RESUMEN
Proper functioning of homeostatic mechanisms is characteristic for every healthy organism and enables adapting to environmental changes. These complicated systematic reactions can neutralize the harmful stress factors leading to various inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to determine dynamic changes in the inflammatory reaction after single 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administration of 5 µg/kg body weight into rats with experimentally induced pleuritis. These changes were observed by monitoring the hematological blood parameters during inflammation. The obtained results proved that dioxins contribute to various changes in the character of the inflammatory response. TCDD administration before pleuritis initiation caused an increase of lymphocytes and significant decrease of the number of neutrophils during inflammation. The current study proved that administration of low TCDD dose (seven times lower than used in other studies) can cause thymus, spleen, or lymphatic gland atrophy. This finding indicates the toxic influence of small TCDD dose especially on the immune system.
Asunto(s)
Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Pleuresia/sangre , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/toxicidad , Animales , Atrofia/inducido químicamente , Basófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Carragenina , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Recuento de Linfocitos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Plaquetas , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/administración & dosificación , RatasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: According to cytotoxic and mutagenic properties, nitrogranulogen (NTG) changes the character of inflammatory reactions. Our previous studies have shown that NTG can enhance immunological defense reactions, because of its high affinity to DNA, and causes disorders in the synthesis of acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin, transferrin, fibrinogen and complement protein C3) [15]. The aim of the current studies was to determine the influence of three different NTG doses: 5 µg/kg b.w. (body weight), 50 µg/kg b.w. and 600 µg/kg b.w. (cytotoxic dose) on the values of hematological blood parameters: RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, MPV, PCT, PDW, WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, MONO, EOS and BASO in pleuritis-induced rats. METHODS: The animals were randomized into five groups: Group I - control group; Group II - IP (induced pleuritis) group; Group III - NTG5 group; Group IV - NTG50 group; Group V - NTG600 group. The blood was collected from all the groups at the 24(th) h, 48(th) h, and 72(nd) h after the initiation of the carrageenin-induced inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: These investigations have revealed that NTG administered at the dose of 5 µg/kg b.w. caused the drop of the leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers and the rise of the neutrophil number at the 72(nd) h of the experimental-induced inflammatory reaction. Moreover, the dose of: 5 µg/kg b.w. was an immunomodulatory property and it also increased the erythrocytic parameters. On the contrary, NTG applied at the doses of 50 µg/kg and 600 µg/kg b.w. contributed to the drop of both: the erythrocytic and leukocytic parameters during the whole time of the inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nitrogranulogen affects the erythropoiesis.
Asunto(s)
Alquilantes/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Mecloretamina/farmacología , Pleuresia/tratamiento farmacológico , Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Animales , Carragenina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Eritropoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Mecloretamina/administración & dosificación , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Pleuresia/fisiopatología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas BUF , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Nitrogranulogen (NTG) may modify the character of inflammatory reactions. These modifications are a result of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. NTG has high affinity to DNA and causes disorders in the synthesis of acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and complement protein C3). Our previous studies have shown that small doses of NTG can enhance immunological defense reactions in the organism. The aim of the current studies was to determine how different NTG doses cause changes in the values of biochemical parameters in pleuritis-induced rats. The animals were randomized into five groups: Group I - control group; Group II - IP (induced pleuritis) group; Group III - NTG5 group; Group IV - NTG50 group; Group V - NTG600 group. Blood was collected from all groups of animals at 24, 48, and 72 h after the initiation of the carrageenin-induced inflammatory reaction. These investigations revealed that a dose of 5 µg NTG/kg b.w. (body weight) can change the character of the inflammation. Our studies also show that a dose of 600 µg NTG/kg b.w. causes a rapid decrease in the level of C3 at the 72 h of the experiment (after 3 applications every 24 h), which indicates a cytotoxic action of such a large NTG dose. NTG used at doses of 50 and 600 µg/kg b.w. causes the opposite metabolism of albumins and other serum proteins. Our studies show that the different doses of NTG have distinct effects on the inflammatory reaction.
Asunto(s)
Alquilantes/farmacología , Mecloretamina/farmacología , Pleuresia/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/efectos de los fármacos , Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Alquilantes/toxicidad , Animales , Carragenina , Complemento C3/biosíntesis , Complemento C3/efectos de los fármacos , Complemento C3/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Mecloretamina/administración & dosificación , Mecloretamina/toxicidad , Pleuresia/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas BUF , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The intensity of an inflammatory response in a tissue or an organ is dependent on the efficiency of the organism's homeostatic mechanisms, which restrict the extent of the reaction. The type of factor inducing a inflammatory response and its strength have significant influence on the dynamics of an inflammatory reaction. The prompt eradication of an inflammatory factor and its biologically adverse effects attest to the efficacious adaptive mechanisms of the organism. The inflammatory response expresses biochemical, hematological, and immunological responses at the local or systemic level.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/inmunología , Homeostasis , Inflamación/inmunología , HumanosRESUMEN
The somato-vegetative reflex is an organism's answer to physical stress, resulting from the action of miscellaneous stimuli on extero- and proprioreceptors. It is realized in two types of responses of alarm groups: Response to a stressor with superiority of the parasympathetic system. This is not often present and manifests as decrease in pulse, heart stroke volume and pressure. An adrenergic response to a stressor, realized sequntionally in time periods. The neurogenic phase and humoral phase connected with the ejection of amine from the core of the suprarenal gland are separately distingiushed in this type of response. Significant increase in blood pressure, vascular resistance, augmentation of flow of blood in the aorta and tachycardia were observed in these two phases to a considerable extent. An important role in this reflex is performed by the limbic system, whose activation causes a circulation of stimulation in the Papez emotive district, which lies at the basis of the appearance of vegetative symptoms of emotions. Knowledge of the mechanism of this reflex is important, as it may play an important role, without the participation of the consciousness (anesthesia) in diagnosing pain in miscellaneous surgical and dental procedures and sharp pain syndromes, as well as the prevention of the occurrence of this reflex and its hemodynamic repercussion.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Dolor/fisiopatología , Presorreceptores/metabolismo , Reflejo , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatología , Animales , Circulación Sanguínea , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Dolor/prevención & control , Resistencia VascularRESUMEN
Dioxins are by products of various technological processes in many branches of industry and products of the combustion of chlorine compounds at low temperatures. They include polychlorated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most dangerous to the human organism and is a model substance to define the toxicity of particular dioxins in mixture. TCDD in small doses exerts a toxic influence on embryos and maturing persons. Dioxin exposure to animals and people causes changes in the immunological system, fetus failure, and defects in fertility and in internal organs and is carcinogenic. Knowledge in this area is rather well documented and has expanded. However, there is little information about dioxin's influence on dentition development. In this review, recent literature reports and the results of own investigations of the general biological effects of dioxins, especially for dentition, are presented.