RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in blood glucose levels resulting from insulin secretion and/or dysfunctional activity that can lead to several serious complications in addition to decreased postural balance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify and analyze the main interventions used to improve static balance in patients with DM. METHODS: For the selection of articles, a bibliographic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Only clinical trials that investigated the effect of training on static balance in adults with type 2 DM were selected, and 34 studies were included. RESULTS: The search resulted in the identification of 2681 articles, and of these, 31 were eligible for the study. The identified interventions were proprioceptive, aerobic, resistance training on platforms, in virtual reality, and Tai Chi. The main results obtained were an increase in time in the one-leg stance, Romberg test, and tandem position, a significant increase in the Berg Balance Scale score and balance index, and a reduction in the variables of postural sway. CONCLUSION: There are a variety of effective training methods for improving static balance, and the choice of intervention to be applied goes beyond proven effectiveness, depending on reproducibility and/or financial cost.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Equilibrio Postural , Humanos , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Taichi Chuan/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Adherence to self-care has been identified as a means of preventing diabetic foot wounds, positively influencing the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients. The adherence to this strategy is divergent in different populations. It is essential to determine the self-care practices that are associated with diabetic foot ulcers and the quality of life in adults with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To understand self-care practices and explore their relationship with the foot wound risk and quality of life of persons with type 2 diabetes in a city in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 300 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, classification of foot wound risk, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and SF-36. RESULTS: Adherence to self-care was low for physical exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and foot care. The diet and the use of medication had better adherence by the participants. Foot wound risk was related to no adherence to diet (OR 2.2 95% CI 1.32-3.38), physical activity (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.25-0.95), and blood glucose checking (OR 5.31 95% CI 1.58-17.78). Quality of life was associated with physical activity (OR 0.35 95% CI 0.16-0.74). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that is a relationship between self-care practices adherence, risk of foot wounds, and quality of life.
INTRODUÇÃO: A adesão ao autocuidado tem sido apontado como meio de prevenção de feridas no pé diabético, influenciando positivamente nos desfechos clínicos e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A adesão a esta estratégia é divergente em diferentes populações. É essencial determinar as práticas de autocuidado que estão associadas às feridas do pé diabético e à qualidade de vida em adultos com diabetes. OBJETIVO: Conhecer as prática de autocuidado e explorar sua relação com o risco de feridas nos pés e a qualidade de vida de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 em uma cidade do nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo com uma amostra de 300 pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, classificação de risco de feridas nos pés, resumo das atividades de autocuidado com a diabetes e sf-36. RESULTADOS: A adesão ao autocuidado foi baixa para exercícios físicos, automonitorização da glicemia e cuidados com os pés. A dieta e o uso de medicamentos apresentaram melhor adesão pelos participantes. O risco de ferimento no pé foi relacionado à não adesão a dieta (OR 2,2 IC 95% 1,32-3,38), atividade física (OR 0,49 IC 95% 0,25-0,95) e verificação da glicemia (OR 5,31 IC 95% 1,58-17,78). A qualidade de vida foi associada à atividade física (OR 0,35 IC 95% 0,16-0,74). CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que existe relação entre a adesão ao autocuidado, risco de feridas nos pés e qualidade de vida.