RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to investigate the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 among Brazilians. METHODS: this research employed an observational and analytical approach, utilizing a web-based survey. Data collection took place in 2020, and data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was found to be 27.5% (1182 individuals). There is a negative correlation between belief in conspiracy theories and social influence. Among the various beliefs associated with vaccination intentions, only conspiracy beliefs exhibited significant predictive value. Thus, the findings suggest that personal beliefs significantly impact hesitancy towards vaccination, and also indicate that trust in governmental bodies is inversely related to hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS: vaccine hesitancy emerges as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a complex array of factors, including personal beliefs, trust in governmental bodies, and healthcare systems.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Brasil , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/psicología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Estudios Transversales , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Intención , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Pueblos Sudamericanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
To assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of chikungunya incidence and its association with social vulnerability indicators in Brazil, an ecological and population-based study was conducted herein, with confirmed cases of chikungunya and based on clinical and clinical-epidemiological criteria from 2017 to 2023. Data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and social vulnerability indicators were extracted from the official platform of the United Nations Development Program and the Social Vulnerability Atlas. Temporal, spatial, and global spatial regression models were employed. The temporal trend showed that in 2017, the incidence increased by 1.9%, and this trend decreased from 2020 to 2021 (-0.93%). The spatial distribution showed heterogeneity and positive spatial autocorrelation (I: 0.71; p < 0.001) in chikungunya cases in Brazil. Also, the high-risk areas for the disease were concentrated in the northeast and north regions. The social vulnerability indicators associated with the outcome were those related to income, education, and housing conditions. Our analyses demonstrate that chikungunya continues to be a serious health concern in Brazil, but specially in the northeast and north regions. Lastly, mapping risk areas can provide evidence for the development of public health strategies and disease control in endemic regions.
RESUMEN
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a valuable tool in the response to the HIV epidemic, recommended for groups with a higher risk of HIV infection, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly in the context of high-risk sexual behavior such as chemsex. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to use PrEP among MSM who engage in chemsex in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a secondary dataset from a larger study conducted between January 2020 and May 2021 throughout Brazil and Portugal involving 1852 MSM who engage in chemsex. An initial descriptive analysis was performed to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies of independent variables related to the intention to use PrEP among MSM. A multivariate regression model was developed to identify factors independently associated with the intention to use PrEP. Results: Although a high level of PrEP knowledge (85.75%) was observed among MSM who engage in chemsex, the prevalence of intention to use PrEP was only 59.07%. Five variables were associated with a higher prevalence of intention to use PrEP [engaging in double penetration - adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.44-1.69; being assigned female sex at birth - aPR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.61; cruising - aPR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38; not using condoms - aPR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.36; and being an immigrant - aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25], while having knowledge of postexposure prophylaxis (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98), having a casual sexual partner (aPR: 0.86 and 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99 and 0.74-0.98), and engaging in group sex (aPR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.90) were associated with a lower intention to use PrEP. Conclusion: The intention to use PrEP among MSM who engage in chemsex was high, and several factors were associated with this intention. Understanding the factors associated with the intention to use PrEP among MSM practicing chemsex is crucial for developing targeted interventions to increase PrEP uptake in this population. The results of this study suggest that tailored approaches are necessary to promote PrEP use in this population.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Investigating the use and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in MSM is a global health priority in the fight against HIV. Strategies must be capable of increasing usage and reaching not only the population living in the country but also those who immigrate, who face additional vulnerabilities. Based on this, in this observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study, our aim is to analyze the use of PrEP among Brazilian men who have sex with men, whether they are migrants or not. We aim to highlight preventive opportunities and strategies for the global health scenario. Methods: We utilized a sample of Brazilians living in the country and Brazilian immigrants residing in Portugal, one of the main destinations for Brazilians in recent years. To estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of PrEP use, we employed the Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation using a covariance matrix. Results: A total of 1,117 Brazilian MSM PrEP users participated in this study, with 788 residing in Brazil and 328 in Portugal. Multivariate analysis was conducted in three stages: overall, and for subgroups of residents in Brazil and immigrants in Portugal. We identified four convergent factors that increased the prevalence of PrEP use in Brazilians regardless of migration status: having two or more casual sexual partners per month, engaging in challenging sexual practices as the receptive partner, disclosing serological status on apps, and being single. Among native Brazilians, four unique factors stood out: being in a polyamorous relationship, having sexual relations with unknown casual partners, and having higher levels of education. Discussion: This study highlights the need to implement strategies to strengthen PrEP adherence in Brazil and create international programs that facilitate its usage among populations migrating between these two countries.
Asunto(s)
Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Masculino , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Homosexualidad Masculina , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to discuss the repercussions of chemsex on the health of men who have sex with men (MSM), contextualizing it in a global health scenario and pointing out the implications for nursing care. METHODS: theoretical-reflexive study based on scientific literature and concepts related to global health. RESULTS: we present the epidemiology of the chemsex phenomenon, the main demands of the field, the reasons why it has become a global public health problem, and the implications for nursing practice. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: chemsex is growing in all age groups of MSM and is globally benefiting from location-based applications to gain magnitude, finding an important potential audience in the migrant population. Nursing structures can help accelerate the proposal and implementation of biomedical and behavioral measures to address chemsex in its entirety, qualifying care and inducing teamwork with interprofessional collaboration.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Masculino , Humanos , Homosexualidad Masculina , Conducta Sexual , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Salud Global , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Strengthening strategies to improve adherence to the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations constitutes a global health priority to be achieved across countries, especially in countries that share a high flow of people such as Brazil and Portugal. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with adherence to PrEP among MSM from two Portuguese-speaking countries, highlighting the opportunities and preventive strategies for the global health scenario. This was a cross-sectional analytical online survey conducted from January 2020 to May 2021 with MSM in Brazil and Portugal. For analysis of the data, the Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for developing a model to evaluate the associated factors in both countries in a comparative and isolated way. Adherence to PrEP use corresponded to 19.5% (n = 1682) of the overall sample: 18.3% (n = 970) for Brazil and 21.5% (n = 712) for Portugal. Having more than two sex partners in the last 30 days (aPR: 30.87) and routinely undergoing HIV tests (aPR: 26.21) increased the use of this medication. Being an immigrant (PR: 1.36) and knowing the partner's serological status (PR: 1.28) increased adherence to PrEP in Portugal, whereas, in Brazil, it was being an immigrant (PR: 0.83) and not knowing the serological status (PR: 2.24) that promoted the use of this medication. Our findings reinforce the need to invest in programs and strategies to improve access and adherence to PrEP, especially in key populations.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH , Infecciones por VIH , Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Masculino , Humanos , Homosexualidad Masculina , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Portugal , Estudios Transversales , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objectives: to discuss the repercussions of chemsex on the health of men who have sex with men (MSM), contextualizing it in a global health scenario and pointing out the implications for nursing care. Methods: theoretical-reflexive study based on scientific literature and concepts related to global health. Results: we present the epidemiology of the chemsex phenomenon, the main demands of the field, the reasons why it has become a global public health problem, and the implications for nursing practice. Final Considerations: chemsex is growing in all age groups of MSM and is globally benefiting from location-based applications to gain magnitude, finding an important potential audience in the migrant population. Nursing structures can help accelerate the proposal and implementation of biomedical and behavioral measures to address chemsex in its entirety, qualifying care and inducing teamwork with interprofessional collaboration.
RESUMEN Objetivos: discutir las repercusiones de chemsex en la salud de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), contextualizándolas en un escenario de salud global y señalando las implicaciones para los cuidados de enfermería. Métodos: estudio teórico-reflexivo fundamentado en la literatura científica y en los conceptos relacionados con la salud global. Resultados: presentamos la epidemiología del fenómeno chemsex , las principales demandas del campo, los motivos por los cuales se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública global y las implicaciones para la actuación de enfermería. Consideraciones Finales: el chemsex está aumentando en todos los segmentos de edad de HSH y globalmente está beneficiándose de aplicaciones basadas en la geolocalización para aumentar su magnitud, encontrando en la población migrante un importante público potencial. Las estructuras de enfermería pueden ayudar a acelerar la propuesta e implementación global de medidas biomédicas y conductuales para abordar el chemsex en su totalidad, que califiquen el cuidado e induzcan al trabajo en equipo con colaboración interprofesional.
RESUMO Objetivos: discutir as repercussões do chemsex na saúde de homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), contextualizando-a num cenário de saúde global e apontando as implicações para os cuidados da enfermagem. Métodos: estudo teórico-reflexivo fundamentado na literatura cientifica e nos conceitos relacionados a saúde global. Resultados: apresentamos a epidemiologia do fenômeno chemsex , as principais demandas do campo, os motivos pelo qual tornou-se um problema de saúde pública global e as implicações para a atuação da enfermagem. Considerações Finais: o chemsex vem crescendo em todos os segmentos etários de HSH e globalmente vem se beneficiando dos aplicativos baseado em geolocalização para ganhar magnitude, encontrando na população migrante, um importante público em potencial. Estruturas de enfermagem podem ajudar a acelerar a propor e implementar globalmente medidas biomédicas e comportamentais de enfrentamento ao chemsex em sua totalidade, que qualifiquem o cuidado e induzam ao trabalho em equipe com colaboração interprofissional.
RESUMEN
This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Alfabetización en Salud , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Masculinidad , Salud del Hombre , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Suppression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Regulación Emocional , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Emociones/fisiología , Humanos , Acceso a Internet , Masculino , PandemiasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Little is known about how sheltering in place to contain the spread of COVID-19 over extended periods affects individuals' psychological well-being. This study's objective was to analyze the factors associated with MSM's (men who have sex with men) low psychological well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic context. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted online across Brazil (26 states and federal district) in April and May 2020. The participants were recruited using snowball sampling and Facebook posts. Data were collected using social media and MSM dating apps. We estimated the prevalence, crude prevalence ratio (PR), and the respective confidence intervals (CI95%). RESULTS: The prevalence of low psychological well-being found in the sample was 7.9%. Associated factors were belonging to the youngest group (PR 2.76; CI95% 1.90-4.01), having polyamorous relationships (PR 2.78; CI95% 1.51-5.11), not complying with social isolation measures (PR 6.27; CI95% 4.42-8.87), not using the social media to find partners (PR 1.63; CI95% 1.06-2.53), having multiple sexual partners (PR 1.80; CI95% 1.04-3.11), having reduced the number of partners (PR 2.67; CI95% 1.44-4.95), and group sex (PR 1.82; CI95% 1.23-2.69). CONCLUSION: The well-being of MSM living in Brazil was negatively affected during the social distancing measures intended to control the spread of COVID-19. The variables that contributed the most to this outcome include social isolation, relationships established with partners, and sexual behavior. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Planning and implementing public policies and actions to promote psychological well-being are needed to improve MSM's resilience by adopting safe strategies and behavior.
RESUMEN
The practice of sex with casual partners without the use of adequate prevention in the period of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) can expose them to the risk of infection by the HIV virus. To assess this, we conducted an online survey in April and May 2020 in the entire national territory of Brazil and Portugal. We used the snowball technique for sampling, associated with circulation in social networks, totaling 2934 participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to produce the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). Eight-hundred-and-forty-two (28.7%) MSM presented at-risk sexual exposure in this period. In general, the types of sexual practices that most increased the chances of sexual exposure were having multiple partners (aOR:14.045); having practiced chemsex (aOR:2.246) and group sex (aOR:2.431), as well as presenting a history of at-risk sexual exposure (aOR:5.136). When we consider each country separately, the chances are increased in Brazil since the probability of the outcome was increased in those who practiced group sex (aOR:5.928), had multiple partners (aOR:19.132), and reported a sexual history of at-risk exposure (aOR:8.861). Our findings indicate that practices that are classically associated with greater chances of engaging in risky sexual exposure to HIV infection were the factors that most increased the chances of acquiring the virus in the pandemic context.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Infecciones por VIH , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Conducta Sexual , Parejas SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze, from the perspective of self-report of antecedents and consequences, how the COVID-19 pandemic decrease the health of men living in Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative study, conducted with 200 men living in all regions of Brazil through the application of a semi-structured instrument, hosted on an online platform. The data were analyzed with the Collective Subject Discourse method and anchored in the theoretical framework of Dialectical Historical Materialism. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic decrease men's mental health because it worsened the history of personal, affective, family, occupational, dysfunctional and/or morbid problems, causing consequences of psychic somatization, family dissolution, end of affective relationship, marital conflicts, social isolation, financial difficulty, vulnerability of the work situation and occupational exhaustion, sudden changes in behavior, barriers in access to health care and impaired experiences of death and grief. CONCLUSION: Social support networks need to be strengthened in order to minimize the direct and indirect impacts caused by the pandemic materiality for mental health and the various dimensions of life affected.
OBJETIVO: Analisar, sob o prisma do autorrelato de antecedentes e consequentes, como a pandemia da COVID-19 piora a saúde de homens residentes no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 200 homens residentes em todas as regiões do Brasil, mediante a aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado, hospedado em plataforma on-line. Os dados foram analisados com o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e ancorados no referencial teórico do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. RESULTADOS: A pandemia da COVID-19 piorou a saúde mental dos homens, porque aprimorou a história problemática pessoal, afetiva, familiar, ocupacional, disfuncional e/ou mórbida, e causa consequências de somatização psíquica, dissolução familiar, fim do relacionamento afetivo, conflitos conjugais, isolamento social, dificuldade financeira, vulnerabilidade da situação de trabalho e desgaste ocupacional, mudanças repentinas de comportamento, barreiras no acesso aos cuidados de saúde e experiências de morte e luto prejudicadas. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário fortalecer redes de apoio social, a fim de minimizar os impactos diretos e indiretos causados pela materialidade da pandemia para a saúde mental e as várias dimensões da vida afetadas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Salud Mental , Pandemias , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Hombres/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estrés Psicológico , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Trastornos Mentales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the extent to which Brazilian and Portuguese Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) had casual sex partners outside their homes during the period of sheltering in place for the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in Brazil and Portugal in April, during the period of social isolation for COVID-19, with a sample of 2361 MSMs. Recruitment was done through meeting apps and Facebook. RESULTS: Most of the sample (53.0%) had casual sex partners during sheltering. Factors that increased the odds of engaging in casual sex in Brazil were having group sex (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4), living in an urban area (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2), feeling that sheltering had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3), having casual instead of steady partners (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.5), and not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 4.2-10.0). In Portugal, the odds of engaging in casual sex increased with using Facebook to find partners (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 3.0-7.2), not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.9-5.9), usually finding partners in physical venues (pre-COVID-19) (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2-8.9), feeling that the isolation had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-6.7), and HIV-positive serostatus (aOR 11.7, 95% CI 4.7-29.2). Taking PrEP/Truvada to prevent COVID-19 was reported by 12.7% of MSM. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has not stopped most of our MSM sample from finding sexual partners, with high-risk sexual behaviors continuing.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Infecciones por VIH , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Portugal , Asunción de Riesgos , SARS-CoV-2 , Conducta Sexual , Parejas Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Distrés Psicológico , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ambiente en el Hogar , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Apoyo Social , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , IncertidumbreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men (MSM) and engaged in casual sex during a period of social isolation. METHOD: National epidemiological survey, applied in April and May 2020, by adaptation of Respondent Drive Sampling. RESULTS: 1,337 MSM participated in the survey, of which 514 (38.4%) had fever associated with another sign or symptom of flu-like syndrome. Social, demographic characteristics, sexual practices and activities during the period of social isolation were statistically associated with the presence of flu-like syndrome. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in the average of partners between those who had signs and symptoms of flu-like syndrome (3.5) and those who did not (1.7). CONCLUSION: Evidence of signs and symptoms indicative of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID 19 in Brazilian MSM who were involved in casual sex during the period of social isolation.
Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Homosexualidad Masculina , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Evaluación de Síntomas , Adulto , Brasil , COVID-19 , Prueba de COVID-19 , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Homosexualidad Masculina/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Gripe Humana/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Redes Sociales en Línea , Pandemias , Cuarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men (MSM) and engaged in casual sex during a period of social isolation. Method: National epidemiological survey, applied in April and May 2020, by adaptation of Respondent Drive Sampling. Results: 1,337 MSM participated in the survey, of which 514 (38.4%) had fever associated with another sign or symptom of flu-like syndrome. Social, demographic characteristics, sexual practices and activities during the period of social isolation were statistically associated with the presence of flu-like syndrome. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in the average of partners between those who had signs and symptoms of flu-like syndrome (3.5) and those who did not (1.7). Conclusion: Evidence of signs and symptoms indicative of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID 19 in Brazilian MSM who were involved in casual sex during the period of social isolation.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de síndrome gripal sospecha de COVID-19 en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y se envolvieron en sexo con pareja ocasional durante distanciamiento social. Método: Averiguación epidemiológica, de abarcamiento nacional, aplicado en abril y mayo de 2020, por adaptación del Respondent Drive Sampling. Resultados: 1.337 HSHs participaron de la investigación, de los cuales 514 (38,4%) tuvieron fiebre relacionada a otra señal o síntoma de síndrome gripal. Características sociales, demográficas, prácticas y actividades sexuales durante el distanciamiento social han estáticamente relacionadas a la presencia de síndrome gripal. Hubo diferencia estadística (p < 0,001) en la media de parejas entre aquellos que tuvieron señales y síntomas de síndrome gripal (3,5) y aquellos que no los tuvieron (1,7). Conclusión: Se evidencia ocurrencia de señales y síntomas indicativos de síndrome gripal sugestivo de COVID-19 en HSHs brasileños que se envolvieron en sexo ocasional durante el período del distanciamiento social.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de síndrome gripal suspeita de COVID-19 em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) e se envolveram em sexo com parceiro casual durante período de distanciamento social. Método: Inquérito epidemiológico, de abrangência nacional, aplicado em abril e maio de 2020, por adaptação do Respondent Drive Sampling. Resultados: 1.337 HSHs participaram da pesquisa, dos quais 514 (38,4%) tiveram febre associada a outro sinal ou sintoma de síndrome gripal. Características sociais, demográficas, práticas e atividades sexuais durante o período de distanciamento social foram estaticamente associadas à presença de síndrome gripal. Houve diferença estatística (p < 0,001) na média de parceiros entre aqueles que tiveram sinais e sintomas de síndrome gripal (3,5) e aqueles que não os tiveram (1,7). Conclusão: Evidencia-se ocorrência de sinais e sintomas indicativos de síndrome gripal sugestiva de COVID19 em HSHs brasileiros que se envolveram em sexo casual durante o período do distanciamento social.