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INTRODUCTION: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cardiac post-ganglionic sympathetic denervation has been described in this condition which can be quantified by MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) myocardial scintigraphy. The aim of our work was to retrospectively evaluate cardiac MIBG uptake (expressed as the heart-to-mediastinum ratio at 4h (HMR) in patients with suspected LBD, and to examine its relationship with clinical and para-clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 77 patients with clinical suspicion of LBD evaluated at our centre between September 2005 and June 2008 to whom a MIBG myocardial scintigraphy has been performed were retrospectively reviewed. International Consensus Criteria of LBD were applied to divide the sample into probable LBD, possible LBD and non-LBD. HMR values and their relationships with clinical and neuropsychological data were analysed. A subgroup of patients had FP-CIT (fluoropropyl-carbomethoxy-3ß-4-iodophenyltropane) SPECT as a part of the evaluation. RESULTS: Mean HMR values were significantly lower in probable LBD group than in possible LBD and non-LBD groups. Low HMR values were associated only with reduced FP-CIT uptake in the striatum, but not with any clinical or neuropsychological item. CONCLUSIONS: Low MIBG myocardial scintigraphy uptake is a robust measure in LBD, and it is not largely affected by medical conditions, or by the stage of the disease. In LBD reduced MIBG myocardial uptake is associated with nigrostriatal degeneration.

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Introducción: La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy (DCLw) es la segunda causa más frecuente de demencia degenerativa tras la demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA). En esta entidad se ha descrito una denervación simpática cardíaca posganglionar, que puede cuantificarse mediante la gammagrafía miocárdica con MIBG (metayodobencilguanidina). El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar retrospectivamente la captación miocárdica de MIBG, expresada cuantitativamente como el índice corazón/mediastino a las 4h (ICM) en pacientes con sospecha clínica de DCLw, y examinar su relación con los datos clínicos y paraclínicos. Pacientes y métodos:Se revisaron retrospectivamente datos de 77 pacientes con sospecha clínica de DCLw evaluados entre septiembre de 2005 y junio de 2008 en nuestro hospital a los que se les había realizado una gammagrafía miocárdica con MIBG. Se aplicaron los criterios internacionales de consenso para dividir la muestra en DCLw probable, DCLw posible y sin DCLw. Se analizaron el ICM en cada grupo y su relación con variables clínicas y neuropsicológicas. A un subgrupo de pacientes se le había realizado además un SPECT con FP-CIT (fluoropropil-carbometoxi-3β-4-yodofeniltropano) como parte de la evaluación. Resultados:Los valores medios de ICM fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de DCLw probable que en los grupos de DCLw posible y sin DCLw. Valores disminuidos de ICM solamente se asociaron a una captación disminuida en el estriado en el FP-CIT SPECT, pero no a ninguna variable clínica ni neuropsicológica. Conclusiones:La captación miocárdica reducida de MIBG es una medida robusta en la DCLw, y no se ve afectada por condiciones médicas o el estadio de la enfermedad. Una disminución en la captación miocárdica de MIBG se asocia a la degeneración nigroestriada en la DCLw (AU)

Introduction: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cardiac post-ganglionic sympathetic denervation has been described in this condition which can be quantified by MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) myocardial scintigraphy. The aim of our work was to retrospectively evaluate cardiac MIBG uptake (expressed as the heart-to-mediastinum ratio at 4h (HMR) in patients with suspected LBD, and to examine its relationship with clinical and para-clinical data. Material and methods: A total of 77 patients with clinical suspicion of LBD evaluated at our centre between September 2005 and June 2008 to whom a MIBG myocardial scintigraphy has been performed were retrospectively reviewed. International Consensus Criteria of LBD were applied to divide the sample into probable LBD, possible LBD and non-LBD. HMR values and their relationships with clinical and neuropsychological data were analysed. A subgroup of patients had FP-CIT (fluoropropyl-carbomethoxy-3β-4-iodophenyltropane) SPECT as a part of the evaluation.Results: Mean HMR values were significantly lower in probable LBD group than in possible LBD and non-LBD groups. Low HMR values were associated only with reduced FP-CIT uptake in the striatum, but not with any clinical or neuropsychological item.Conclusions: Low MIBG myocardial scintigraphy uptake is a robust measure in LBD, and it is not largely affected by medical conditions, or by the stage of the disease. In LBD reduced MIBG myocardial uptake is associated with nigrostriatal degeneration (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Retinoic acid (RA) treatment has been used for redifferentiation of metastatic thyroid neoplasia that have lost radioiodine (131I) uptake with heterogeneous results. AIM: Retrospective analysis of the recovery rate of 131I uptake after RA treatment in patients from 11 Spanish hospitals. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (14 men, 13 women) with papillary [21], follicular [4], and oncocytic [2] thyroid cancer initially treated with total thyroidectomy plus 131I, and with 131I negative metastatic disease, were given 13-cis RA (0.66-1.5 mg/kg for 5-12 weeks) followed by a therapeutic 131I dose (3700-7400 MBq); 3 months later thyroglobulin levels and computed tomography imaging were performed. RESULTS: In 9 out 27 cases (33%) (8 papillary, 1 follicular) optimal positive 131I scan was observed after RA treatment; in the remaining 18, 10 had a suboptimal uptake (7 papillary, 2 follicular, 1 oncocytic) and in the rest there was no 131I uptake recovery (6 papillary, 1 follicular, 1 oncocytic). In 17 positive responses to RA (either optimal or suboptimal) in which image follow-up was available, decrease or stabilization of metastatic growth was observed in 7, while tumor mass increased at short term in the remaining 10. No major side effects were detected. CONCLUSION: Quite a high rate of 131I uptake recovery after RA treatment may be obtained in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer, but the potential modification of the natural course of the disease is uncertain. A better biological characterization of these tumors allowing the identification of potential responders to RA may improve the outcome of RA coadjuvant therapy.

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INTRODUCTION: 67Ga scintigraphy is an established method for the staging and follow-up of patients diagnosed of lymphomas. The aim of this study is to evaluate advantages of 67Ga SPECT-CT study over planar, SPECT and high resolution CT studies in lymphoma disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and one 67Ga studies corresponding to 74 patients (46 men) were obtained, mean age 44 years. Thirty-eight patients (51 %) were diagnosed of Hodgkin's lymphoma and 36 were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were evaluated with 67Ga and high-resolution CT studies. 67Ga studies were performed in a hybrid system, obtaining planar, SPECT and fused SPECT-CT imaging. Findings obtained from 67Ga studies were correlated with findings obtained from CT studies, both much in number of tumoral lesions and in their localization. RESULTS: Planar, SPECT, SPECT-CT and CT studies detected 123, 146, 155 and 132 lesions respectively. SPECT-CT and CT were concordant in 52 studies, while there was no concordance between SPECT-CT and CT in the remaining 49 studies, SPECT-CT detecting more lesions than CT in 28 of them. These findings changed the disease stage 18 times (18 % of whole studies). CONCLUSION: These results show better efficiency of 67Ga SPECT-CT compared to the other acquisition methods of 67Ga study and to CT for detection of tumoral lymphomatous lesions. 67Ga SPECT-CT study improves the diagnostic yield of the study with 67Ga in patients with lymphoma, providing better anatomical localization of tumoral lesions and detection of extraganglionar disease.

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Introducción. La gammagrafía con 67Ga es un método establecido en la estadificación y seguimiento de los pacientes diagnosticados de linfoma. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar las ventajas de la gammagrafía con 67Ga y SPECT-TAC sobre los estudios planares y SPECT y sobre la TAC de alta resolución en la enfermedad linfomatosa. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 101 estudios con 67Ga pertenecientes a 74 pacientes (46 hombres), edad media 44 años. Treinta y ocho pacientes (51 %) estaban diagnosticados de linfoma de Hodgkin y 36 no hodgkinianos. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante estudio con 67Ga y TAC de alta resolución. La exploración con 67Ga se realizó en un sistema híbrido, obteniendo imágenes planares, SPECT y fusión SPECT-TAC. Los resultados obtenidos de los estudios con 67Ga se compararon con los de la TAC, tanto en número de lesiones como en su localización. Resultados. Los estudios planares, SPECT, SPECT-TAC y TAC detectaron 123, 146, 155 y 132 lesiones, respectivamente. La SPECT-TAC y la TAC fueron coincidentes en 52 estudios, mientras que en los otros 49 estudios no hubo concordancia en número de lesiones, detectando la SPECT-TAC más lesiones que la TAC en 28 de ellos, modificando la estadificación de la enfermedad en 18 ocasiones (18 % de los estudios). Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran una mayor efectividad del estudio de 67Ga y fusión SPECT-TAC en comparación con los otros métodos de adquisición gammagráficos y con la TAC de alta resolución en la detección de lesiones linfomatosas. Este método mejora el rendimiento diagnóstico de los estudios con 67Ga, aportando una mejor localización anatómica de las lesiones y permitiendo detectar lesiones extraganglionares

Introduction. 67Ga scintigraphy is an established method for the staging and follow-up of patients diagnosed of lymphomas. The aim of this study is to evaluate advantages of 67Ga SPECT-CT study over planar, SPECT and high resolution CT studies in lymphoma disease. Material and methods. One hundred and one 67Ga studies corresponding to 74 patients (46 men) were obtained, mean age 44 years. Thirty-eight patients (51 %) were diagnosed of Hodgkin's lymphoma and 36 were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were evaluated with 67Ga and high-resolution CT studies. 67Ga studies were performed in a hybrid system, obtaining planar, SPECT and fused SPECT-CT imaging. Findings obtained from 67Ga studies were correlated with findings obtained from CT studies, both much in number of tumoral lesions and in their localization. Results. Planar, SPECT, SPECT-CT and CT studies detected 123, 146, 155 and 132 lesions respectively. SPECT-CT and CT were concordant in 52 studies, while there was no concordance between SPECT-CT and CT in the remaining 49 studies, SPECT-CT detecting more lesions than CT in 28 of them. These findings changed the disease stage 18 times (18 % of whole studies). Conclusion. These results show better efficiency of 67Ga SPECT-CT compared to the other acquisition methods of 67Ga study and to CT for detection of tumoral lymphomatous lesions. 67Ga SPECT-CT study improves the diagnostic yield of the study with 67Ga in patients with lymphoma, providing better anatomical localization of tumoral lesions and detection of extraganglionar disease

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We report a case of a 56-year-old male with high suspicion of an intraabdominal catecholamine-producer tumor. The patient underwent different diagnostic procedures including 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy, with subsequent SPECT and low resolution CT for attenuation correction and anatomic and functional image fusion. After practicing a new 123I-MIBG scintigraphy the patient was taken to the operating room, where a hand-held gamma probe detector helped to localize the lesion.

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Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 56 años con elevada sospecha de tumoración intraabdominal productora de catecolaminas. El paciente fue sometido a diversas pruebas diagnósticas, entre las que se incluyó un rastreo gammagráfico con 123I-metayodobencilguanidina (123I-MIBG), complementado con SPECT y TC de baja resolución para corrección de atenuación y posterior fusión de las imágenes anatómicas y funcionales. Después de un nuevo rastreo con 123I-MIBG el paciente fue intervenido quirúrgicamente con el apoyo intraoperatorio de una sonda gamma portátil, que facilitó la localización de la tumoración

We report a case of a 56-year-old male with high suspicion of an intraabdominal catecholamine-producer tumor. The patient underwent different diagnostic procedures including 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy, with subsequent SPECT and low resolution CT for attenuation correction and anatomic and functional image fusion. After practicing a new 123I-MIBG scintigraphy the patient was taken to the operating room, where a hand-held gamma probe detector helped to localize the lesion

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Male patient, 73 year old, with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated by surgery, 131I and L-Tyroxine, with bone metastasis, detected by bone scintigraphy and CT scan, which negative radioiodine uptake. In order to induce tumoral redifferentiation, retinoic acid (70 mg/day) was administered for three months before 131I treatment. A radioiodine scan performed after treatment showed uptake in some of the bone metastasis. Nine months later, and due to disease progression, a second induction with retinoic acid was performed before 131I treatment. The radioiodine scan performed after treatment showed greater uptake and higher number of bone lesions than the previous scan.

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Paciente varón de 73 años con carcinoma papilar de tiroides tratado con cirugía, 131I y L-Tiroxina, que presentó metástasis óseas, objetivadas por gammagrafía ósea y TAC, que no captaban 131I. Con el fin de inducir rediferenciación tumoral, se administró ácido retinoico (70 mg/día) durante tres meses previos a tratamiento con 131I. El rastreo postratamiento evidenció captación de 131I en algunas metástasis óseas. Por este motivo, y debido a progresión de la enfermedad, nueve meses más tarde se realizó una segunda inducción con ácido retinoico previa a tratamiento con 131I. En esta ocasión el rastreo postratamiento mostró captación de 131I de mayor grado de intensidad y en más lesiones óseas que las detectadas por el rastreo anterior (AU)

Male patient, 73 year old, with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated by surgery, 131I and L-Tyroxine, with bone metastasis, detected by bone scintigraphy and CT scan, which negative radioiodine uptake. In order to induce tumoral redifferentiation, retinoic acid (70 mg/day) was administered for three months after treatment showed uptake in some of the bone metastasis. Nine months later, and due to disease progression, a second induction with retinoic acid was performed before 131I treatment. The radioiodine scan performed after treatment showed greater uptake and higher number of bone lesions than the previous scan (AU)

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AIM: To evaluate the role of isotopic studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to present the results of our current protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty three patients with VUR were retrospectively studied with a mean follow-up of 43 years (1-11 years). VUR was diagnosed by voiding cystourethrography and followed-up by direct radionuclide cystography. During the follow-up all patients were studied by means of renal DMSA scintigraphy (21 were also studied during the acute phase of febrile urinary tract infection). RESULTS: Eighty three renal units were examined. Voiding cystourethrography was positive for VUR in 49 renal units (59%; 8 grade I, 18 grade II, 15 grade III, and 8 grade IV). During the follow-up, direct radionuclide cystography showed decrease or disappearance of VUR in 29 renal units (35%; 4 grade I, 16 grade II, 7 grade III, and 2 grade IV). DMSA studies performed during the follow-up showed cortical lesions in 17 renal units (5 with VUR grade II, 7 with grade III, and 5 grade IV). Nine of 21 patients examined by DMSA during the acute phase of febrile urinary tract infection showed cortical damage (43%), and 6 of them (67%) progressed to cortical lesion in the follow-up DMSA. CONCLUSIONS: The present protocol allows for the correct diagnosis and control of VUR, the early detection of acute renal damage, and the control of its evolution.

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Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad de la cistografía isotópica directa (CID) y de la gammagrafía renal con ácido dimercaptosuccínico (DMSA) en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del RVU, según los resultados obtenidos a partir del protocolo actual de nuestro centro. Material y Métodos: Se han estudiado retrospectivamente 43 pacientes diagnosticados de RVU con un período de seguimiento medio de 4 ñ 3 años (1-11 años). El diagnóstico de RVU se realizó mediante cistografía radiológica (CUMS) y el seguimiento mediante CUMS y/o CID. Durante el seguimiento se realizó gammagrafía renal con DMSA a todos los pacientes. Veintiún pacientes también fueron estudiados con DMSA durante la fase aguda de la infección urinaria febril. Resultados: Se exploraron 83 unidades renales. En el momento del diagnóstico la CUMS fue positiva para RVU en 49 unidades renales (59 per cent; 8 grado I, 18 grado II, 15 grado III y 8 grado IV). Durante el seguimiento por CID se observó disminución o desaparición del RVU en 29 unidades renales (35 per cent; 4 grado I, 16 grado II, 7 grado III y 2 grado IV). Durante el seguimiento el DMSA mostró lesiones corticales en 17 unidades renales (5 con RVU grado II, 7 grado III y 5 grado IV). Nueve de los 21 pacientes estudiados con DMSA durante la fase aguda de la infección urinaria febril presentaron afectación cortical (43 per cent), de los cuales 6 evolucionaron a lesión cortical en el DMSA de control (67 per cent). Conclusiones: El protocolo descrito permite diagnosticar y controlar el RVU, identificar precozmente la afectación renal y controlar su evolución (AU)

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