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Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) poses a significant challenge in maternal health, characterized by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction during late pregnancy or early postpartum. Despite advances in understanding PPCM, it remains life-threatening with substantial maternal morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and outcomes associated with PPCM. A case report of a 29-year-old woman with PPCM is presented, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and tailored management. The patient's presentation was marked by atypical symptoms, including dysuria, lumbar pain, persistent fever, and oral intake intolerance. Despite aggressive medical intervention, the patient experienced a tragic outcome, succumbing to cardiopulmonary arrest within 48 h of admission. This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing PPCM, particularly when presenting with nonspecific symptoms and emphasizes the urgent need for improved diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes in affected individuals.

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After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

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Background: Fungal meningitis can be associated with epidural anesthesia procedures. Fusariosis is a rare infection typically affecting immunocompromised patients and rarely causes meningitis. During 2022-2023, public health officials responded to a large outbreak of Fusarium solani meningitis associated with epidural anesthesia in Durango, Mexico. Methods: The public health response and epidemiological and clinical features of patients affected by this outbreak were described. Coordinated actions were addressed to identify the etiological agent, determine its drug susceptibility, develop diagnostic tests, and implement clinical and epidemiological protocols. Retrospective analyses of clinical variables and outcomes were performed to determine association with better patient survival. Results: A total of 1801 persons exposed to epidural anesthesia were identified, of whom 80 developed meningitis. Fusarium solani was found in 3 brain biopsies and showed susceptibility to voriconazole and amphotericin B. After F solani polymerase chain reaction (PCR) implementation, 57 patients with meningitis were PCR-screened, and 31 (38.8%) had a positive result. Most patients were female (95%), and cesarean section was the most common surgical procedure (76.3%). The case fatality rate was 51.3% (41 patients) and the median hospitalization duration was 39.5 days (interquartile range, 18-86 days). Seventy-one patients (88.8%) received voriconazole/amphotericin B and 64 subjects (80%) additionally received steroids. Cox regression analysis showed an increased lethality risk in patients who received antifungal treatment after 5 days (hazard ratio, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.48], P < .05). Conclusions: The F solani meningitis outbreak in Durango was an unprecedented medical challenge. Timely treatment and effective healthcare management were associated with better survival outcomes.

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ABSTRACT After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Después de una cirugía bariátrica una de las complicaciones más comunes es la disfagia. La etiología de esta enfermedad no ha sido completamente dilucidada, pero se sabe que puede deberse a cambios estructurales debidos a la cirugía. En este reporte se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años con disfagia severa de aparición temprana después de una en manga gástrica laparoscópica. El diagnóstico final del paciente fue de una disfunción esofágica posterior a una cirugía de obesidad y se planteó como manejo una gastrectomía proximal laparoscópica con anastomosis esofagoyeyunal en Y de Roux. Hay que tener en cuenta las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo que se pueden presentar luego de cirugías de obesidad para poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y poder ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado.

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Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection and surgery are the techniques used to treat these kinds of lesions. However, endoscopic resection is considered the first choice for the management of superficial lesions. Dysplasia in BE most commonly appears like a flat lesion but here we describe an unusual case of dysplasia and superficial adenocarcinoma looking like an extensive polypoid lesion.

El esófago de Barrett (EB) es un precursor conocido de displasia y adenocarcinoma. La resección endoscópica y la cirugía son las técnicas utilizadas para tratar este tipo de lesiones. Sin embargo, la resección endoscópica se considera la primera opción para el manejo de las lesiones superficiales. La displasia en EB aparece más comúnmente como una lesión plana, pero aquí describimos un caso inusual de displasia y adenocarcinoma superficial que parece una lesión polipoide extensa.

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BACKGROUND: Patients with obesity have an increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) does not acknowledge the health burden associated this disease. The performance of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS), a clinical classification tool that assesses obesity-related comorbidity, is compared with BMI, with respect to adverse COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: 1071 patients were evaluated in 11 COVID-19 hospitals in Mexico. Patients were classified into EOSS stages. Adjusted risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes were calculated and survival analysis for mechanical ventilation and death was carried out according to EOSS stage and BMI category. RESULTS: The risk for intubation was higher in patients with EOSS stages 2 and 4 (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02-1.97 and 2.78, 95% CI 1.83-4.24), and in patients with BMI classes II and III (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06-2.74, and 2.62, 95% CI 1.65-4.17). Mortality rates were significantly lower in patients with EOSS stages 0 and 1 (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.92) and higher in patients with BMI class III (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.42). In patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, the risk for intubation increased with progressive EOSS stages. Only individuals in BMI class III showed an increased risk for intubation (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.50-3.34). Mortality risk was increased in EOSS stages 2 and 4 compared to EOSS 0 and 1, and in patients with BMI class II and III, compared to patients with overweight. CONCLUSIONS: EOSS was associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes, and it distinguished risks beyond BMI. Patients with overweight and obesity in EOSS stages 0 and 1 had a lower risk than patients with normal weight. BMI does not adequately reflect adipose tissue-associated disease, it is not ideal for guiding chronic-disease management.

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Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection and surgery are the techniques used to treat these kinds of lesions. However, endoscopic resection is considered the first choice for the management of superficial lesions. Dysplasia in BE most commonly appears like a flat lesion but here we describe an unusual case of dysplasia and superficial adenocarcinoma looking like an extensive polypoid lesion.

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<b>Background and Objective:</b> Forage production in the tropics is generally asymmetrically distributed. Hence the need to use more complex models, especially when multiple comparisons are made and there are very large deviations from normality. The objective of this research is to fit a Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) model on accumulated dry matter data from <i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> using a model selection algorithm. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A Box-Cox Power Exponential (BCPE) distribution was adjusted on the dry matter from <i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> data implementing GAMLSS in R (programming language). The accumulated dry matter data for <i>B. brizantha</i> were obtained from a study carried out on a farm in the state of Portuguesa, Venezuela. The explanatory covariate x was the interval between cuts (21, 28, 35 and 42 days). <b>Results:</b> The dependent variable (dry matter) exhibited both skewness and kurtosis. GAMLSS allowed flexible modeling of both the distribution of the dry matter yield from <i>B. brizantha</i> and the dependence of all the parameters of the distribution on intervals between cuttings. For the dry matter yield from <i>B. brizantha</i>, which exhibited skewness and leptokurtosis, the BCPE distribution, provided the best fit. <b>Conclusion:</b> The interval between cuttings showed an effect that is reflected in the average yield of dry matter from <i>B. brizantha</i>. The interval between cuts affected the skewness and the kurtosis of the distribution.

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A 15-year-old male patient presented with dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss and retrosternal pain. The diagnosis of achalasia was made 4 years before. The esophagogram revealed severe esophagus dilatation and the classic "bird-beak" termination. A Heller myotomy plus fundoplication and endoscopic balloon dilatation were conducted four months previously. Nevertheless, the symptoms persisted and the last high-resolution manometry study still showed achalasia type II. The patient underwent a peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy (POEM). POEM is a feasible and safe procedure for experienced and properly-equipped health care delivery centers and could be used as a rescue treatment in refractory achalasia. We present the youngest patient with achalasia in our region who had a successful response to rescue POEM.

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INTRODUCTION: Background: the aim of this study was to investigate the association between birthweight, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and depression in young Mexican adults. Methods: birthweight reports, family history of CVD and diabetes-related diseases, anthropometrics, serum lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], and very-low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [VLDL-C]), and depressive symptoms were measured in 778 subjects of the UP-AMIGOS cohort study. To investigate the association between birthweight categories and CVD risk factors and depression, a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc test was performed of quantitative variables, and 2 test for qualitative variables. Results: mean age was 17.8 years and 469 (60.3 %) of patients were female (n = 469, 60.3 %). The percentage of patients with low birthweight (LBW) was 8.1 % (n = 63), and 3.3 % (n = 26) reported high birthweight (HBW). Young adults with HBW were associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and high weight and body mass index (BMI) when compared to LBW subjects, the difference being statically significant (p < 0.05). Birthweight had no significant association with depression (p > 0.67). Conclusion: the findings from this population-based study revealed a positive relation between birthweight categories and some CVD risk factors. Depression was not related to birthweight.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el peso al nacer, los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y la depresión en adultos mexicanos jóvenes. Métodos: se obtuvieron como variables el peso al nacer, los antecedentes heredofamiliares de ECV y diabetes, la antropometría, el perfil lipídico (colesterol total [CT], triglicéridos [TG], lipoproteína de alta densidad [C-HDL], lipoproteína de baja densidad [C-LDL] y lipoproteína de muy baja densidad [C-VLDL]) y los síntomas de depresión de 778 participantes del estudio de cohortes UP-AMIGOS. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza de 1 vía con pruebas post hoc para investigar la asociación entre las categorías de peso al nacer, riesgo ECV y depresión entre las variables cuantitativas; para las variables cualitativas se realizaron pruebas del 2. Resultados: la edad media fue de 17,8 años y 469 (60,3 %) de los participantes eran mujeres. El porcentaje de pacientes con bajo peso al nacer (BPN) fue del 8,1 % (n = 63) y el 3,3 % (n = 26) tenían elevado peso al nacer (EPN). Se encontró una asociación en el grupo de EPN con la elevación de la presión arterial diastólica (PAS), el peso y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) al compararlo con el grupo de BPN, con una diferencia significativa de p < 0,05. No se encontró ninguna asociación entre el peso al nacer y la depresión (p > 0,67). Conclusiones: se encontró una relación positiva entre las categorías de peso al nacer con algunos factores de riesgo de ECV. La depresión no se asoció con el peso al nacer según los resultados de este estudio poblacional.

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A 15-year-old male patient presented with dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss and retrosternal pain. The diagnosis of achalasia was made 4 years before. The esophagogram revealed severe esophagus dilatation and the classic "bird-beak" termination. A Heller myotomy plus fundoplication and endoscopic balloon dilatation were conducted four months previously. Nevertheless, the symptoms persisted and the last high-resolution manometry study still showed achalasia type II. The patient underwent a peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy (POEM). POEM is a feasible and safe procedure for experienced and properly- equipped health care delivery centers and could be used as a rescue treatment in refractory achalasia. We present the youngest patient with achalasia in our region who had a successful response to rescue POEM.

Un paciente varón de 15 años, con el diagnóstico de acalasia realizado 4 años antes, acudió a evaluación por presentar disfagia, regurgitación, pérdida de peso y dolor restroesternal. El esofagograma baritado evidenció una dilatación severa del esófago y la terminación clásica en "pico de pájaro". El paciente había sido sometido a una miotomía de Heller más fundoplicatura y posteriormente a una dilatación esofágica con balón 4 meses atrás. Sin embargo, los síntomas persistían y la última manometría de alta resolución reveló acalasia tipo II. Finalmente, se realizó una miotomía endoscópica por vía oral (POEM); el cual es un procedimiento seguro y accesible en centros experimentados y debidamente equipados, pudiendo ser una adecuada opción de tratamiento en casos de acalasia refractaria. Presentamos el caso del paciente más joven en nuestra región con acalasia con una respuesta exitosa a un POEM de rescate.

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The link between Toxoplasma gondii infection and multiple sclerosis remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between T. gondii seropositivity and multiple sclerosis. Using an age- and gender-matched case-control study, we studied 45 patients who had multiple sclerosis attended in two public hospitals and 225 control subjects without this disease and other neurological disorders in Durango City, Mexico. Serum samples of cases and controls were analyzed for detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay. One (2.22%) of the 45 patients with multiple sclerosis, and 15 (6.67%) of the 225 control subjects without this disease were seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. No statistically significant difference (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.04-2.47; P = 0.48) in seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies between cases and controls was found. The frequency of T. gondii seropositivity did not vary among cases and controls about sex or age groups. Results of this study do not support an association between seropositivity to T. gondii and multiple sclerosis. However, additional research with larger sample sizes to confirm this lack of association should be conducted.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine distribution, localization and frequency variations of astrocytic tumors (AT) in a Mexican Institute of neurology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional registries of AT from five decades were analyzed. AT/ Surgical discharges (SD) and AT/Central Nervous System Tumors (CNST) from 1995 to 2014 were compared. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred and eighty-seven AT (1 356 men and 931 women) were analyzed. The most common glioma was glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), found in young adults with a higher frequency to that reported in other studies. Relation of AT/SD, as well as, relation of AT/CNST was similar between 1995 and 2014. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the frequency of AT worldwide, being higher in the subgroup of young adults with GBM. There was not significant variation in the frequency of AT during the time studied.

OBJETIVO: Determinar distribución, localización y cambios de la frecuencia de tumores astrocíticos (TA) en un instituto mexicano de neurología. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron los registros institucionales de TA de cinco décadas. Se compararon las relaciones TA/egresos quirúrgicos (EQ) y TA/total de tumores del sistema nervioso central (TSNC) de 1995 a 2014. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 2 287 TA (1 356 en hombres y 931 en mujeres). El glioma más común fue el glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), que estuvo presente en adultos jóvenes con una frecuencia mayor a la reportada en otros estudios. La relación TA/EQ y TA/TNSC fue similar entre 1995 y 2014. CONCLUSIONES: En general, la frecuencia de TA atendidos en el Instituto es similar a la reportada internacionalmente. No obstante, los casos de TA en el subgrupo de adultos jóvenes con GBM son más frecuentes (40%) que las incidencias reportadas en otros estudios (menores al 5%). No se encontró variación significativa en la frecuencia de TA durante las últimas dos décadas.

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Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar distribución, localización y cambios de la frecuencia de tumores astrocíticos (TA) en un instituto mexicano de neurología. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los registros institucionales de TA de cinco décadas. Se compararon las relaciones TA/egresos quirúrgicos (EQ) y TA/total de tumores del sistema nervioso central (TSNC) de 1995 a 2014. Resultados: Se analizaron 2 287 TA (1 356 en hombres y 931 en mujeres). El glioma más común fue el glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), que estuvo presente en adultos jóvenes con una frecuencia mayor a la reportada en otros estudios. La relación TA/EQ y TA/TNSC fue similar entre 1995 y 2014. Conclusiones: En general, la frecuencia de TA atendidos en el Instituto es similar a la reportada internacionalmente. No obstante, los casos de TA en el subgrupo de adultos jóvenes con GBM son más frecuentes (40%) que las incidencias reportadas en otros estudios (menores al 5%). No se encontró variación significativa en la frecuencia de TA durante las últimas dos décadas.

Abstract: Objective: To determine distribution, localization and frequency variations of astrocytic tumors (AT) in a Mexican Institute of neurology. Materials and methods: Institutional registries of AT from five decades were analyzed. AT/Surgical discharges (SD) and AT/Central Nervous System Tumors (CNST) from 1995 to 2014 were compared. Results: Two thousand two hundred and eighty-seven AT (1 356 men and 931 women) were analyzed. The most common glioma was glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), found in young adults with a higher frequency to that reported in other studies. Relation of AT/SD, as well as, relation of AT/CNST was similar between 1995 and 2014. Conclusions: In general, the frequency of AT attended at the Institute is similar to that found worldwide, being only higher the number of GBM in younger adults. There was not significant variation in the frequency of AT during the time studied.

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Osteopontin is a glycophosphoprotein implicated in different physiologic and pathologic processes and is known to be involved in progression and metastasis of various cancers in humans, but this relation is still little explored in the veterinary. The aim was to evaluate the expression of osteopontin in canine mammary carcinomas and its relation with well-established canine mammary tumor biomarkers. For that, expression of OPN, EGFR, HER2, and c-Kit were evaluated along with Ki67 rate in 43 mammary carcinomas. Osteopontin was demonstrated to be expressed by neoplastic epithelial cells in all carcinomas as well as in stromal cells from the tumor microenvironment. Relation between high osteopontin expression and EGFR positivity (P<0.001) and HER2 overexpression (P=0.012) was demonstrated. In conclusion, high OPN expression seems to be related to poor prognosis and MAPK pathway activation, given the association with EGFR and HER2, members of the MAPK signaling pathway.(AU)

A osteopontina é uma glicofosfoproteina implicada em diferentes processos fisiológicos e patológicos, sendo conhecida por estar envolvida na progressão e metástase de vários cânceres nos humanos, no entanto, essa relação é ainda pouco explorada na veterinária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão da osteopontina nos carcinomas mamários caninos e sua relação com biomarcadores bem estabelecidos para esta neoplasia. Para isto, foi avaliada a expressão de OPN, EGRH, HER2 e c-Kit juntamente com a taxa de Ki67 em 43 carcinomas mamários. A osteopontina foi expressa pelas células epiteliais neoplásicas em todos os carcinomas, assim como, nas células estromais do microambiente tumoral. Foi demonstrada uma relação entre uma alta expressão de osteopontina e positividade para EGFR (P<0.001) e superexpressão de HER2 (P=0.012). Em conclusão, alta expressão de OPN parece estar relacionada com mau prognóstico e ativação da via MAPK, devido a sua associação com EGRF e HER2, os quais são membros desta via de sinalização.(AU)

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A 10-year old male dog was examined due to a buphthalmia in the left eye and a nodule in the two testicles. Due to the limited resources of the owner and loss of visual acuity of the patient, the enucleation and castration were chosen as treatment. Microscopic analysis of the testicular tissue revealed neoplastic germ cells. Morphologically, neoplastic cells were characterized by distinct cell borders, scarce and eosinophilic cytoplasm, large round nucleus, with thick chromatin and a prominent nucleolus. Binucleated and multinucleated neoplastic cells were also frequently observed. In 10 high powerfields (400x), 62 typical and atypical mitosis were counted. Similar neoplastic cells were identified within the vessels of theretina, sclera and in the sub-epithelial conjunctive tissue of the eyelid. The neoplastic cells observed in the testicle and in the eye were positive for PAS. By immunochemistry technique was identified an intense immunostaining of the neoplastic cells for Vimentin and Ki-67 in both testicular and ocular tissue. While, discrete immunoreactivity was identified to c-KIT from the neoplastic cells in both organs. Based on morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis, it was possible to characterize the ocular lesion as seminoma metastasis.(AU)

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A 10-year old male dog was examined due to a buphthalmia in the left eye and a nodule in the two testicles. Due to the limited resources of the owner and loss of visual acuity of the patient, the enucleation and castration were chosen as treatment. Microscopic analysis of the testicular tissue revealed neoplastic germ cells. Morphologically, neoplastic cells were characterized by distinct cell borders, scarce and eosinophilic cytoplasm, large round nucleus, with thick chromatin and a prominent nucleolus. Binucleated and multinucleated neoplastic cells were also frequently observed. In 10 high powerfields (400x), 62 typical and atypical mitosis were counted. Similar neoplastic cells were identified within the vessels of theretina, sclera and in the sub-epithelial conjunctive tissue of the eyelid. The neoplastic cells observed in the testicle and in the eye were positive for PAS. By immunochemistry technique was identified an intense immunostaining of the neoplastic cells for Vimentin and Ki-67 in both testicular and ocular tissue. While, discrete immunoreactivity was identified to c-KIT from the neoplastic cells in both organs. Based on morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis, it was possible to characterize the ocular lesion as seminoma metastasis.

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Osteopontin is a glycophosphoprotein implicated in different physiologic and pathologic processes and is known to be involved in progression and metastasis of various cancers in humans, but this relation is still little explored in the veterinary. The aim was to evaluate the expression of osteopontin in canine mammary carcinomas and its relation with well-established canine mammary tumor biomarkers. For that, expression of OPN, EGFR, HER2, and c-Kit were evaluated along with Ki67 rate in 43 mammary carcinomas. Osteopontin was demonstrated to be expressed by neoplastic epithelial cells in all carcinomas as well as in stromal cells from the tumor microenvironment. Relation between high osteopontin expression and EGFR positivity (P<0.001) and HER2 overexpression (P=0.012) was demonstrated. In conclusion, high OPN expression seems to be related to poor prognosis and MAPK pathway activation, given the association with EGFR and HER2, members of the MAPK signaling pathway.(AU)

A osteopontina é uma glicofosfoproteina implicada em diferentes processos fisiológicos e patológicos, sendo conhecida por estar envolvida na progressão e metástase de vários cânceres nos humanos, no entanto, essa relação é ainda pouco explorada na veterinária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão da osteopontina nos carcinomas mamários caninos e sua relação com biomarcadores bem estabelecidos para esta neoplasia. Para isto, foi avaliada a expressão de OPN, EGRH, HER2 e c-Kit juntamente com a taxa de Ki67 em 43 carcinomas mamários. A osteopontina foi expressa pelas células epiteliais neoplásicas em todos os carcinomas, assim como, nas células estromais do microambiente tumoral. Foi demonstrada uma relação entre uma alta expressão de osteopontina e positividade para EGFR (P<0.001) e superexpressão de HER2 (P=0.012). Em conclusão, alta expressão de OPN parece estar relacionada com mau prognóstico e ativação da via MAPK, devido a sua associação com EGRF e HER2, os quais são membros desta via de sinalização.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Osteopontin is a glycophosphoprotein implicated in different physiologic and pathologic processes and is known to be involved in progression and metastasis of various cancers in humans, but this relation is still little explored in the veterinary. The aim was to evaluate the expression of osteopontin in canine mammary carcinomas and its relation with well-established canine mammary tumor biomarkers. For that, expression of OPN, EGFR, HER2, and c-Kit were evaluated along with Ki67 rate in 43 mammary carcinomas. Osteopontin was demonstrated to be expressed by neoplastic epithelial cells in all carcinomas as well as in stromal cells from the tumor microenvironment. Relation between high osteopontin expression and EGFR positivity (P 0.001) and HER2 overexpression (P=0.012) was demonstrated. In conclusion, high OPN expression seems to be related to poor prognosis and MAPK pathway activation, given the association with EGFR and HER2, members of the MAPK signaling pathway.

RESUMO: A osteopontina é uma glicofosfoproteina implicada em diferentes processos fisiológicos e patológicos, sendo conhecida por estar envolvida na progressão e metástase de vários cânceres nos humanos, no entanto, essa relação é ainda pouco explorada na veterinária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão da osteopontina nos carcinomas mamários caninos e sua relação com biomarcadores bem estabelecidos para esta neoplasia. Para isto, foi avaliada a expressão de OPN, EGRH, HER2 e c-Kit juntamente com a taxa de Ki67 em 43 carcinomas mamários. A osteopontina foi expressa pelas células epiteliais neoplásicas em todos os carcinomas, assim como, nas células estromais do microambiente tumoral. Foi demonstrada uma relação entre uma alta expressão de osteopontina e positividade para EGFR (P 0.001) e superexpressão de HER2 (P=0.012). Em conclusão, alta expressão de OPN parece estar relacionada com mau prognóstico e ativação da via MAPK, devido a sua associação com EGRF e HER2, os quais são membros desta via de sinalização.