RESUMEN
Snakes represent a wide and diverse group of species and have anatomical particularities, such as the renal sexual segment (RSS), a structure located in the kidneys and formed from the hypertrophy of the urinary ducts and nephrons. This study aims at describing the histological aspects of the RSS of Boa constrictor, Epicrates cenchria and Corallus hortulanus, all of which are Brazilian snake species from the Boidae family. The reproductive system and kidneys of five male specimens of E. cenchria, three male specimens of C. hortulanus and two male specimens of B. constrictor were obtained. Tissue samples were processed histologically and different stains used (Toluidine Blue, Alcian Blue and Periodic Acid Schiff). The histological evaluation of the RSS of E. cenchria, C. hortulanus and B. constrictor shows that the RSS in these species varies when comparing individuals in the reproductive period with those which are not. It also allows for the observation of the segment's secretory activity in animals in the reproductive stage (mature sperm in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules) as well as in those which are not. Finally, the histological evaluation also reveals the variation of the secretion product in individuals in the reproductive period, in those which are not, and also among individuals within the same reproductive stage.
Asunto(s)
Boidae , Riñón , Animales , Masculino , Riñón/anatomía & histología , Brasil , Boidae/anatomía & histología , Túbulos Seminíferos/anatomía & histología , Espermatozoides/citologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in primates are potentially fatal and directly impact the conservation of these animals and public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 blood/clot samples collected from free-living and captive neotropical primates undergoing clinical care or found dead by environmental authorities in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, were analyzed by PCR for DNA detection of T. gondii and N. caninum. Furthermore, eight animals were submitted to immunohistochemistry for the detection of T. gondii. RESULTS: DNA of T. gondii and N. caninum was amplified in 11 (28.95%) 10 (26.32%) of samples analyzed, respectively. Coinfection was observed in three individuals. One animal returned a positive result in the immunohistochemistry for the detection of T. gondii. CONCLUSION: These findings reflect a concern for the conservation of these animals, as the pathogen-host interaction is unpredictable and infections by these protozoa can lead to animal mortality, which has a substantial impact on endangered species.
Asunto(s)
Neospora , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios , Neospora/genética , Primates , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, recognized as an important global public health concern. In this study, molecular detection of the ORF1 and ORF2 genomic regions of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) was carried out in fecal and serum samples from pigs in subsistence farms of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Fragments of the ORF2 region were amplified in 8% (12/150) of fecal samples, with 53.3% (8/15) of farms having positive results. Of the 12 positive samples, fragments of the ORF1 region were amplified in 33.3% (4/12) of these. Molecular characterization confirmed the phylogenetic groupings as HEV subtypes 3d, 3â¯h, and 3i. The results revealed that meat from pigs that was originally meant for personal consumption is being traded in marketplaces in metropolitan Cuiabá, thereby creating a source of transmission to consumers in Mato Grosso. The environmental conditions must be taken into account when investigating the presence and transmission of HEV.
Asunto(s)
Genotipo , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis E/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Granjas , Heces/virología , Variación Genética , Hepatitis E/diagnóstico , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/transmisión , Virus de la Hepatitis E/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Carne/virología , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/transmisión , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Zoonosis/diagnóstico , Zoonosis/transmisión , Zoonosis/virologíaRESUMEN
A HoBi-like pestivirus was first described in 2004 in a Brazilian fetal bovine serum that was exported to Germany. Nevertheless, it is believed that the virus had been present since the 1990's, when it was detected in buffalos of Brazilian origin. Reproductive and respiratory diseases have been reported since 2001 in cattle, and more recently, diseases accompanied by a clinical presentation of mucosal disease-like (MD-like lesions have been reported as well. In the present study, the authors reported the oldest case of MD--like in cattle, associated with a HoBi-like pestivirus infection. Diarrhea, anorexia, nasal discharge, hypersalivation, and weakness were observed in 20 calves. For two of the animals, clinical follow-ups were performed. Following their death, necropsy was performed on these two calves. The main gross alterations observed were ulcers and erosions in the upper and lower digestive tract and interdigital dermatitis. Clinical history, gross findings, histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and virus isolation were determined as suitable tools for the diagnosis of a MD-like outbreak, caused by a HoBi-like pestivirus.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/patología , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Infecciones por Pestivirus/veterinaria , Pestivirus/patogenicidad , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/virología , Brasil , Bovinos , Infecciones por Pestivirus/patología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/virologíaRESUMEN
Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging entomophthoramycosis caused by fungi Conidiobolus spp. Animal models are essential for the study of infectious disease in various areas such as pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention. There is not currently an animal model for conidiobolomycosis. The aim of this study was to create an experimental infection protocol for Conidiobolus lamprauges in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The study animals were randomly divided into four groups of four animals: immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and infected with C. lamprauges (G1), immunocompetent and infected with C. lamprauges (G2), immunosuppressed with CPA (G3), and an immunocompetent control group (G4). Clinical signs were observed only in G1 animals, where the mortality rate reached 75% by day 7 after infection (AI) with a median survival of 2 days. C. lamprauges was detected only in G1, both by PCR and by isolation. Necropsies of the G1 animals showed lesions in the nasal cavity and lung tissue. These lesions were characterized by polymorphonuclear infiltrate cells and by the presence of hyphal structures under silver staining. This animal model will be useful for further investigation of diseases caused by C. lamprauges, particularly of those associated with immunosuppression factors in naturally occurring animal infections.