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The article describes a successful clinical outcome in the case of a 24-year-old male with a diagnosis of an ostium secundum atrial defect secondary to a perforated aneurysm associated with vena cava agenesis. During hospitalization, an echocardiogram revealed the presence of ostium secundum inter-atrial communication with a left to right shunt, a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 60%, and mild pulmonary hypertension, measured at 40 mmHg. CT imaging showed anomalous dilation of the azygos vein (16.8 mm), associated with interruption of the vena cava in the intrahepatic and adrenal portion, continuing through the azygos system and draining into the superior vena cava. Open-heart surgery was performed with pericardium patch placement on the defect. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed a tracking of the interatrial septum, with adequate placement of the surgical patch and no evidence of residual short circuits. The postoperative recovery was favorable, and the patient was discharged five days after surgery. Outpatient monitoring at the first and third months showed no complications during physical examination and echocardiogram imaging.

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We present a 47-year-old male without a relevant history or past respiratory diseases. He debuted with an acute, non-complicated COVID-19 infection, and later he started with mMRC-2 dyspnea, accompanied by a non-expectorant cough of four months evolution. A CT thoracic scan showed a dilatation of the aerial homogenous space and a well-defined anterior left pericardiac level, and a pericardial left bulla was diagnosed. The patient was treated with surgical intervention by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and had an adequate post-surgical evolution. The PPT must be managed by a multidisciplinary team with the definitive treatment of surgical resection.

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Background: Currently the options for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension can be pulmonary endarterectomy, pulmonary angioplasty and pharmacological treatment. Objective: To show the feasibility of performing pulmonary endarterectomy in a cardiology hospital. Methods: From December 2013 to June 2014 a serie of consecutive cases was studied according to the guidelines of the Fifth World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension. Its antecedents, clinical characteristics, functional class, hemodynamics, exercise capacity were defined in pre and post-operative conditions. Results: Three cases, two males with A + blood group and one female O + with presence of antiphospholipid antibodies; the three patients with prior history of pulmonary embolism, obese, with dyspnea and syncope; preoperative systolic pulmonary pressures were 60, 50, 59 mm Hg, and post-operative 43, 33, 21 mm Hg; functional class III/IV vs. I/IV; walked meters 320, 266, 252 vs. 480, 527, 0, respectively. One patient died, not related to surgery, due to multiple organ failure 40 days after surgery. Conclusions: Pulmonary endarterectomy is a feasible procedure with clinical and hemodynamic improvement.

Introducción: actualmente, las opciones de tratamiento de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica pueden ser la endarterectomía pulmonar, la angioplastía pulmonar y el tratamiento farmacológico. Objetivo: mostrar la factibilidad de realizar la endarterectomía pulmonar en un hospital de cardiología. Métodos: de diciembre del 2013 a junio del 2014 se estudió una serie de casos consecutivos de acuerdo con las guías del 5to Simposio Mundial sobre Hipertensión Pulmonar. Se indagaron sus antecedentes, características clínicas, clase funcional, hemodinámica y capacidad de ejercicio, en condiciones pre- y posoperatorias. Resultados: se operaron tres pacientes, dos varones con grupo sanguíneo A+ y una mujer O+ con presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos; los tres pacientes tenían antecedentes de embolia pulmonar previa, obesos, con disnea y síncope; las presiones pulmonares sistólicas preoperatorias fueron de 60, 50, 59 mm Hg, respectivamente, y posoperatorias de 43, 33, 21 mm Hg; clase funcional III/IV frente a I/IV; metros caminados 320, 266, 252 frente a 480, 527 y cero, respectivamente. Un paciente falleció por falla orgánica múltiple a 40 días del posoperatorio, el desenlace no estuvo relacionado con la cirugía. Conclusiones: la endarterectomía pulmonar es un procedimiento factible de realizar con mejoría clínica y hemodinámica.

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Resumen: Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia existente sobre el papel de la trombólisis prehospitalaria en los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) como parte de una estrategia de vanguardia para reducir el tiempo de reperfusión miocárdica y, con ello, mejorar la supervivencia y la función. Métodos: Se utilizó la técnica de exploración-reducción-evaluación-análisis y síntesis de estudios relacionados, con una visión general de las recomendaciones actuales, de los datos de ensayos clínicos controlados y de los registros nacionales e internacionales sobre las diferentes estrategias de reperfusión para el IAMCEST. En total, se examinaron 186 referencias sobre trombólisis prehospitalaria, 130 referencias en tiempos puerta-tratamiento, 139 referencias en la gestión de IAMCEST y los registros nacionales e internacionales, así como 135 referencias en intervención coronaria percutánea primaria y de rescate en IAMCEST. Finalmente se retuvieron las 48 referencias que se consideraron más relevantes e informativas. Conclusión: El factor "tiempo" es esencial en el éxito de la reperfusión temprana en el IAMCEST sobre todo si se toma en cuenta la trombólisis prehospitalaria. La intervención coronaria percutánea primaria está sujeta a su factibilidad antes de 120 min del inicio de los síntomas. En nuestro medio, al igual que en el ámbito internacional, la trombólisis continúa siendo una estrategia con gran alcance en las expectativas de vida y función de los pacientes. Los sistemas de telecomunicación deben incorporarse en tiempo real a las necesidades prioritarias de enfermedades catastróficas como el IAMCEST, donde la vida es dependiente del tiempo.

Abstract: Objective: To review the existing evidence on the role of prehospital thrombolysis in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) as part of a strategy of cutting edge to reduce the time of coronary reperfusion and as a consequence improves both the survival and function. Methods: We used the technique of exploration-reduction-evaluation-analysis and synthesis of related studies, with an overview of current recommendations, data from controlled clinical trials and from the national and international registries about the different strategies for STEMI reperfusion. In total, we examined 186 references on prehospital thrombolysis, 130 references in times door-treatment, 139 references in STEMI management and national and international registries as well as 135 references on rescue and primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI. Finally the 48 references that were more relevant and informative were retained. Conclusion: The "time" factor is crucial in the success of early reperfusion in STEMI especially if thrombolysis is applied correctly during the prehospital time. The primary percutaneous coronary intervention is contingent upon its feasibility before 120 min from the onset of symptoms. In our midst to internationally, thrombolysis continues to be a strategy with great impact on their expectations of life and function of patients. Telecommunication systems should be incorporate in real time to the priority needs of catastrophic diseases such as STEMI where life is depending on time.

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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a significant and growing public health problem, since it currently represents half of all patients with heart failure. Despite improvements in the understanding of the disease, there is no benefit form treatments tested at all. Advances in diagnostic imaging and invasive evaluation algorithms will allow a more accurate and early diagnosis so that treatment of earliest forms in the progression of the disease are applied since the potential for benefit may be higher. Although important progress has been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology, cardiac catheterization, and cellular of diastolic failure mechanisms and not diastolic mechanisms of disease, further research is required promptly to determine how best to address these anomalies to reduce the significant burden of morbidity and mortality in this form of heart failure, which is reaching pandemic proportions.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the existing evidence on the role of prehospital thrombolysis in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) as part of a strategy of cutting edge to reduce the time of coronary reperfusion and as a consequence improves both the survival and function. METHODS: We used the technique of exploration-reduction-evaluation-analysis and synthesis of related studies, with an overview of current recommendations, data from controlled clinical trials and from the national and international registries about the different strategies for STEMI reperfusion. In total, we examined 186 references on prehospital thrombolysis, 130 references in times door-treatment, 139 references in STEMI management and national and international registries as well as 135 references on rescue and primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI. Finally the 48 references that were more relevant and informative were retained. CONCLUSION: The «time¼ factor is crucial in the success of early reperfusion in STEMI especially if thrombolysis is applied correctly during the prehospital time. The primary percutaneous coronary intervention is contingent upon its feasibility before 120 min from the onset of symptoms. In our midst to internationally, thrombolysis continues to be a strategy with great impact on their expectations of life and function of patients. Telecommunication systems should be incorporate in real time to the priority needs of catastrophic diseases such as STEMI where life is depending on time.

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El iloprost inhalado es uno de los fármacos más recientes del grupo de prostanoides en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar. No se ha definido su importancia en la hipertensión pulmonar en el perioperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular. En esta revisión se analizan los grupos con hipertensión pulmonar susceptibles de cirugía cardiaca, la importancia de la hipertensión pulmonar en cirugía cardiaca y, además, la evidencia clínica actual del uso del fármaco en este contexto.

Inhaled iloprost is one of the most recent drugs from prostanoids group's in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. His place in pulmonary hypertension seen in the perioperative cardiovascular surgery has not been defined. In this review we analyze pulmonary hypertension group's susceptibles of cardiac surgery and its importance, besides the current clinical evidence from drug use in this context.

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Inhaled iloprost is one of the most recent drugs from prostanoids group's in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. His place in pulmonary hypertension seen in the perioperative cardiovascular surgery has not been defined. In this review we analyze pulmonary hypertension group's susceptibles of cardiac surgery and its importance, besides the current clinical evidence from drug use in this context.

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Objetivo: La concordancia entre los parámetros de la gasometría arterial y venosa central no se ha definido aún, por lo cual estudiamos la concordancia entre ambas en sujetos postoperados de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en condición estable. Métodos: Se estudiaron sujetos de manera consecutiva con un diseño transversal. Se les determinó la posición del catéter venoso central y al mismo tiempo se obtuvo la muestra arterial y venosa central previa a su egreso de la terapia intensiva. Los datos se expresaron según el método estadístico de Bland-Altman y al coeficiente de correlación intraclase. El resultado estadístico aceptó una p < 0.05. Resultados: Se estudiaron 206 muestras de 103 sujetos postoperados, el pH y el lactato tuvieron una diferencia media (límites de acuerdo) de 0.029 ± 0.048 (−0.018, 0.077) y −0.12 ± 0.22 (−0.57, 0.33) respectivamente; la magnitud del coeficiente de correlación intraclase respectiva fue de 0.904 y 0.943; las relativas a la presión de oxígeno 27.86 ± 6.08 (15.9, 39.8) y la saturación de oxígeno 33.02 ± 6.13 (21, 45), magnitud 0.258 y 0.418. Conclusión: Los parámetros con mejor concordancia arterial y venosa central fueron el pH y el lactato.

Objective: The concordance between the parameters of arterial and central venous blood gases has not been defined yet. We studied the concordance between both parameters in post-surgical myocardial revascularization patients in stable condition. Methods: Consecutive subjects were studied in a cross-sectional design. The position of the central venous catheter was performed and simultaneously we obtained arterial and central venous blood samples prior to discharge from the intensive care unit. Data are expressed according to Bland-Altman statistical method and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Statistical result was accepted at P < .05. Results: Two hundred and six samples were studied of 103 post-surgical patients, pH and lactate had a mean difference (limits of agreement) 0.029 ± 0.048 (−0018, 0.077) and −0.12 ± 0.22 (−0.57, 0.33) respectively. The magnitude of the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.904 and 0.943 respectively. The values related to oxygen pressure were 27.86 ± 6.08 (15.9, 39.8) and oxygen saturation 33.02 ± 6.13 (21, 45), with magnitude of 0.258 and 0.418 respectively. Conclusion: The best matching parameters between arterial and central venous blood samples were pH and lactate.

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OBJECTIVE: The concordance between the parameters of arterial and central venous blood gases has not been defined yet. We studied the concordance between both parameters in post-surgical myocardial revascularization patients in stable condition. METHODS: Consecutive subjects were studied in a cross-sectional design. The position of the central venous catheter was performed and simultaneously we obtained arterial and central venous blood samples prior to discharge from the intensive care unit. Data are expressed according to Bland-Altman statistical method and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Statistical result was accepted at P<.05. RESULTS: Two hundred and six samples were studied of 103 post-surgical patients, pH and lactate had a mean difference (limits of agreement) 0.029±0.048 (-0018, 0.077) and -0.12±0.22 (-0.57, 0.33) respectively. The magnitude of the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.904 and 0.943 respectively. The values related to oxygen pressure were 27.86±6.08 (15.9, 39.8) and oxygen saturation 33.02±6.13 (21, 45), with magnitude of 0.258 and 0.418 respectively. CONCLUSION: The best matching parameters between arterial and central venous blood samples were pH and lactate.

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BACKGROUND: The transport systems of erythrocyte concentrates should be safe and modern. In this paper we analyzed the safety of one pneumatic system to transport erythrocyte concentrates from blood transfusion service to post-surgical therapy service. METHODS: We analyzed 50 erythrocyte concentrates; a sample of 1.5 mL of blood was drawn previously and after delivering the concentrated erythrocyte. The samples were placed in glass tubes to measure temperature, hemoglobin, hematocrit and extracellular potassium concentration. The average and range as univariate analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test as a bivariate analysis were done for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Statistical differences were not observed in the parameters measured. The temperature was not modified by the pneumatic delivery system. The data indicated no significant differences (p > 0.05) pre and post delivered samples in temperature, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level or extracellular potassium concentration. The estimated travel time for each sample was 22.88 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The transport of erythrocyte concentrates through pneumatic delivery system did not change temperature conditions according to the current regulation. Indeed, the data did not show evidence that the cellular suspension underwent a spontaneous cellular lysis by sending erythrocyte concentrates through a pneumatic delivery system.

INTRODUCCIÓN: los sistemas de transporte de componentes eritrocitarios deben ser seguros y modernos. En este trabajo se analiza la seguridad de un sistema neumático como medio de transporte de concentrados eritrocitarios del servicio de transfusiones al servicio de la terapia posquirúrgica. MÉTODOS: se estudiaron las muestras piloto de 50 concentrados eritrocitarios, previa homogeneización del tubo con pinza rotatoria. Se obtuvieron 1.5 mL de la muestra antes de enviar el concentrado eritrocitario por el sistema neumático y 1.5 mL después de su llegada a su destino. Las muestras fueron colocadas en tubos de cristal para su análisis. También se analizaron la concentración de hemoglobina, el nivel de hematócrito y la concentración de potasio extracelular. RESULTADOS: la información obtenida indicó que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05) al comparar los valores pre o posentrega respecto a la temperatura, la concentración de hemoglobina, el nivel de hematócrito ni la concentración extracelular de potasio. La estimación del tiempo de transporte a través del sistema neumático fue de 22.88 segundos. CONCLUSIONES: el envío de concentrados eritrocitarios mediante el sistema neumático no produjo cambios en las condiciones óptimas de temperatura indicadas en la normatividad vigente. Tampoco existió evidencia de que la suspensión celular enviada sufriera lisis celular espontánea debido al traslado de los componentes sanguíneos.

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Mujer de 21 años diagnosticada de cirrosis criptogénica desde los 9 años de edad, que presentó empiema izquierdo posneumónico que no remitió con el tratamiento médico convencional y evolucionó con fistulización hacia la piel en el séptimo espacio intercostal a nivel subescapular izquierdo. Se realizó una ventana torácica abierta y al sexto día se envió a su domicilio con colocación de sistema cerrado de succión portátil, con cambios cada 4 días del material hasta la obliteración total de la cavidad (92 días). Se observó por imagen una expansión completa del pulmón y se realizó reconstrucción de la pared torácica con barras de titanio. La alta mortalidad del empiema, en los pacientes con hepatopatías, requiere la implementación y la búsqueda de nuevas terapias adyuvantes, como la utilización del sistema cerrado de succión y la reconstrucción con barras de titanio. Para una adecuada evaluación, se requieren estudios controlados con una serie de casos amplia (AU)

The patient is a 21-year-old female, diagnosed with cryptogenic cirrhosis at the age of 9. She presented with left post-pneumonic empyema that did not remit with conventional medical management and evolved with fistulization to the skin in the 7th intercostal space in the left subscapular region. We performed an open thoracic window procedure, and on the 6th day the patient was sent home with a portable vacuum-assisted closure device, with changes of the material every 4 days until the cavity was completed obliterated (92 days). Imaging tests showed full expansion of the lung, and chest wall reconstruction was performed with titanium rods. The high mortality of empyema in patients with liver disease requires both implementing and searching for new adjuvant therapies, like the use of vacuum-assisted closure systems and reconstruction with titanium rods. Controlled studies with a wide range of cases are needed for proper evaluation (AU)

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