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Two groups of 6-8 children aged 3-4 years with a mental retardation of 6 to 9 months were educated in special Kindergarten groups for one year. The effects were checked three times during the year and in the children's third or fourth year at school. A control group matched for age and mental development continued in the Kindergarten as usual and was checked in the same way. As we had supposed, the children in the small groups demonstrated better results in their mental and behavioural development after one year of special education. There was also some evidence that it had a positive effect up to the age of 10 years. The positive effect on their behaviour was more pronounced (according to psychological examinations, school marks and questionnaires for teachers and mothers) than on their intellectual performance. Thus, special education in small groups can promote a more harmonious development of the personality of slightly retarded children.

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Age-dependent changes in EEG activity were assessed in a comparison of EEG recordings taken from 102 children at the ages of 6 and 10 years. Of the 2-to-13-cycle-a-second activity recorded from the left occipital region, the fast alpha frequencies (10 to 13 cycles a second) showed a significant increase at the expense of all slower frequencies. The children were divided into two groups according to whether they had been exposed to a small or large number of biological risks; in the latter group the extent of the increase in fast alpha activity was negatively related to the number of additional psychosocial risks. This effect was even more pronounced in the group of brain-damaged children, where the smallest age-dependent shift in the EEG frequencies was seen in the group with both minimal brain damage and a high psychosocial risk factor. These data suggest that the exposure of children with minimal brain damage to multiple psychosocial risks may lead to a delay in the maturation of the brain that can be detected by neurophysiological methods.

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The value of capilloroscopy of the perionychium for the diagnosis of infantile brain damage and its psychic late sequealae was studied in 279 six-years-old children. By comparisons carried out within the groups of the organic brain damage criteria with respect to perinatological risks and with psychological parameters it was proved that capillaroscopy show no differential-diagnostic suitability with respects to the presence or absence of an infantile brain damage.

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The data given in the literature about frequency and relative importance of diagnostic criteria for children with cerebral lesions show considerable differences and so do, as a consequence, diagnosing practice and epidemiological statements. This study aims at weighting the determing factors of a diagnosis and ascretining their interrelations and the associated influence on the psychic-mental development. In a total of 279 six-year-old risk and control children eight criteria regarding brain damage were recorded. The conclusive results give evidence of the influence exerted by organic conditions on the child's development and of the possibility of objectification by common methods. There is no justifiable alternative to a primarily organic basis of the diagnosis of infantile brain damage.

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The dyspraxia test developed by LESNY was applied in a random test in 279 six-year-old risk and control children fit for infants class. All children showing failures with respect to dyspraxia requirements have on average higher pregnancy and birth risks, have on an average more symptoms of the cerebral-psychic axis syndrome, produce pathological findings more frequently in the usual method of somatic brain stem diagnostics and are regularly below the level of the control group with respect to the various performance, concentration, and behaviour parameters. Mild dyspraxia is characterised by elementary functional weakness which is etiologically caused by a brain injury and psychopathologically exerts a general development-inhibiting effect.

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Clonazepam (Antelepsin) was tested on 179 patients in 8 institutions during a period of 180 days. 169 patients had been unsuccessfully treated with the usual standard medication and were additionally given Antelepsin. Typical absences and attacks of the West and Lennox syndromes yielded best to treatment with the drug, with favorable effects also being produced in cases of partial or focal epilepsy. The most important side-effect was tiredness, other collateral effects being balance disorders, sensations of dizziness, and musuclar weakness. The frequency of side-effects decreased in the course of therapy. In the electroencephalogram there was observed a significant increase in beta waves and a significant decrease in 3 Hz spike and wave complexes.

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Connections exist between the delivery technique for breech presentation cases and the intellectual development of infants. Extracted infants show lower development quotients (EQ) than others delivered with a modified Bracht. Diagnostic symptoms of early brain damage are found in either group. No symptom combination appears to have a significant effect on the EQ level. A prospective delivery technique should be selected in the case of breech presentation on the basis of specific criteria.

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