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Infecciones Neumocócicas , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Región del Caribe , Humanos , América Latina , Serogrupo , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection is rapidly increasing worldwide, but prevalence is difficult to estimate in developing countries where awareness, diagnostic resources, and surveillance protocols are limited. As diarrhea is the hallmark symptom, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and incidence of C. difficile infection in patients in these regions who presented with diarrhea. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases to identify and analyze data from recent studies providing prevalence or incidence rates of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in developing countries within four regions: Africa-Middle East, developing Asia, Latin America, and China. Our objectives were to determine the current prevalence and incidence density rates of first episodes of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in developing countries. RESULTS: Within the regions included in our analysis, prevalence of C. difficile infection in patients with diarrhea was 15% (95% CI 13-17%) (including community and hospitalized patients), with no significant difference across regions. The incidence of C. difficile infection in 17 studies including this information was 8.5 per 10,000 patient-days (95% CI 5.83-12.46). Prevalence was significantly higher in hospitalized patients versus community patients (p = 0.0227). CONCLUSION: Our prevalence estimate of 15% is concerning; however, low awareness and inconsistent diagnostic and surveillance protocols suggest this is markedly underestimated. Enhanced awareness and management of C. difficile infection in patients with diarrhea, along with improvements in infection control and surveillance practices, should be implemented to reduce prevalence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in developing countries. FUNDING: Pfizer Inc.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Brazil, the first Latin American country to introduce the group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (included in the vaccination schedule in 2010). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, covering the years 2005-2017, to identify epidemiological information on IMD and Neisseria meningitidis carriers in Brazil. Documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and two public databases were analyzed to determine annual incidence rates, absolute numbers of diagnosed cases, serogroups identified, the relative distribution of cases per serogroup, and the case fatality rate (CFR). RESULTS: Sixteen studies were selected. The incidence rate ranged from 0.88 to 5.3 cases per 100000 inhabitants per year. According to secondary data, the annual incidence of IMD in 2015 was highest in males <1year old (7.1/100000). The number of diagnosed cases declined significantly over the years. In the literature, IMD showed a CFR from 20.0% to 50.0%, and a higher CFR for serogroup W (17.8%). Secondary data showed an absolute reduction in meningitis-attributable deaths between 2007 and 2015; however, the CFR remained stable (11.1% in 2007 and 8.4% in 2015). In 2015, serogroup W showed the highest CFR (24.1%), followed by serogroups C (19.2%), B (17.7%), and Y (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a reduction in cases, the CFR remained stable and similar in the different age groups, even for disease caused by different serogroups. The highest CFR was found to be associated with serogroup W.
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Infecciones Meningocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Brasil/epidemiología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Incidencia , Vacunas Meningococicas/uso terapéutico , Neisseria meningitidis/aislamiento & purificación , SerogrupoAsunto(s)
Vacunas Neumococicas , Vacunas Conjugadas , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Perú , Infecciones Neumocócicas , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens associated with severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised infants. From January 2009 through September 2010, two cases of neonatal infections associated with Cronobacter malonaticus and one case associated with Cronobacter sakazakii, two of them fatal, were reported in the same hospital. These are the first clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in Argentina. The objective of this work was to characterize and subtype clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in neonate patients, as well as to establish the genetic relationship between these isolates and the foodborne isolates previously identified in the country. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed a genetic relationship between the C. malonaticus isolates from two patients. Different results were found when the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of clinical isolates were compared with those deposited in the National Database of Cronobacter spp.
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Cronobacter sakazakii/clasificación , Cronobacter sakazakii/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens associated with severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised infants. From January 2009 through September 2010, two cases of neonatal infections associated with Cronobacter malonaticus and one case associated with Cronobacter sakazakii, two of them fatal, were reported in the same hospital. These are the first clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in Argentina. The objective of this work was to characterize and subtype clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in neonate patients, as well as to establish the genetic relationship between these isolates and the foodborne isolates previously identified in the country. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed a genetic relationship between the C. malonaticus isolates from two patients. Different results were found when the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of clinical isolates were compared with those deposited in the National Database of Cronobacter spp.
Asunto(s)
Cronobacter sakazakii/clasificación , Cronobacter sakazakii/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Técnicas de Tipificación BacterianaRESUMEN
Introducción. En la Argentina, la pandemia de Influenza A pH1N1 de 2009 provocó cerca de 10 000 casos confirmados con alto impacto en pediatría. Objetivos. Describir las características clínico epidemiológicas y analizar los factores de riesgo de letalidad en niños hospitalizados con infección confirmada por pH1N1. Población y métodos. Se identificaron todas las fichas de casos sospechosos (según Ministerio de Salud) internados en 34 centros y se incluyeron todos los casos confirmados de 0-18 años desde el 1/4/09 al 31/8/09 en un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. El diagnóstico viral se confirmó por método RT-PCR. Los datos se expresaron en porcentajes, media, mediana, desvío estándar e intervalo intercuartilo (IIC) según correspondiera; y como medida de asociación, Riesgo Relativo (RR), con Intervalo de Confianza 95% (IC95%). Se realizó regresión logística múltiple para determinar los predictores independientes. Resultados. Número total de casos sospechosos: 2367; se realizó PCR al 47,8% (n: 1131) siendo positivos para pH1N1 65,5% (n: 741/1131); 57,2% varones; 61,5% <24 meses, mediana de edad: 14 meses (IIC 6-46 meses); 45,1% con enfermedad subyacente; formas clínicas de presentación más frecuentes: neumonía 39,7% y bronquiolitis 25,8%; letalidad: 5,9% (44/741). Factores de riesgo de letalidad [RR (IC95%)]: enfermedad neurológica [5,00 (2,84-8,81)], enfermedad genética [3,67 (1,58-8,52)], desnutrición [3,07 (1,46-6,48)] y prematurez [2,28 (1,14-4,56)]. Predictor independiente de letalidad: enfermedad neurológica [3,84 (1,81-8,14)]. No se observó asociación significativa entre edad, enfermedad respiratoria crónica, inmunosupresión y coinfección viral con la letalidad. Conclusiones. Casi la mitad de los niños con infección por pH1N1 tenía enfermedad subyacente; la enfermedad neurológica fue un predictor independiente de letalidad.
Introduction. In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. Objectives. To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infection pH1N1 confirmed by PCR Population and methods. We identified all suspected cases (according to Ministry of health) in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expres sed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. Results. Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) being positive for pH1N1 65.5% (n: 741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months (IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor: neurological disease [3.84(1.81-8.14)]. No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed. Conclusions. Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
RESUMEN
Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens associated with severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised infants. From January 2009 through September 2010, two cases of neonatal infections associated with Cronobacter malonaticus and one case associated with Cronobacter sakazakii, two of them fatal, were reported in the same hospital. These are the first clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in Argentina. The objective of this work was to characterize and subtype clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. in neonate patients, as well as to establish the genetic relationship between these isolates and the foodborne isolates previously identified in the country. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed a genetic relationship between the C. malonaticus isolates from two patients. Different results were found when the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of clinical isolates were compared with those deposited in the National Database of Cronobacter spp.
Asunto(s)
Cronobacter sakazakii/clasificación , Cronobacter sakazakii/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , MasculinoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infection pH1N1 confirmed by PCR. POPULATION AND METHODS: We identifed all suspected cases (according to Ministry of health) in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expressed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. RESULTS: Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) being positive for pH1N1 65.5% (n: 741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months (IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor: neurological disease [3.84 (1.81-8.14)]. No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
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Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Pandemias , Adolescente , Argentina , Niño , Niño Hospitalizado , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Gripe Humana/mortalidad , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introducción. En la Argentina, la pandemia de InfluenzaA pH1N1 de 2009 provocó cerca de 10 000 casos confirmados con alto impacto en pediatría. Objetivos. Describir las características clínico epidemiológicas y analizar los factores de riesgo de letalidad en niños hospitalizados con infección confirmada por pH1N1.Población y métodos. Se identificaron todas las fichas de casos sospechosos (según Ministerio de Salud) internados en 34 centros y se incluyeron todos los casos confirmados de 0-18 años desde el 1/4/09 al 31/8/09 en un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. El diagnóstico viral se confirmó por método RT-PCR. Los datos se expresaron en porcentajes, media, mediana, desvío estándare intervalo intercuartilo (IIC) según correspondiera; y como medida de asociación, Riesgo Relativo (RR), con Intervalo de Confianza 95 por ciento(IC95 por ciento). Se realizó regresión logística múltiple para determinar los predictores independientes. Resultados. Número total de casos sospechosos: 2367; se realizó PCR al 47,8 por ciento (n: 1131) siendo positivos para pH1N1 65,5 por ciento (n: 741/1131); 57,2 por cientovarones; 61,5 por ciento <24 meses, mediana de edad: 14 meses (IIC 6-46 meses); 45,1 por ciento con enfermedad subyacente; formas clínicas de presentación más frecuentes: neumonía 39,7 por ciento y bronquiolitis 25,8 por ciento; letalidad: 5,9 por ciento (44/741).Factores de riesgo de letalidad [RR (IC95 por ciento)]: enfermedad neurológica [5,00 (2,84-8,81)], enfermedad genética [3,67 (1,58-8,52)], desnutrición [3,07 (1,46-6,48)] y prematurez [2,28 (1,14-4,56)]. Predictor independiente de letalidad: enfermedad neurológica [3,84 (1,81-8,14)]. No se observó asociación significativa entre edad,enfermedad respiratoria crónica, inmunosupresión y coinfección viral con la letalidad. Conclusiones. Casi la mitad de los niños con infección por pH1N1 tenía enfermedad subyacente; la enfermedad neurológica fue un predictor independiente de letalidad.
Introduction. In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. Objectives. To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infectionpH1N1 confirmed by PCR Population and methods. We identified all suspectedcases (according to Ministry of health)in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expressed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. Results. Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) beingpositive for pH1N1 65.5% (n:741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months(IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor:neurological disease [3.84 (1.81-8.14)].No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed.Conclusions. Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Epidemiología , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Enfermedades Respiratorias , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the program for universal vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Uruguay. METHODS: A Markov model was developed that simulated a cohort of 48 000 children born in 2007 and their progress to age 76. The baseline case used a regimen of three doses with estimated protection for five years. The presumption of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness was based on studies conducted in the United States with adjustment for serotype prevalence-incidence in Uruguay. The results were expressed as the incremental cost per life year gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) [gained]. RESULTS: For the baseline case, the incremental cost was US $7334.60 for each LYG and US $4655.80 for each QALY. Eight deaths and 4 882 cases of otitis, 56 cases of bacteremia-sepsis, 429 cases of pneumonia, and 7 cases of meningitis were prevented. The model shows sensitivity to variations in vaccine cost, efficacy, and pneumonia-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The universal vaccination program with PCV7 in Uruguay is highly cost-effective. Therefore, it is recommended for other countries with burden of pneumococcal disease and serotype coverage similar to those of Uruguay.
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Vacunas Neumococicas/economía , Vacunación/economía , Bacteriemia/mortalidad , Bacteriemia/prevención & control , Simulación por Computador , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Empiema/mortalidad , Empiema/prevención & control , Gastos en Salud , Vacuna Neumocócica Conjugada Heptavalente , Humanos , Incidencia , Cadenas de Markov , Modelos Teóricos , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Otitis Media/prevención & control , Infecciones Neumocócicas/economía , Infecciones Neumocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & control , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Sepsis/mortalidad , Sepsis/prevención & control , Uruguay , Vacunas Conjugadas/economíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación costo-efectividad del programa de vacunación universal con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente (VCN7) en niños menores de 5 años en Uruguay. MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un modelo Markov simulando una cohorte de 48 000 niños nacidos en 2007 y su evolución hasta los 76 años de edad. El caso base usó un esquema de tres dosis con una duración estimada de protección de cinco años. La presunción de eficacia y efectividad de la vacuna se realizó acorde con estudios realizados en Estados Unidos con ajuste a la prevalencia-incidencia de serotipos en Uruguay. Los resultados se expresaron como costo incremental por año de vida ganado (AVG) y por año de vida [ganado] ajustado por calidad (AVAC). RESULTADOS: Para el caso base, el costo incremental fue de US$ 7 334,6 por AVG y US$ 4 655,8 por AVAC, previniéndose 8 muertes y 4 882 casos de otitis, 56 bacteriemias-sepsis, 429 neumonías y 7 meningitis. El modelo muestra sensibilidad a variaciones en eficacia, costo de la vacuna y tasa de mortalidad por neumonía. CONCLUSIONES: El programa de vacunación universal con VCN7 en Uruguay es altamente costo-efectivo y, en consecuencia, recomendable para otros países con carga de enfermedad neumocócica y cobertura de serotipos similares a Uruguay.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the program for universal vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Uruguay. METHODS: A Markov model was developed that simulated a cohort of 48 000 children born in 2007 and their progress to age 76. The baseline case used a regimen of three doses with estimated protection for five years. The presumption of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness was based on studies conducted in the United States with adjustment for serotype prevalence-incidence in Uruguay. The results were expressed as the incremental cost per life year gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) [gained]. RESULTS: For the baseline case, the incremental cost was US $7334.60 for each LYG and US $4655.80 for each QALY. Eight deaths and 4 882 cases of otitis, 56 cases of bacteremia-sepsis, 429 cases of pneumonia, and 7 cases of meningitis were prevented. The model shows sensitivity to variations in vaccine cost, efficacy, and pneumonia-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The universal vaccination program with PCV7 in Uruguay is highly cost-effective. Therefore, it is recommended for other countries with burden of pneumococcal disease and serotype coverage similar to those of Uruguay.
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Humanos , Vacunas Neumococicas/economía , Vacunación/economía , Bacteriemia/mortalidad , Bacteriemia/prevención & control , Simulación por Computador , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Empiema/mortalidad , Empiema/prevención & control , Gastos en Salud , Incidencia , Cadenas de Markov , Modelos Teóricos , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Otitis Media/prevención & control , Infecciones Neumocócicas/economía , Infecciones Neumocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & control , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Sepsis/mortalidad , Sepsis/prevención & control , Uruguay , Vacunas Conjugadas/economíaAsunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Viral/genética , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Gripe Humana/virología , Oseltamivir/farmacología , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Argentina , Quimioprevención , Preescolar , Humanos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/enzimología , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Masculino , Mutación , Neuraminidasa/genética , Oseltamivir/administración & dosificación , Oseltamivir/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Due to the region's own conditions, universal vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate heptavalent vaccine (PCV-7) in Latin American countries is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare projected economic costs and health benefits associated with pneumococcal conjugate heptavalent vaccine as a routine immunization in healthy children in Argentina. DESIGN: A decision analytic model of Markov simulated lifetime evolution of a birth cohort (n 696,451) was developed and compared costs and health benefits of pneumococcal disease in the presence and absence of vaccination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per life year (LY) gained, reduce in diseases burden and costs of vaccination. RESULTS: From the society's perspective, the incremental cost per LY gained was US$ 5599.42 and the purchase of the 4 doses of vaccine for the entire cohort with a cost of US$ 26.5 dose requires an investment of US$ 73,823,806.00. The model estimated that vaccination reduce the number of death by 159 cases of meningitis, 756 cases of bacteriemias 4594 cases of pneumonias about 84,769 cases of otitis media and 20 meningitis sequelae. The value of the cost per LY gained was considerably modified by the variation in the cost of the vaccine dose, efficacy/effectiveness of the vaccine for pneumonia the mortality from pneumonia and herd immunity. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis predicted that routine vaccination of healthy infants <2 years could prevent an important number of pneumococcal infectious and reduce related mortality and morbidity. This strategic could be highly cost-effective in Argentina.
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Infecciones Neumocócicas/economía , Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Vacunas Neumococicas/economía , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Vacunación/economía , Argentina/epidemiología , Preescolar , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Vacuna Neumocócica Conjugada Heptavalente , Humanos , Lactante , Modelos Estadísticos , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & controlAsunto(s)
Streptococcus pneumoniae , Bacteriemia , Economía y Organizaciones para la Atención de la Salud , Empiema , Economía Farmacéutica , Otitis , Salud Infantil , Vacunación Masiva , Uruguay , Bacteriemia , Empiema , Economía Farmacéutica , Salud Infantil , Vacunación Masiva , Vacunas Neumococicas , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Cadenas de Markov , Modelos Teóricos , Otitis Media , Sepsis , Uruguay , Economía y Organizaciones para la Atención de la Salud , Vacunas Neumococicas , Vacunación , Simulación por Computador , Gastos en Salud , Incidencia , Infecciones Neumocócicas , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Vacunas ConjugadasRESUMEN
Tigecycline is the first of a new class of antibiotics named glycylcyclines and it was approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated skin and skin structure infections. Notwithstanding this, tigecycline's pharmacological and microbiological profile which includes multidrug-resistant pathogens encourages physicians' use of the drug in other infections. We analyzed, during the first months after its launch, the tigecycline prescriptions for 113 patients in 12 institutions. Twenty-five patients (22%) received tigecycline for approved indications, and 88 (78%) for "off label" indications (56% with scientific support and 22% with limited or without any scientific support). The most frequent "off label" use was ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (63 patients). The etiology of infections was established in 105 patients (93%). MDR-Acinetobacter spp. was the microorganism most frequently isolated (50% of the cases). Overall, attending physicians reported clinical success in 86 of the 113 patients (76%). Our study shows that the "off label" use of tigecycline is frequent, especially in VAP. due to MDR-Acinetobacter spp., where the therapeutic options are limited (eg: colistin). Physicians must evaluate the benefits/risks of using this antibiotic for indications that lack rigorous scientific support.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Cavidad Abdominal/microbiología , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Etiquetado de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minociclina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Tigeciclina , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Tigecycline is the first of a new class of antibiotics named glycylcyclines and it was approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated skin and skin structure infections. Notwithstanding this, tigecycline's pharmacological and microbiological profile which includes multidrug-resistant pathogens encourages physicians' use of the drug in other infections. We analyzed, during the first months after its launch, the tigecycline prescriptions for 113 patients in 12 institutions. Twenty-five patients (22 percent) received tigecycline for approved indications, and 88 (78 percent) for "off label" indications (56 percent with scientific support and 22 percent with limited or without any scientific support). The most frequent "off label" use was ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (63 patients). The etiology of infections was established in 105 patients (93 percent). MDR-Acinetobacter spp. was the microorganism most frequently isolated (50 percent of the cases). Overall, attending physicians reported clinical success in 86 of the 113 patients (76 percent). Our study shows that the "off label" use of tigecycline is frequent, especially in VAP. due to MDR-Acinetobacter spp., where the therapeutic options are limited (eg: colistin). Physicians must evaluate the benefits/risks of using this antibiotic for indications that lack rigorous scientific support.