RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the radioprotective efficacies of amifostine (AMI) and l-carnitine (LC) against radiation-induced acute testicular damage. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 6), AMI plus radiotherapy (RT) (n = 8), LC plus RT (n = 8) and RT group (n = 8). The rats were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy to the scrotal field. LC (300 mg/kg) and AMI (200 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally 30 min before irradiation. The mean seminiferous tubule diameters (MSTDs) were calculated. Testicular damage was evaluated histopathologically using Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score criteria. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples. AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups had significantly higher MSTDs than those in the RT group (p = .003 and p = .032 respectively). MDA values of both AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups were significantly lower than those in RT group (p < .004 and p < .012 respectively). As a result, AMI and LC have a similar radioprotective effect against radiation-induced acute testicular damage, histopathologically and biochemically.
Asunto(s)
Amifostina/uso terapéutico , Carnitina/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Testiculares/prevención & control , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testículo/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on chronic oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and serum with biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), catalase, glutathione (GSH), and free-thiols (F-SH). METHODS: Thirty Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control, n=10), group II (irradiation-alone group, n=10) and group III (DMSO and irradiation group, n=10). Rats in groups II and III were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy to the entire liver and right kidney. Group III received DMSO 4.5 g/kg by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before irradiation. At the end of the 24th week, the rats were sacrificed and their trunk blood, kidney and liver tissues were collected. RESULTS: Group II rats showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, with decreased GSH, FSH and catalase levels in all specimens when compared with group I. Serum and kidney MDA and AOPP levels were significantly lower in group III when compared with group II. However, serum and kidney GSH and F-SH levels were significantly higher in group III when compared with group II. The additive effect on catalase was seen only in the serum. CONCLUSION: DMSO is a protective agent on chronic oxidative stress in the serum and kidney tissue. No oxidant or antioxidant effect of DMSO in the liver was seen.
Asunto(s)
Dimetilsulfóxido/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Biomarcadores , Femenino , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/sangre , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction and the radioprotective effect of amifostine (AMI) in the brain of infantile rats. METHODS: Thirty 2-week-old rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1: control (CONT), group 2: radiation alone (RT), and group 3: AMI before radiation (AMI+RT). The rats in the RT and AMI+RT groups were irradiated individually with a single dose of 20 Gy. All animals were evaluated by using the Morris water maze test to evaluate of their cognitive functions. Histopathological analyses of the hippocampus were also carried out after euthanasia. RESULTS: The study showed that the place navigational function and the spatial probe test were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: It can be said that it is very important to determine when the radiation-induced brain injury is formed. From a clinical perspective, the patients can be intervened before irreversible functional deficits are formed and may be amenable to treatment.
Asunto(s)
Amifostina/uso terapéutico , Lesiones Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológico , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Encéfalo/patología , Lesiones Encefálicas/etiología , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de la radiación , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , RatasRESUMEN
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with renal cell carcinoma. The treatment results such as distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival of 59 previously untreated patients were retrospectively analysed. Median follow-up was 17.5 months (3.8-88.5 months). Overall survival was 22.4 months (3-87 months). Distant metastasis developed in 35 (59%) patients. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (P=0.022), tumour size (P=0.025) and lymphatic invasion (P<0.0001) were significantly effective prognostic factors for distant metastasis-free survival on multivariate analysis. Related to overall survival, gender (P=0.025), ECOG performance status (P=0.027), nuclear grade (P=0.002), tumour size (P=0.029), T stage (P=0.044), nodal involvement (P=0.003), surgical margin (P=0.046), renal sinus invasion (P<0.0001), perineural growth (P=0.001) and lymphatic invasion (P<0.0001) were significant prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Gender (P=0.008), ECOG performance status (P=0.027), tumour size (P=0.025) and lymphatic invasion (P<0.0001) retained their significance on multivariate analysis. We concluded that the most important prognostic factors for patients with renal cell carcinomas are ECOG performance status, tumour size and lymphatic invasion.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/terapia , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Renales/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Carga Tumoral , TurquíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and analyse the prognostic factors influencing survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight consecutive patients with GBM treated with radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) (in 21 patients) between 1999 and 2006 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven (85.5%) patients had undergone gross total or subtotal resection before RT. The median overall survival was 9.8 months, and significantly influenced by age (p=0.02), Karnofsky performance status (p=0.001), RT (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.02), concomitant TMZ (p=0.003), RT waiting time (p=0.014), and treatment time (p=0.01) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, older age (p=0.03), male gender (p=0.01), absence of concomitant TMZ (p=0.008), RT dose below 60 Gy (p=0.03), RT waiting time more than 20 days (p=0.01), and treatment time more than 76 days (p=0.0072) were poor prognosticators. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of female gender, dose and duration of RT, and RT waiting time in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Glioblastoma/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Dacarbazina/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/radioterapia , Glioblastoma/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores Sexuales , Tasa de Supervivencia , Temozolomida , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cerebrovascular disease is common in cancer patients. Some tumors are at high risk for cerebrovascular complications. The development of cerebrovascular disease may be provoked by cancer treatment. No well-planned prospective studies about other causes of thrombosis are available, although various case reports about thrombosis related to chemotherapy have been published. L-asparaginase, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate are anticancer agents which are reported to relate to stroke. The mechanisms by which antineoplastic agents may lead to stroke include endothelium toxicity and abnormalities of coagulation factors. Also, brain hemorrhages that could result from chemotherapy effects on the hemostatic system were reported. Besides, it is difficult to determine whether stroke is caused by chemotherapy or cancer itself. Clinicians deal not only with problems originating from cancer itself, but also with the complications resulting from its treatment. Treatment-induced cerebrovascular disorders affect quality of life and survival in cancer patients. For this reason, cancer treatment should be planned by taking into consideration the possibility of cerebrovascular complications.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Asparaginasa/uso terapéutico , Bevacizumab , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Hepática/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Hepática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Tumor de Wilms/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Dactinomicina/administración & dosificación , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Vincristina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Primary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a relatively rare tumour with an overall incidence of less than 1% among all colorectal cancers. These tumours are highly aggressive as distant metastases occur even when the primary tumour is limited to the submucosa or mucosa. Despite the mean survival being around 6 months, long-term survival may be achieved in patients with localized disease treated with curative resection and adjuvant therapy. We report on a patient with Dukes' C small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum who underwent surgery followed by pelvic irradiation and chemotherapy and achieved long-term survival.
RESUMEN
Metastatic tumors of the pituitary gland are not commonly diagnosed during life in cancer patients. The occurrence of symptomatic lesions is also very unusual and difficult to differentiate clinically and radiologically from pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, a single intrasellar metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma mimicking a pituitary adenoma is an extremely rare pathological finding. We report on the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in a patient with laryngeal carcinoma who had a symptomatic solitary pituitary gland metastasis that was recognized antemortem.