RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Smartphone applications offer an accessible and practical option to measure neck range of motion (ROM) and are becoming more commonly used in clinical practice. We assessed the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of smartphone applications (apps) to measure neck ROM in people with and without neck pain. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search strategy of the main electronic databases was conducted from inception until June 2021. The identified studies investigated apps which measured neck ROM, and evaluated their validity, reliability, or responsiveness, in adult participants with neck pain or asymptomatic individuals. Two independent reviewers determined eligibility and risk of bias following COSMIN guidelines. The quality of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eleven studies, with a total of 376 participants were included. Three types of apps were identified: clinometer apps, compass apps, and other apps of 'adequate' to 'doubtful' risk of bias. A meta-analysis revealed 'good' to 'excellent' intra-rater and inter-rater reliability across the three types of apps. The overall validity was rated from 'moderate' to 'very high' across all apps. The level of evidence was rated as 'low' to 'very low'. CONCLUSION: Smartphone applications showed sufficient intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, and validity to measure neck ROM in people with and without neck pain. However, the quality of evidence and the confidence in the findings are low. High-quality research with large sample sizes is needed to further provide evidence to support the measurement properties of smartphone applications for the assessment of neck ROM. STUDY REGISTRATION: Following indications of Prisma-P guidelines, this protocol was registered in PROSPERO on 1/05/2021 with the number CRD42021239501.
Asunto(s)
Aplicaciones Móviles , Teléfono Inteligente , Adulto , Humanos , Cuello , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
A new species of ichneumon wasp, Megarhyssa gratiosa sp. nov., is described from Chiapas province in the tropical part of Mexico. This is a southern most record of the genus in the New World. The new species is one of the largest and most spectacular ichneumonid species in the Mexican fauna. Megarhyssa gratiosa sp. nov. differs from its North American congeners primarily by the conspicuous colour pattern of the metasoma which is yellow with broad dorsal black stripe extending along its entire length, and the longer ovipositor. A key to three Mexican species of Megarhyssa is also provided.
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Avispas/anatomía & histología , Avispas/clasificación , Animales , Femenino , México , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A sample of 1365 elders of both sexes from rural and urban populations was studied. Thirty four percent of the subjects were older that 80 years. 21.6% lived alone, 25% were illiterate and 50% did not finish elementary school. Mental impairment was found in 5.6% and body mass index was normal in 41.4% of subjects. Eighty seven percent did not smoke and 80% were teetotalers. Medical services were requested at least every one year by 15.4% and twice a year by 11.9% of subjects. These numbers will help to design preventive and interventional policies directed to this segment of the population.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Estado Nutricional , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Chile , Factores Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , FumarRESUMEN
Estudios postnatales han determinado que la variación de forma y de tamaño de las extremidades inferiores en nuestras poblaciones es una fuente determinante de las diferencias de estatura con poblaciones de otro origen étnico. Sin embargo, hay muy pocos datos sobre el crecimiento intrauterino y éstos están principalmente basados en mediciones ecográficas y evaluaciones según peso de nacimiento. Se determinaron en 55 embriones y fetos humanos de entre 6 y 40 semanas de gestación, las características del crecimiento estatural. Se calculó la edad y se obtuvieron las longitudes cráneo-glútea (LCG), Cráneo-calcánea (LCC), de fémur (LF), de tibia (LT), ancho de caderas (AC) y peso corporal. Estos estudios, aunque preliminares por el número de fetos estudiados, muestran que la forma corporal presenta una tendencia a mantenerse estable en sus proporciones en el transcurso del desarrollo intrauterino, con una disminución del ancho de caderas respecto de las variables longitudinales. La relación tronco-estatura indica una longitud menor de las extremidades inferiores, similares a las encontradas en etapas postnatales