RESUMEN
The biotechnology-derived medicines known as biosimilars are defined as non-originator treatments that have demonstrated quality, efficacy, and safety comparable to the reference biologic drug. Clinical trials have shown that the infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, and the candidates for the adalimumab biosimilars, ABP 501 and ZRC 3197, are not significantly different, with respect to efficacy and safety, from the originator drugs in patients with other autoimmune diseases. However, controversy has arisen over the use of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease, due to the incipient evidence not only in patients with no previous biotechnology treatment, but also in patients in remission, that could be switched to a biosimilar for non-medical reasons. The present review is the first critical analysis by different specialists in the area of gastroenterology on the use of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease, the evidence on interchangeability, the extrapolation of indications, efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, and the clinical impact of the Mexican health regulations. The aim of our review was to make the positioning and recommendations of these new therapeutic options known, given that they have a potential cost-benefit for both patients and healthcare institutions.
Asunto(s)
Biosimilares Farmacéuticos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Adalimumab , Humanos , Infliximab , Legislación de Medicamentos , MéxicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare treatment intervals in breast cancer patients according to the detection method (breast self-exam vs screening). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis including 291 breast cancer patients at a Mexican tertiary referral hospital. RESULTS: Breast cancer detection method was mostly breast self-exam (60%). The median patient interval was 60.5 days, and was associated with marital status and socioeconomic level. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant for global interval, p = 0.002; however, health system interval was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: In our country, breast cancer screening is opportunistic, with several weaknesses within its management and quality systems. Our study showed that even in specialized health care centers, breast cancer is detected by self-exam in up to 2/3 of patients, which can explain the advanced stages at diagnosis in our country. In developing countries, the immediate health care access for breast cancer patients should be prioritized as an initial step to reduce the global treatment initiation interval in order to reduce mortality.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Autoexamen de Mamas/métodos , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Colletotrichum capsici is an important fungal species that causes anthracnose in many genera of plants causing severe economic losses worldwide. A primer set was designed based on the sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions for use in a conventional PCR assay. The primer set (CcapF/CcapR) amplified a single product of 394 bp with DNA extracted from 20 Mexican isolates of C. capsici. The specificity of primers was confirmed by the absence of amplified product with DNA of four other Colletotrichum species and eleven different fungal genera. This primer set is capable of amplifying only C. capsici from different contaminated tissues or fungal structures, thereby facilitating rapid diagnoses as there is no need to isolate and cultivate the fungus in order to identify it. The sensitivity of detection with this PCR method was 10 pg of genomic DNA from the pathogen. This is the first report of a C. capsici-specific primer set. It allows rapid pathogen detection and provides growers with a powerful tool for a rational selection of fungicides to control anthracnose in different crops and in the post-harvest stage.
Asunto(s)
Colletotrichum/genética , Colletotrichum/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Secuencia de Bases , Carica/microbiología , Cartilla de ADN , ADN de Hongos/análisis , ADN de Hongos/genética , México , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Among S. typhimurium and S. agona strains isolated during the period from 1971 to 1987, the biotypes, colicine types and resistance patterns were determined for 734 S. typhimurium and 631 S. agona strains. Among 734 S. typhimurium strains 65 biotypes were disclosed with prevalence of biotypes 1a (28.34%), 1b (29.84%) and 9 bi (18.28). Concerning S. agona, the biotype 1a represented by 87.16%, was the commonest clone among our strains. Although colicine typing added little information to characterize these serotypes, it should be usefull when applied in epidemiological study of outbreaks. It was observed multiply antimicrobial resistance mainly among human strains, particularly from nosocomial origins.
Asunto(s)
Salmonella/clasificación , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Humanos , Salmonella typhimurium/clasificación , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Trypsin inhibitors, alfa amylase inhibitors and hemagglutinins were determined in black beans (P. vulgaris) produced in Costa Rica. The effect of the traditional cooking on such antinutritional factors was also studied. The antinutritional factors were analyzed spectrophotometrically in the raw beans, as well as after several cooking periods of time. The results showed that alfa-amylase inhibitors were the most thermoresistant. After 30 min of cooking time there was a 33% of activity left from the initial activity of the raw beans. Approximately 80% of the antitryptic activity was destroyed at 9 min of cooking time. After 10 min of cooking time, only 1% of hemagglutinin activity was present.
Asunto(s)
Fabaceae/química , Manipulación de Alimentos , Hemaglutininas/análisis , Plantas Medicinales , Inhibidores de Tripsina/análisis , alfa-Amilasas/análisis , Aminoácidos Esenciales/análisis , Costa Rica , Fabaceae/enzimología , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Valor Nutritivo , EspectrofotometríaRESUMEN
We are presenting a case of a young woman with sudden onset of heart failure and several episodes of syncope, after a prolonged labor. The findings at physical examination suggested the diagnosis of acute aortic insufficiency, that was confirmed by cardiac catheterization. At surgery, the aortic valve showed a round perforation in the non coronary cusp. Pathological examination of the valve showed no significant abnormality. We conclude that the stress of labor was the cause of the rupture of a previously normal aortic valve.