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Many authors have studied various different parameters in relation to postoperative anxiety after the extraction of third molars. However, the effect that the acute inflammatory process occurring post extraction could have on these parameters has not been studied. Certain salivary biomarkers, although not specifically inflammatory, may be affected by the acute inflammatory process occurring following the extraction of a retained lower third molar. Three biomarkers were assessed in this study: total protein, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and alpha-amylase. A total of 15 patients were recruited. Four samples of saliva were taken from each patient: before extraction, immediately after extraction, at 2h after extraction, and at 7 days after extraction. The concentrations of the proteins in the saliva were measured. The average values of each marker were compared across the different stages of the study. Statistical analysis revealed that of the three salivary biomarkers, only alpha-amylase was associated with an inflammatory response to the surgery (P<0.05). These results suggest the possibility that salivary alpha-amylase levels may be affected by the acute inflammation occurring post extraction; therefore, this would not be an appropriate marker to use in the study of other situations, unless this interference is controlled for.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: los factores que determinan qué fumadores desarrollarán EPOC y gravedad de la enfermedad se desconocen en la actualidad, pero ha suscitado interés el posible papel que los agentes infecciosos pudieran desempeñar a través de la respuesta inflamatoria que inducen, acelerando la progresión de la enfermedad o perpetuando su progresión. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer la tasa de colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en sujetos con EPOC y ver su relación con los distintos estadios de la enfermedad. MÉTODO: realizamos un estudio transversal en pacientes atendidos en las consultas de neumología por tabaquismo, con o sin EPOC, en cualquier estadio de su enfermedad. A cada paciente se le realizó una historia clínica detallada, además de la toma de muestras de esputo inducido y pruebas de función respiratoria. El diagnóstico molecular de la colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii se efectuó mediante PCR en las muestras de esputo inducido. Se realizó un análisis estadístico, comparando la colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en los distintos grupos de fumadores sin EPOC y con EPOC en sus distintos estadios, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 18. RESULTADOS: el 42,6% de los 101 pacientes estudiados presentó colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii. No se hallaron diferencias en cuanto a la presencia del microorganismo, dependiendo del estadio de la enfermedad, así como en relación a los síntomas o exacerbaciones sufridas en el año anterior. CONCLUSIONES: existe una elevada prevalencia de colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en sujetos fumadores, con o sin EPOC. No obtenemos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presencia de este patógeno, según estadios de enfermedad

INTRODUCTION: factors that determine which smokers will develop COPD and the severity of the disease are unknown at present, but have attracted interest the possible role that infectious agents could play inducing inflammatory response, accelerating progression of the disease or perpetuating its progression. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of colonization with Pneumocystis jirovecii in subjects with COPD and view their relationship with the various disease stages. METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study in patients treated in these clinics for smoking, with or without COPD, at any stage of their disease. Each patient underwent a detailed medical history, besides making induced sputum samples and lung function tests. The molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization was performed by PCR in induced sputum samples. Statistical analysis was performed comparing colonization Pneumocystis jirovecii in different groups of smokers without COPD and COPD in its various stages, using SPSS, version 18. RESULTS: 42.6% of the 101 patients studied had Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization. No differences were found in the presence of the microorganism, depending the stage of the disease as well as in relation to the suffered symptoms or exacerbations in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of colonization Pneumocystis jirovecii in smokers with or without COPD. No statistically significant differences we obtain in the presence of the pathogen, as disease states

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