nodule. It was diagnosed as Dirofilaria repens. The region where the case occurred, is to be considered as one of the most affected areas by this parasitic zoonosis in Europe.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Labio/parasitología , Dirofilariasis/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Anguilas/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Peces/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Italia/epidemiología , Levamisol/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Infecciones por Nematodos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Nematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Prevalencia , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
Since 1971, at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, 30 cases of human dirofilariasis were observed out of the 101 cases reported in Italy. The causative agent was identified in nearly all the cases as Dirofilaria repens (Nematoda, Filarioidea) a parasite relatively common in the dog in Italy. 23 cases were localized in the subcutaneous tissue, 4 in the submucosa and 3 in the lungs. In the majority of the cases the diagnosis had been misinterpreted, the lesions being first seen as malignant or benign tumours or foreign-body granuloma. The parasite was histologically recognized. In 3 cases the parasite could be extracted intact from the nodule. The authors believe that human dirofilariasis is more frequent than reported by the relevant scientific literature in that many cases are likely to recover spontaneously while others would remain undetected.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Dirofilariasis/patología , Humanos , Italia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
One case of human palpebral dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria repens, in Abruzzo, is described. It is the first case reported in this region. The parasite was released following the energetic rubbing of the palpebral area, with the result in the spontaneous recovery of the patient.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria/aislamiento & purificación , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Párpados/parasitología , Anciano , Animales , Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Masculino , Remisión EspontáneaRESUMEN
The presence of E. gregorii, a species recently identified by Hugot in France in man, is signaled by the authors in Italy and in the Central African Republic. The diagnosis was based on the differential morphological characters reported by Hugot and Tourte-Schaefer in 1985.
Asunto(s)
Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Oxiuriasis/epidemiología , República Centroafricana , Niño , Preescolar , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , MasculinoRESUMEN
Human palpebral dirofilariasis: a case in Sardinia. One case of human palpebral dirofilariasis, in Sardinia, is described. The nematode, Dirofilaria repens, during its permanence in the host caused local signs of an allergic type and migrated in the subcutaneous tissues from the left lower eyelid to the neck, the axillary region, the abdominal wall, reappearing in the right lower eyelid, from where it was removed.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria/anatomía & histología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Párpados/parasitología , Filarioidea/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , ItaliaAsunto(s)
Dirofilariasis/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A case of cryptosporidiosis in a male homosexual man with AIDS is reported. The clinical manifestations were anorexia, mild fever, abdominal pain and profuse watery diarrhea. The diagnosis was made in fecal smears by using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method and a safranin-methylene blue staining technique.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Criptosporidiosis/complicaciones , Adulto , Animales , Criptosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The presence of Cryptosporidium sp. and Isospora suis is reported for the first time in piglets in Italy, in the province of Mantova: the first one has been found in 1 and the second one in 39 out of 200 litters. Two piglets, respectively 20-day-old and 24-day-old, were experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts from naturally infected calves, without clinical signs.