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Advances in information and communications technologies provide a new opportunity to improve the access to healthcare in remote rural areas (RA) where there is a lack of infrastructure and medical experts. This paper implements a new model for tele-ultrasound (US) based on volumetric sweep imaging protocols specially designed for the acquisition of US. Non-physician health personnel from the RA are trained on the use of these protocols in a few days. The operator utilizes the medical box (MB), a specially designed telecommunication system, to guide, compress, encrypt and transmit the US sweeps through the cloud to the radiologist who performs the diagnosis remotely. The report is automatically sent back to the MB. The system was able to send US volumetric images with poor connectivity conditions in 6 minutes on average. These results of implementing this tele-ultrasound model in RAs are encouraging and support future validations.

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Listeria monocytogenes é um micro-organismo patógeno que surgiu na década de 80, responsável pela doença de origem alimentar chamada listeriose. A listeriose afeta principalmente mulheres grávidas, recém-nascidos, idosos e pessoas imunodeprimidas. Essa doença pode ocasionar abortos, septicemias, meningites e até mesmo óbito nos casos mais graves. A bactéria Listeria apresenta doses infectantes muito baixas possibilitando que uma simples contaminação ou deficiência de processos que visam à eliminação desse micro-organismo ocasionem surtos. A alta taxa de mortalidade desperta atenção especial das autoridades governamentais responsáveis pelo controle sanitário e da comunidade científica da área de alimentos, mas no Brasil não há estatísticas oficiais de casos de listeriose, pois sua notificação não é obrigatória. Nesta revisão procurou-se trazer à luz informações sobre a listeriose, uma doença de origem alimentar ainda pouco conhecida, identificando os alimentos comumente envolvidos nos surtos, os fatores causais mais significativos, assim como as características e impactos sociais relacionados a essa doença. Foram descritos ainda sua etiologia, fatores de riscos, sinais e sintomas. A análise crítica e a divulgação dos principais aspectos relacionados das doenças transmitidas por alimentos pode ser um importante fator para a prevenção dessas doenças.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical activities at the Neuroimmunology Clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from 1994 to 2013. METHOD: The final diagnosis of all patients that attended the center was reviewed and established upon specific guidelines for each disease. The number of total appointments and extra clinical activities (reports and prescriptions) were also analyzed, as are part of routine activities. RESULTS: 1,599 patients attended the Clinic from 1994 to 2013: 816 with multiple sclerosis (MS), 172 with clinical isolated syndromes, 178 with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 216 with other demyelinating disease, 20 with metabolic disorder, 42 with a vascular disease and 155 with other or undetermined diagnosis. A mean 219 outpatient visits and 65 extra clinical activities were performed monthly. CONCLUSION: We identified that 15% of patients seen have NMO. As patients with NMO have a more severe disease than MS, this data may be important for planning local health care policies.

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Objective To describe the clinical activities at the Neuroimmunology Clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from 1994 to 2013. Method The final diagnosis of all patients that attended the center was reviewed and established upon specific guidelines for each disease. The number of total appointments and extra clinical activities (reports and prescriptions) were also analyzed, as are part of routine activities. Results 1,599 patients attended the Clinic from 1994 to 2013: 816 with multiple sclerosis (MS), 172 with clinical isolated syndromes, 178 with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), 216 with other demyelinating disease, 20 with metabolic disorder, 42 with a vascular disease and 155 with other or undetermined diagnosis. A mean 219 outpatient visits and 65 extra clinical activities were performed monthly. Conclusion We identified that 15% of patients seen have NMO. As patients with NMO have a more severe disease than MS, this data may be important for planning local health care policies. .

Objetivo Descrever a casuística de pacientes atendidos no setor de Neuroimunologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) de 1994 a 2013. Método Analisamos o diagnóstico final de todos os pacientes atendidos de 1999 a 2013, sendo o diagnóstico revisado na última consulta e estabelecido de acordo com os critérios específicos para cada doença. O volume de atendimentos clínicos e não clínicos (relatórios e receitas) foram contabilizados para avaliar a carga de trabalho da equipe. Resultados 1.599 pacientes foram avaliados: 816 com esclerose múltipla (EM), 172 com síndromes clínicas isoladas, 178 com neuromielite óptica (NMO), 216 com outras doenças desmielinizantes, 20 com doenças metabólicas, 42 com doenças vasculares e 155 com outros diagnósticos ou diagnósticos indefinidos. Identificamos uma média de 219 consultas e 65 solicitações de relatórios por mês. Conclusão Identificamos que 15% dos pacientes atendidos tem NMO. Por ser uma doença mais incapacitante que a EM estes dados podem ser importantes para o planejamento de políticas de saúde locais. .

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Devic's disease, also known as neuromyelitis optica, is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. Recently, Devic's disease was demonstrated to be a channelopathy due to the presence of antibodies against the water channel aquaporin-4 in the blood-brain barrier. There have been reports of Devic's disease in infancy, but there are few reported associations of Devic's disease with other diseases. The association of Devic's disease with dermatomyositis has not yet been described in the literature. The aim of this paper is to describe the first case of Devic's disease in an adolescent with juvenile dermatomyositis.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on vascular reactivity, the formation of nitric oxide derivatives, and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Women were treated with soy germ, 17beta-estradiol or 17beta-estradiol + noretisterone acetate for 3 months after taking placebo for 1 month. The plasma concentrations of nitrite + nitrate and S-nitrosothiols were evaluated by gaseous phase chemiluminescence; nitrotyrosine, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and estradiol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cholesterol oxides and isoflavones were determined by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vascular reactivity was analyzed by high-resolution ultrasonography. RESULTS: Soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy induced a decrease in nitrite + nitrate, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides, as well as an increase in S-nitrosothiols. Soy germ isoflavones lowered electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides more efficiently than did hormone therapy. Only soy isoflavones inhibited nitrotyrosine formation. A significant improvement of vascular reactivity was only seen in women treated with 17beta-estradiol. CONCLUSIONS: The soy germ isoflavones and 17beta-estradiol, alone or associated with noretisterone acetate, in the doses and forms used here, have similar effects on the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Soy germ treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than hormone therapy.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy on vascular reactivity, the formation of nitric oxide derivatives, and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Design: Women were treated with soy germ, 17A-estradiol or 17A-estradiol + noretisterone acetate for 3 months after taking placebo for 1 month. The plasma concentrations of nitrite + nitrate and S-nitrosothiols were evaluated by gaseous phase chemiluminescence; nitrotyrosine, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and estradiol levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; cholesterol oxides and isoflavones were determined by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vascular reactivity was analyzed by high-resolution ultrasonography. Results: Soy germ isoflavones and hormone therapy induced a decrease in nitrite + nitrate, electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides, as well as an increase in S-nitrosothiols. Soy germ isoflavones lowered electronegative low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol oxides more efficiently than did hormone therapy. Only soy isoflavones inhibited nitrotyrosine formation. A significant improvement of vascular reactivity was only seen in women treated with 17A-estradiol. Conclusions: The soy germ isoflavones and 17A-estradiol, alone or associated with noretisterone acetate, in the doses and forms used here, have similar effects on the bioavailability of nitric oxide. Soy germ treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than hormone therapy.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of endogenous estrogens on the bioavailability of nitric oxide (.NO) and in the formation of lipid peroxidation products in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: NOx and S-nitrosothiols were determined by gaseous phase chemiluminescence, nitrotyrosine was determined by ELISA, COx (cholesterol oxides) by gas chromatography, and cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides (CE18:2-OOH), trilinolein (TG18:2-OOH), and phospholipids (PC-OOH) by HPLC in samples of plasma. RESULTS: The concentrations of NOx, nitrotyrosine, COx, CE18:2-OOH, and PC-OOH were higher in the postmenopausal period (33.8+/-22.3 microL; 230+/-130 nM; 55+/-19 ng/microL; 17+/-8.7 nM; 2775+/-460 nM, respectively) as compared with those in the premenopausal period (21.1+/-7.3 microM; 114+/-41 nM; 31+/-13 ng/microL; 6+/-1.4 nM; 1635+/-373 nM). In contrast, the concentration of S-nitrosothiols was lower in the postmenopausal period (91+/-55 nM) as compared with that in the premenopausal p in the premenopausal period (237+/-197 nM). CONCLUSION: In the postmenopausal period, an increase in nitrotyrosine and a reduction of S-nitrosothiol formation, as well as an increase of COx, CE18:2-OOH and PC-OOH formation occurs. Therefore, NO inactivation and the increase in lipid peroxidation may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and to the greater risk for atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of endogenous estrogens on the bioavailability of nitric oxide ( NO) and in the formation of lipid peroxidation products in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: NOx and S-nitrosothiols were determined by gaseous phase chemiluminescence, nitrotyrosine was determined by ELISA, COx (cholesterol oxides) by gas chromatography, and cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides (CE18:2-OOH), trilinolein (TG18:2-OOH), and phospholipids (PC-OOH) by HPLC in samples of plasma. RESULTS: The concentrations of NOx, nitrotyrosine, COx, CE18:2-OOH, and PC-OOH were higher in the postmenopausal period (33.8±22.3 mM; 230±130 nM; 55±19 ng/mL; 17±8.7 nM; 2775±460 nM, respectively) as compared with those in the premenopausal period (21.1±7.3 mM; 114±41 nM; 31±13 ng/mL; 6±1.4 nM; 1635±373 nM). In contrast, the concentration of S-nitrosothiols was lower in the postmenopausal period (91±55 nM) as compared with that in the premenopausal p in the premenopausal period (237±197 nM). CONCLUSION: In the postmenopausal period, an increase in nitrotyrosine and a reduction of S-nitrosothiol formation, as well as an increase of COx, CE18:2-OOH and PC-OOH formation occurs. Therefore, òNO inactivation and the increase in lipid peroxidation may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and to the greater risk for atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women

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Verificou-se o efeito dos fitoestrógenos da soja e da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a concentração dos metabólitos do óxido nítrico(NOx), homocisteína e óxidos de colesterol(COx) em mulheres pós-menopausa em mulheres hipercolesterolêmicas que receberam placebo por um mês e posteriormente gérmen de soja (F, n=11), 17 beta estradiol (E, n=12) ou 17 beta estradiol associado ao acetato de noretisterona (E + P, n=11). Determinou-se os Nox e S nitrosotióis por quimioluminiscência em fase gasosa, a homocisteína por eletroforese capilar e os COx por cromatografia gasosa. O gérmen de soja reduziu as concentrações de NOx (34 +- 16 para 22 +- 9µM, p=0,048) e de homocisteína (13 +- 4 para 9 +- 4µM, p+0,036) e aumentou a concentração de S-nitrosotióis (87 +- 45 para 180 +- 92µM, p+ 0,007), em relação ao placebo. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para as terapias E e E + P sobre os NOx, homocisteína e S-nitrosotióis. A concentração de óxidos de colesterol foi reduzida nos grupos F e E (96,97 +- 41,74 para 28,52 +- 11,47ng/µL, p=0,00002 e 88,7 +- 56,9 para 33,9 +- 15,8ng/µL, p= 0,027, respectivamente). O uso de fitoestrógenos do gérmen da soja reduziu a concentração de homocisteína, aumentou a concentração de S-nitrosotióis e, associada ao 17 beta estradiol, reduziu a formação de Cox. Portanto, estes dados indicam um efeito protetor dos fitoestrógenos em relação à disfunção endotelial e ao risco de aterosclerose na pós-menopausa.

The effect of phytoestrogens and hormone replacement therapy on nitric oxide metabolites (Nox), homocysteine and cholesterol oxides concentration was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women that received placebo for 1 month followed by soy germen (F, n=11)...

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Nesta revisäo da etiologia e patogênese da dermatite atópica, os autores estudaram os vários aspectos desta manifestaçäo complexa e multifatorial em especial predisposiçäo genética e anormalidades imunológicas centralizadas em uma disfunçäo dos T-linfócitos helper e supressor, produçäo de níveis altos de IgE, imunidade celular deprimida e liberaçäo de mediadores químicos de mastócitos e basófilos com a ativaçäo de células inflamatórias e interleucinas, resultando em inflamaçäo crônica local e em hiperreatividade cutânea observada nestes pacientes

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